{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:35:47Z","timestamp":1792089347197,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nurs"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Introducing new working methods is common in healthcare organisations. However, implementation of a new method is often suboptimal. This reduces the effectiveness of the innovation and has several other negative effects, for example on staff turnover. The aim of the current study was to implement the ABC method in residential departments for brain injured patients and to assess the quality of the implementation process. The ABC method is a simplified form of behavioural modification based on the concept that behaviour operates on the environment and is maintained by its consequences.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Four residential departments for brain injured patients introduced the ABC method sequentially as healthcare innovation using a stepped-wedge design. A systematic process evaluation of the implementation was carried out using the framework of Saunders et al. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data; open questions were clustered.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The training of the ABC method was well executed and the nursing staff was enthusiastic and sufficiently involved. Important aspects for successful implementation had been addressed (like a detailed implementation plan and implementation meetings). However, facilitators and barriers that were noted were not addressed in a timely manner. This negatively influenced the extent to which the ABC method could be properly learned, implemented, and applied in the short and long term.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The most challenging part of the introduction of this new trained and introduced method in health care was clearly the implementation. To have a successful implementation serious attention is needed to tailor-made evidence-based implementation strategies based on facilitators and barriers that are identified during the implementation process. Bottlenecks in working with the ABC method have to be addressed as soon as possible. This likely requires \u2018champions\u2019 who are trained for the job, next to an organisation\u2019s management that facilitates the multidisciplinary teams and provides clarity about policy and agreements regarding the training and implementation of the new method. The current process evaluation and the recommendations may serve as an example for the implementation of new methods in other healthcare organisations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-01987-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T03:54:34Z","timestamp":1716868474000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Process evaluation of the implementation of the ABC method, an intervention for nurses dealing with challenging behaviour of patients with brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Climmy","family":"Pouwels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peggy","family":"Spauwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde","family":"Verbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ieke","family":"Winkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Ponds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"1987_CR1","first-page":"862","volume":"61","author":"CGJG Pouwels","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pouwels CGJG, Wolters-Gr\u00e9gorio G, Spauwen PJJ, Bus BAA, Winkens I, Ponds RWHM. 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The Medical Ethics Committee of the Maastricht University Medical Centre and all participating departments approved the study protocol (METC 16-4-133). All nurses with a permanent employment were invited by the research team to participate in the ABC training The management teams of all departments gave permission for participation and collection of the data. All patients (or their legal representative) living at the departments were informed and gave informed consent for using their demographic and injury-related data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"354"}}