{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T19:31:20Z","timestamp":1792351880411,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NRF-2020R1I1A3063639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1I1A3063639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nurs"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Timely and effective intervention within the \u2018golden hour\u2019\u2014the critical first 90\u00a0min after the symptom onset\u2014is crucial for initiating life-saving treatment and reducing mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This highlights the need for nursing students to be proficient in ACS care, emphasizing the importance of preparatory training. This study enhanced traditional simulation methods by integrating a mixed reality (MR) preparation step, offering a more immersive learning experience. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating MR preparation into ACS simulation education, focusing on enhancements in knowledge, self-confidence in learning, and self-efficacy in learning. Additionally, we examined performance, practice immersion, and satisfaction to comprehensively evaluate the MR application.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>One-group pretest-posttest design was implemented in a convenience sample of thirty-nine senior nursing students from a university in South Korea in August 2022. We developed a simulation program integrating MR preparation into ACS simulation (IMRP-ACSS), which was validated through expert review for content validity. The students participated in the simulation program over six hours across two days, including a 40-minute individual session of MR-based simulation preparation using head-mounted displays (the HoloLens 2). Individual changes in knowledge, self-confidence in learning, and self-efficacy in learning evaluated by the survey were analyzed using paired t-tests. Additionally, group performance assessed using the checklist was analyzed. Immersion and satisfaction were measured with a tool and a 10-point Likert scale, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Individually, participants demonstrated significantly increased knowledge (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911.87, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), self-confidence in learning (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097.17, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and self-efficacy in learning (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.70, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) post-education. Group performance yielded a mean score of 56.43\/70\u2009\u00b1\u20097.45. Groups scored higher in electrocardiogram interpretation, patient safety, and heparin administration. Participants reported a practice immersion level of 37.82\/50\u2009\u00b1\u20099.13 and expressed satisfaction with the program, achieving an average score of 8.85\/10\u2009\u00b1\u20091.35.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Integrating MR preparation into ACS simulation enhanced nursing students\u2019 knowledge, self-confidence in learning, and self-efficacy in ACS care, providing a replicable and immersive learning experience. This method is an effective addition to nursing education, preparing students through comprehensive, technology-enhanced training.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-02110-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T10:08:19Z","timestamp":1720519699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Integrating mixed reality preparation into acute coronary syndrome simulation for nursing students: a single-group pretest-posttest study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sun-Hee","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeonjin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10258","key":"2110_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","volume":"396","author":"T Vos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi M, Abbasifard M, et al. 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Participation in the study was voluntary, and the completion of the informed consent forms for signature was ensured for all participants. The research was conducted only after obtaining written informed consent from 49 senior nursing students who expressed interest after a detailed explanation of the purpose, procedures, and potential benefits of the study. We emphasized to participants that they had the right to withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences. Upon completion of their participation, each participant received a $10 gift card as a token of appreciation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for publication obtained from the participant shown in supplementary Fig.\u00a0.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"468"}}