{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:45:12Z","timestamp":1790959512952,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nurs"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-02755-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T11:19:11Z","timestamp":1739186351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses regarding enteral feeding: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0014-7104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akbar","family":"Zare-Kaseb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sogand","family":"Sarmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir Mohamad","family":"Nazari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Ryahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Emami Zeydi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2755_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/16070658.2022.2076970","volume":"36","author":"L Ramuadaa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramuadaa L, Veldsmana L, Livhuwanic N, Blaauw R. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses regarding enteral nutrition at a military hospital. South Afr J Clin Nutr. 2023;36(2):63\u20139.","journal-title":"South Afr J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2755_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.34108\/eujhs.1109142","volume":"32","author":"H Kurt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurt H, Ceyhan \u00d6. The effect of enteral nutrition education given to intensive care nurses on their level of knowledge. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;32(1):34\u201342.","journal-title":"Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Dergisi"},{"issue":"1","key":"2755_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.37284\/eajhs.7.1.1697","volume":"7","author":"NJ Wangari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wangari NJ, Omondi L, Maina D. Nurses\u2019 knowledge, attitude, and practice on Enteral Feeding of critically ill patients at Kenyatta National Hospital Critical Care Unit. East Afr J Health Sci. 2024;7(1):22\u201333.","journal-title":"East Afr J Health Sci"},{"key":"2755_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrasco V, De Freitas MIP, S\u00e3o-Jo\u00e3o TM, Eduardo AHA, Oliveira-Kumakura ARDS. Effect of an educational intervention on nursing knowledge about enteral nutrition therapy: a quasi-experimental study. J Nurs Educ Pract. 2023;13(5).","DOI":"10.5430\/jnep.v13n5p29"},{"issue":"21","key":"2755_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31081","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000031081","volume":"102","author":"NEO Gunes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gunes NEO, Cetinkaya S. Assessment the knowledge, care, and experiences of neonatal nurses about enteral nutrition. Med (Baltim). 2023;102(21):e31081.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2755_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1537","volume":"10","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang J, Chen Y, Xue H, Chen Z, Wang Q, Zhu M, et al. Effect of abdominal massage on feeding intolerance in patients receiving enteral nutrition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurs Open. 2023;10(5):2720\u201333.","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2755_CR7","first-page":"114","volume":"23","author":"D B\u0131\u00e7ak Ay\u0131k","year":"2019","unstructured":"B\u0131\u00e7ak Ay\u0131k D, En\u00e7 N. Yo\u011fun Bakim Hastalarinda enteral beslenme. Yo\u011fun Bak\u0131m Hem\u015fireli\u011fi Dergisi. 2019;23(2):114\u201322.","journal-title":"Yo\u011fun Bak\u0131m Hem\u015fireli\u011fi Dergisi"},{"issue":"3","key":"2755_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2018433","volume":"38","author":"I Orinovsky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Orinovsky I, Raizman E. Improvement of Nutritional Intake in Intensive Care Unit patients via a nurse-led Enteral Nutrition Feeding Protocol. Crit Care Nurse. 2018;38(3):38\u201344.","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurse"},{"issue":"1","key":"2755_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"E Ko\u00e7han","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ko\u00e7han E, Ak\u0131n S. Evaluation of knowledge levels of nurses about Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Practices. JAREN \/. J Acad Res Nurs. 2018;4(1):1\u201314.","journal-title":"J Acad Res Nurs"},{"key":"2755_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d6zba\u015f N, G\u00f6\u00e7men Baykara Z. The determination of the level of knowledge of nurses on enteral tube feedingHem\u015firelerin t\u00fcple enteral beslenme konusunda bilgi d\u00fczeylerinin belirlenmesi. Journal of Human Sciences. 2018;15(1):359\u2013\u200967.<\\\/bib&gt","DOI":"10.14687\/jhs.v15i1.3907"},{"key":"2755_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"2755_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g7647","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647","volume":"350","author":"L Shamseer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ. 2015;350:g7647.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2755_CR13","unstructured":"Moola S, Munn Z, Tufanaru C, Aromataris E, Sears K, Sfetcu R, et al. Systematic reviews of etiology and risk. Joanna Briggs Institute reviewer\u2019s manual. The Joanna Briggs Institute Adelaide, Australia; 2017;5:217\u201369."},{"issue":"1","key":"2755_CR14","first-page":"19","volume":"5","author":"S Jamshidi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jamshidi S, Hejazi N, Mazloom Z. ICU nurses\u2019 knowledge about enteral feeding in critically ill patients in Nemazee Hospital in Shiraz, Iran. Int J Nutr Sci. 2020;5(1):19\u201323.","journal-title":"Int J Nutr Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2755_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0000000000000133","volume":"38","author":"SM Hammad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hammad SM, Al-Hussami M, Darawad MW. Jordanian critical care nurses\u2019 practices regarding enteral nutrition. Gastroenterol Nurs. 2015;38(4):279\u201388.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"2755_CR16","first-page":"114","volume":"11","author":"KG Harjit","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harjit KG. An exploratory study to assess the knowledge regarding Enteral Feeding among Staff nurses in Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. Amarjeet Kaur Sandhu. 2019;11(2):114.","journal-title":"Amarjeet Kaur Sandhu"},{"issue":"2","key":"2755_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/TIN.0000000000000217","volume":"35","author":"ZG Metin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Metin ZG, Pars H. Knowledge and clinical competence of nurses regarding Enteral Nutrition: a Descriptive, cross-sectional, and comparative study. Top Clin Nutr. 2020;35(2):104\u201315.","journal-title":"Top Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2755_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2021.151545","volume":"63","author":"M Hamdan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamdan M, Zidan S, Badrasawi M, Shweikeh H, Al-Masri R, Al-Khateeb R. Palestinian nurses\u2019 knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding enteral nutrition: cross-sectional study. Appl Nurs Res. 2022;63:151545.","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2755_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/011542650201700132","volume":"17","author":"P Ista","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ista P, Jassin S, No\u00ebl F, Preiser JC. Management and knowledge of enteral nutrition in intensive care units in a city in Belgium. Nutr Clin Pract. 2002;17(1):32\u20137.","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"2755_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.36348\/sjnhc.2022.v05i10.001","volume":"5","author":"MSH Alshammari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alshammari MSH, Mates R, Alshammari LK. Knowledge about enteral feeding among cardiac nurses at CCH. Saudi J Nurs Health Care. 2022;5(10):213\u201322.","journal-title":"Saudi J Nurs Health Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"2755_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2006.01841.x","volume":"16","author":"P Fulbrook","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fulbrook P, Bongers A, Albarran JW. A European survey of enteral nutrition practices and procedures in adult intensive care units. J Clin Nurs. 2007;16(11):2132\u201341.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"2755_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadera T, Worku T, Tuli W. Nurses knowledge, practice, and Associated Factors with Enteral Nutrition in Adult Intensive Care units of public hospitals. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2022;32(2).","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v32i2.23"},{"issue":"3","key":"2755_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/DCC.0000000000000639","volume":"43","author":"M Turan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Turan M, Cengiz Z, Olmaz D. Evidence-based investigation of nurses\u2019 Nutrition interventions in Intensive Care patients regarding Enteral Nutrition. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2024;43(3):123\u20139.","journal-title":"Dimens Crit Care Nurs"},{"issue":"35","key":"2755_CR24","first-page":"97","volume":"26","author":"PN Sajeewani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sajeewani PN, Indika PMK, Karunasena KPS, Yapa HE, Samarasekara P. Knowledge and practices of intensive care nurses on enteral nutrition care. Age (Years). 2015;26(35):97.","journal-title":"Age (Years)"},{"key":"2755_CR25","unstructured":"AlOtaibi MS, Abdeldafie SY. ICU nurses\u2019 knowledge about enteral nutrition at Buraidah Central Hospital in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. J Pharm Negat Results. 2022:3096\u2013103."},{"key":"2755_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2016.07.001","volume":"37","author":"J Morphet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morphet J, Clarke AB, Bloomer MJ. Intensive care nurses\u2019 knowledge of enteral nutrition: a descriptive questionnaire. Intensive Crit care Nurs. 2016;37:68\u201374.","journal-title":"Intensive Crit care Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"2755_CR27","first-page":"35","volume":"4","author":"S Das","year":"2015","unstructured":"Das S, Patra D, Pradhan P. Critical care nurses\u2019 knowledge and skill regarding enteral nutrition in critically ill patients at a glance. J Nurs Sci Pract. 2015;4(3):35\u201342.","journal-title":"J Nurs Sci Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"2755_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12065","volume":"20","author":"M Al Kalaldeh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al Kalaldeh M, Watson R, Hayter M. Jordanian nurses\u2019 knowledge and responsibility for enteral nutrition in the critically ill. Nurs Crit Care. 2015;20(5):229\u201341.","journal-title":"Nurs Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2755_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.92433","volume":"28","author":"B Gupta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gupta B, Agrawal P, Soni KD, Yadav V, Dhakal R, Khurana S, et al. Enteral nutrition practices in the intensive care unit: understanding of nursing practices and perspectives. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2012;28(1):41\u20134.","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2755_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.12968\/gasn.2021.19.4.26","volume":"19","author":"MGAP Batalla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Batalla MGAP, Quero RA, Maglalang JC, Gardaya D, Nunes RS, Ginnique De Grato M, et al. Enteral nutrition and medication administration practices of nurses in a low-resource acute setting. Gastrointest Nurs. 2021;19(4):26\u201332.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"2755_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2005.09.001","volume":"22","author":"M Wentzel Persenius","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wentzel Persenius M, Larsson BW, Hall-Lord M-L. Enteral nutrition in intensive care: nurses\u2019 perceptions and bedside observations. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2006;22(2):82\u201394.","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2755_CR32","first-page":"17","volume":"5","author":"N Sefero\u011flu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sefero\u011flu N, \u00d6zy\u00fcrek P, K\u0131sac\u0131k \u00d6G. Enteral Nutrition Management in the critical care patient: Intensive Care nurses\u2019 Practices of Tube Feeding. Practice. 2021;5:17\u20139.","journal-title":"Practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"2755_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533615594012","volume":"30","author":"M Kozeniecki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kozeniecki M, Fritzshall R. Enteral nutrition for adults in the hospital setting. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015;30(5):634\u201351.","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"2755_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5152\/ClinSciNutr.2020.984","volume":"2","author":"K Ak\u00e7ay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ak\u00e7ay K, Suluhan D, Kesik G, Uzuno\u011flu K, Kartal E, \u015eahna A. Nursing practices in enteral nutrition. Clin Sci Nutr. 2020;2(1):1\u201314.","journal-title":"Clin Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2755_CR35","unstructured":"Jabbar HA, Hattab KM. Impact of the educational program on nurses\u2019 practices about enteral feeding tube for premature neonates in Kirkuk City. J Posit School Psychol. 2022:4195\u2013204."},{"issue":"2","key":"2755_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.05.006","volume":"148","author":"RC Solem","year":"2015","unstructured":"Solem RC. Limitation of a cross-sectional study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2015;148(2):205.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"2755_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.03.012","volume":"158","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang X, Cheng Z. Cross-sectional studies: strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations. Chest. 2020;158(1):S65\u201371.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"12","key":"2755_CR38","first-page":"2956","volume":"27","author":"MT Chali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chali MT, Eshete SK, Debela KL. Learning how Research Design methods Work: a review of Creswell\u2019s Research Design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Qualitative Rep. 2022;27(12):2956\u201360.","journal-title":"Qualitative Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2755_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000282","volume":"19","author":"C Stern","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stern C, Lizarondo L, Carrier J, Godfrey C, Rieger K, Salmond S, et al. Methodological guidance for the conduct of mixed methods systematic reviews. JBI Evid Implement. 2021;19(2):120\u20139.","journal-title":"JBI Evid Implement"},{"issue":"9","key":"2755_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.9.1116","volume":"296","author":"T Shaneyfelt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shaneyfelt T, Baum KD, Bell D, Feldstein D, Houston TK, Kaatz S, et al. Instruments for evaluating education in evidence-based PracticeA systematic review. JAMA. 2006;296(9):1116\u201327.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2755_CR41","first-page":"2401","volume":"12","author":"I Ahmed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmed I, Ishtiaq S. Reliability and validity: importance in medical research. Methods. 2021;12(1):2401\u20136.","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"2755_CR42","unstructured":"Betts Razavi T, Self-Report, Measures. An overview of concerns and limitations of Questionnaire Use in occupational stress research. Papers: University of Southampton - Department of Accounting and Management Science; 2001."},{"key":"2755_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rolfe SA. Direct observation. Doing early childhood research: Routledge; 2020. pp. 224\u2013\u200939.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003115397-18"},{"issue":"1","key":"2755_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2019-009363","volume":"29","author":"D Gathara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gathara D, Serem G, Murphy GAV, Obengo A, Tallam E, Jackson D, et al. Missed nursing care in newborn units: a cross-sectional direct observational study. BMJ Qual Saf. 2020;29(1):19\u201330.","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"2755_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1177\/0253717620977000","volume":"43","author":"C Andrade","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andrade C. The Inconvenient Truth about Convenience and Purposive Samples. Indian J Psychol Med. 2020;43(1):86\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"key":"2755_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsyouf A, Lutfi A, Al-Bsheish M, Jarrar Mt, Al-Mugheed K, Almaiah MA et al. Exposure detection Applications Acceptance: the case of COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(12).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127307"},{"issue":"2","key":"2755_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334420906850","volume":"36","author":"AE Berndt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berndt AE. Sampling methods. J Hum Lactation. 2020;36(2):224\u20136.","journal-title":"J Hum Lactation"},{"issue":"2","key":"2755_CR48","first-page":"432","volume":"9","author":"NA Bedier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bedier NA, El-Ata ABA, Shehab MS. Effect of educational program on nurses\u2019 practice related to care of patients undergoing nasogastric tube feeding. Int J Caring Sci. 2016;9(2):432.","journal-title":"Int J Caring Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2755_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12840","volume":"29","author":"A Beissel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Beissel A, Denis A, Laborie S, Pillet F, Gauthier-Moulinier H, Hommey S, et al. Impact of a nurse education programme on oral feeding in a neonatal unit. Nurs Crit Care. 2024;29(2):287\u201395.","journal-title":"Nurs Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2755_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2018.04.001","volume":"32","author":"H Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim H, Chang SJ. Implementing an educational program to improve critical care nurses\u2019 enteral nutritional support. Australian Crit Care. 2019;32(3):218\u201322.","journal-title":"Australian Crit Care"},{"key":"2755_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-012-9673-8","volume":"34","author":"S Dashti-Khavidaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dashti-Khavidaki S, Badri S, Eftekharzadeh S-Z, Keshtkar A, Khalili H. The role of clinical pharmacist to improve medication administration through enteral feeding tubes by nurses. Int J Clin Pharm. 2012;34:757\u201364.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"2755_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossaini Alhashemi S, Ghorbani R, Vazin A. Improving knowledge, attitudes, and practice of nurses in medication administration through enteral feeding tubes by clinical pharmacists: a case\u2013control study. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2019:493\u2013500.","DOI":"10.2147\/AMEP.S203680"},{"issue":"2","key":"2755_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2020.12.015","volume":"29","author":"N Abu Hdaib","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abu Hdaib N, Albsoul-Younes A, Wazaify M. Oral medications administration through enteral feeding tube: clinical pharmacist-led educational intervention to improve knowledge of intensive care units\u2019 nurses at Jordan University Hospital. Saudi Pharm J. 2021;29(2):134\u201342.","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"}],"container-title":["BMC Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12912-025-02755-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12912-025-02755-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12912-025-02755-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T11:47:18Z","timestamp":1739188038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12912-025-02755-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-025-02755-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable because systematic review studies do not receive any information directly from participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"155"}}