{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T17:12:32Z","timestamp":1784740352795,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shenzhen Health Economics Society Research Fund Project","award":["202336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202336"]}]},{"name":"Nursing discipline research topic of Chinese Medical Association journal","award":["CMAPH-NRG2022042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMAPH-NRG2022042"]}]},{"name":"the Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital Nursing Research Fund Internal Project","award":["SYHL2024-N0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SYHL2024-N0005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nurs"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-02851-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T08:10:37Z","timestamp":1740471037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["What is behind the high turnover intention among hospital nurses during the full liberalization of COVID-19 and the postpandemic era in China: a 2-wave multicentre cross-sectional comparison study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Julan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueming","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunfeng","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shening","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aihuan","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongying","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weisi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haishan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weixiang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"2851_CR1","first-page":"2695","volume":"11","author":"SJ Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han SJ, Lee SY, Kim SE. An exploratory study of psychological distress, professional quality of life, Effort-Reward imbalance, and turnover intention of hospital nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthc (Basel). 2023;11(19):2695.","journal-title":"Healthc (Basel)"},{"key":"2851_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179755","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1179755","volume":"11","author":"J Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao J, Liu L, Peng Y, et al. Anxiety, depression, and insomnia among nurses during the full liberalization of COVID-19: a multicenter cross-sectional analysis of the high-income region in China. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1179755.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2851_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18223-4","volume":"24","author":"S Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang S, Luo G, Ding X, et al. Factors associated with burnout among frontline nurses in the post-COVID-19 epidemic era: a multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):688.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"2851_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15752","volume":"30","author":"EY Doo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Doo EY, Kim M, Lee S, Lee SY, Lee KY. Influence of anxiety and resilience on depression among hospital nurses: A comparison of nurses working with confirmed and suspected patients in the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 units. J Clin Nurs. 2021;30(13\u201314):1990\u20132000.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"2851_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep11040075","volume":"11","author":"R Falatah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Falatah R. The impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on nurses\u2019 turnover intention: an integrative review. Nurs Rep. 2021;11(4):787\u2013810.","journal-title":"Nurs Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2851_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13168","volume":"29","author":"LJ Labrague","year":"2021","unstructured":"Labrague LJ, de Los Santos JAA. Fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses. J Nurs Manag. 2021;29(3):395\u2013403.","journal-title":"J Nurs Manag"},{"issue":"7","key":"2851_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8791","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-11235-8","volume":"28","author":"RM Said","year":"2021","unstructured":"Said RM, El-Shafei DA. Occupational stress, job satisfaction, and intent to leave: nurses working on front lines during COVID-19 pandemic in Zagazig City, Egypt. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021;28(7):8791\u2013801.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"issue":"23","key":"2851_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9096","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17239096","volume":"17","author":"K Batra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Batra K, Singh TP, Sharma M, Batra R, Schvaneveldt N. Investigating the psychological impact of COVID-19 among healthcare workers: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(23):9096.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2851_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7475\/kjan.2018.30.1.1","volume":"30","author":"Y Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee Y, Kang J. Related factors of turnover intention among Korean hospital nurses: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Korean J Adult Nurs. 2018;30(1):1\u201317.","journal-title":"Korean J Adult Nurs"},{"issue":"14","key":"2851_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8682","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148682","volume":"19","author":"ILR Djupedal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Djupedal ILR, Pallesen S, Harris A, Waage S, Bjorvatn B, Vedaa \u00d8. Changes in the work schedule of nurses related to the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship with sleep and turnover intention. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(14):8682.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"2851_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14545","volume":"76","author":"Z Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Z, Cao J, Wu X, Li F, Zhu C. Intention to leave among newly graduated nurses: A descriptive, multicenter study. J Adv Nurs. 2020;76(12):3429\u2013 3439.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"2851_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2006.03796.x","volume":"54","author":"CS Chang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chang CS, Du PL, Huang IC. Nurses\u2019 perceptions of severe acute respiratory syndrome: relationship between commitment and intention to leave nursing. J Adv Nurs. 2006;54(2):171\u2013179.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2851_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051895","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1051895","volume":"10","author":"Y Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang Y, Dias Martins LM, Wang SB, He QX, Huang HG. The impact of nurses\u2019 sense of security on turnover intention during the normalization of COVID-19 epidemic: the mediating role of work engagement. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1051895.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2851_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12827","volume":"71","author":"JP Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen JP, Dai YM, Qin Y, et al. Factors influencing turnover intention among male nurses in China: A large-scale descriptive correlational study. Int Nurs Rev. 2024;71(1):13\u201319.","journal-title":"Int Nurs Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2851_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1378","volume":"10","author":"T Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang T, Abrantes ACM, Liu Y. Intensive care units nurses\u2019 burnout, organizational commitment, turnover intention and hospital workplace violence: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Open. 2023;10(2):1102\u20131115.","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"2851_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15124","volume":"78","author":"X Chu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chu X, Zhang L, Li M. Nurses\u2019 strengths use and turnover intention: the roles of job crafting and self-efficacy. J Adv Nurs. 2022;78(7):2075\u20132084.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"2851_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-020-1083-8","volume":"21","author":"H Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang H, Jin Y, Wang D, Zhao S, Sang X, Yuan B. Job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention among primary care providers in rural China: results from structural equation modeling. BMC Fam Pract. 2020;21(1):12.","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"2851_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13718","volume":"74","author":"D Aluwihare-Samaranayake","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aluwihare-Samaranayake D, Gellatly I, Cummings G, et al. A contextual work-life experiences model to understand nurse commitment and turnover. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74:2053\u20132063.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"2851_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11060456","volume":"11","author":"AJ Nashwan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nashwan AJ, Abujaber AA, Villar RC, Nazarene A, Al-Jabry MM, Fradelos EC. Comparing the impact of COVID-19 on nurses\u2019 turnover intentions before and during the pandemic in Qatar. J Pers Med. 2021;11(6):456.","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"2851_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2020.103809","volume":"114","author":"R Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng R, Zhou Y, Fu Y, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among nurses during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021;114:103809.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"9","key":"2851_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5452","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8284","volume":"53","author":"S Trauzettel-Klosinski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Trauzettel-Klosinski S, Dietz K, IReST Study Group. Standardized assessment of reading performance: the new international reading speed texts IReST. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53(9):5452\u20135461.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2851_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","volume":"24","author":"S Cohen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24(4):385\u2013396.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"2851_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.04.006","volume":"35","author":"RD Kocalevent","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kocalevent RD, Hinz A, Br\u00e4hler E. Standardization of the depression screener patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013;35(5):551\u2013555.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"18","key":"2851_CR24","first-page":"1737","volume":"282","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB. Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. Primary care evaluation of mental disorders. Patient Health Questionnaire JAMA. 1999;282(18):1737\u20131744.","journal-title":"Patient Health Questionnaire JAMA"},{"key":"2851_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.028","volume":"87","author":"L Kang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:11\u201317.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2851_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morin CM, Belleville G, B\u00e9langer L, Ivers H. The Insomnia Severity. Index: psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response. Sleep. 2011;34(5):601\u2013608.","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.5.601"},{"key":"2851_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gullo S, Gelo OCG, Bassi G, et al. The role of emotion regulation and intolerance to uncertainty on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and distress. Curr Psychol. 2022; 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-03071-5"},{"key":"2851_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang A, Liu L, Wang X, et al. Intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety among college students during the re-emergence of COVID-19: Mediation effects of cognitive emotion regulation and moderation effects of family function. J Affect Disord. 2023;327:378\u2013384.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.01.110"},{"key":"2851_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu B, Fu S. Perceived Poverty and Life Satisfaction in College Students with Impoverished Backgrounds: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2022;15:327\u2013337.","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S349907"},{"key":"2851_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu H, Wang C, Lan Y, Wu X. Nurses\u2019 turnover intention, hope and career identity: the mediating role of job satisfaction. BMC Nurs. 2022;21(1):43.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-022-00821-5"},{"key":"2851_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang SW, Liu LL, Peng XD, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a 3-wave repeated survey. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):336.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03968-2"},{"key":"2851_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding J, Wu Y. The mediating effect of job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion on the relationship between psychological empowerment and turnover intention among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2023;22(1):221.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-023-01357-y"},{"key":"2851_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Cordova PB, Johansen ML, Grafova IB, Crincoli S, Prado J, Pogorzelska-Maziarz M. Burnout and intent to leave during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study of New Jersey hospital nurses. J Nurs Manag. 2022;30(6):1913\u20131921.","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13647"},{"key":"2851_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":">Qin N, Yao Z, Guo M. The role of bidirectional associations between depression, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion on turnover intention among nurses: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China. BMC Nurs. 2023;22(1):350.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-023-01516-1"},{"key":"2851_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modaresnezhad M, Andrews MC, Mesmer-Magnus J, Viswesvaran C, Deshpande S. Anxiety, job satisfaction, supervisor support and turnover intentions of mid-career nurses: A structural equation model analysis. J Nurs Manag. 2021;29(5):931\u2013942.","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13229"},{"key":"2851_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brossoit RM, Crain TL, Hammer LB, Lee S, Bodner TE, Buxton OM. Associations among patient care workers\u2019 schedule control, sleep, job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Stress Health. 2020;36(4):442\u2013456.","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2941"},{"key":"2851_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bae SH, Cho M, Kim O, et al. Predictors of actual turnover among nurses working in Korean hospitals: A nationwide longitudinal survey study. J Nurs Manag. 2021;29(7):2102\u20132114.","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13347"},{"key":"2851_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tabur A, Elkefi S, Emhan A, Mengenci C, Bez Y, Asan O. Anxiety, Burnout and Depression, Psychological Well-Being as Predictor of Healthcare Professionals\u2019 Turnover during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Study in a Pandemic Hospital. Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10(3):525.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10030525"},{"key":"2851_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowman MA, Cunningham TJ, Levin-Aspenson HF, et al. Anxious, but not depressive, symptoms are associated with poorer prospective memory performance in healthy college students: Preliminary evidence using the tripartite model of anxiety and depression. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2019;41(7):694\u2013703.","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2019.1611741"},{"key":"2851_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang F, Lin C, Li X, et al. The relationships between burnout, general wellbeing, and psychological detachment with turnover intention in Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1216810.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1216810"},{"key":"2851_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang L, Li H, Li X, et al. Current occupational well-being status and protective and risk factors of male nurses in Chengdu, China: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Open. 2022;9(3):1700\u20131708.","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1194"},{"key":"2851_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anglim J, Horwood S, Smillie LD, Marrero RJ, Wood JK. Predicting psychological and subjective well-being from personality: A meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 2020;146(4):279\u2013323.","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000226"},{"key":"2851_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gebregziabher D, Berhanie E, Berihu H, Belstie A, Teklay G. The relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention among nurses in Axum comprehensive and specialized hospital Tigray, Ethiopia. BMC Nurs. 2020;19:79.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-020-00468-0"},{"key":"2851_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dall\u2019Ora C, Ball J, Reinius M, Griffiths P. Burnout in nursing: a theoretical review. Hum Resour Health. 2020;18(1):41.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-020-00469-9"},{"key":"2851_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Wang H, Sun D, et al. Job satisfaction, resilience and social support in relation to nurses\u2019 turnover intention based on the theory of planned behaviour: A structural equation modelling approach. Int J Nurs Pract. 2021;27(6):e12941.","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12941"},{"key":"2851_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao J, Jia Z, Zhu C, et al. Nurses\u2019 turnover intention and associated factors in general hospitals in China: A cross-sectional study. J Nurs Manag. 2021;29(6):1613\u20131622.","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13295"},{"key":"2851_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen H, Li G, Li M, Lyu L, Zhang T. A cross-sectional study on nurse turnover intention and influencing factors in Jiangsu Province, China. Int J Nurs Sci. 2018;5(4):396\u2013402.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2018.09.012"},{"key":"2851_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang J, You L, Ma C, Altares D, Sloane DM, Aiken LH. Nurse employment contracts in Chinese hospitals: impact of inequitable benefit structures on nurse and patient satisfaction. Hum Resour Health. 2014;12:1.","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4491-12-1"},{"key":"2851_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ying L, Fitzpatrick JM, Philippou J, Huang W, Rafferty AM. The organisational context of nursing practice in hospitals in China and its relationship with quality of care, and patient and nurse outcomes: A mixed-methods review. J Clin Nurs. 2021;30(1\u20132):3\u201327.","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15486"},{"key":"2851_CR50","unstructured":"Li HY, Li QJ, Zheng SH, et al. Establishment of an evaluation index system for measuring management competencies of head nurses by using Delphi method. Journal of Nursing Science. 2011."},{"key":"2851_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51.Yang H, Lv J, Zhou X, Liu H, Mi B. Validation of work pressure and associated factors influencing hospital nurse turnover: a cross-sectional investigation in Shaanxi Province, China. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):112.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2056-z"}],"container-title":["BMC Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12912-025-02851-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12912-025-02851-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12912-025-02851-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T08:10:59Z","timestamp":1740471059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12912-025-02851-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2851"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-025-02851-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5257180\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1472-6955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was in line with ethical principles, and the contents of the questionnaire didn\u2019t involve private and sensitive topics such as names. More importantly, the study was conducted in strict accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. And the study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Board of Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital (Approval No. LL-KY\u22122023107\u221201). All individuals were given information about introducing the study and notified about their own right to withdraw at any time, and informed consent was sought from all eligible participants, which illustrated that they had understood the study in its entirety.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"211"}}