{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:18:26Z","timestamp":1793121506939,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nurs"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-03568-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T18:43:54Z","timestamp":1752777834000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analysis of risk factors for subjective stress among nurses caring for patients with delirium: a cross-sectional, multicentre survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Tianxiang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangling","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weili","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haochong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3568_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1263","volume":"9","author":"C Muzzana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Muzzana C, Mantovan F, Huber MK, Trevisani K, Niederbacher S, Kugler A, Ausserhofer D. Delirium in elderly postoperative patients: A prospective cohort study. Nurs Open. 2022;9(5):2461\u201372.","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"3568_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1471","volume":"10","author":"M Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda M, S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez E, Fern\u00e1ndez-Trinidad M. Managing delirium in acute inpatient units: A cross-sectional study of nursing teams\u2019 knowledge and perceived limitations. Nurs Open. 2023;10(4):2213\u201321.","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"3568_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00223-4","volume":"6","author":"JE Wilson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilson JE, Mart MF, Cunningham C, Shehabi Y, Girard TD, MacLullich AMJ, Slooter AJC, Ely EW. Delirium. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):90.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"3568_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12250","volume":"23","author":"J Piao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Piao J, Jin Y, Lee SM. Triggers and nursing influences on delirium in intensive care units. Nurs Crit Care. 2018;23(1):8\u201315.","journal-title":"Nurs Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"3568_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-021-01619-w","volume":"45","author":"PR Kappen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kappen PR, Kakar E, Dirven CMF, van der Jagt M, Klimek M, Osse RJ, Vincent A. Delirium in neurosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev. 2022;45(1):329\u201341.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"3568_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101","DOI":"10.1097\/jnr.0000000000000384","volume":"28","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang L, Gong F, Ai Y. Incidence and risk factors for delirium in older patients following intensive care unit admission: A prospective observational study. J Nurs Res. 2020;28(4):e101.","journal-title":"J Nurs Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3568_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000356","volume":"16","author":"G Silver","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silver G, Traube C, Gerber LM, Sun X, Kearney J, Patel A, Greenwald B. Pediatric delirium and associated risk factors: a single-center prospective observational study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2015;16(4):303\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3568_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819b5bc2","volume":"110","author":"PJ Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith PJ, Attix DK, Weldon BC, Greene NH, Monk TG. Executive function and depression as independent risk factors for postoperative delirium. Anesthesiology. 2009;110(4):781\u20137.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"3568_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimitriadou I, Fradelos EC, Skoularigis J, Toska A, Vogiatzis I, Papagiannis D, et al. The impact of delirium on clinical and functional outcomes in hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome. Nurs Crit Care 2024;29(6):1236\u201344.","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.13079"},{"key":"3568_CR10","first-page":"875196","volume":"2011","author":"J Cerejeira","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cerejeira J, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB. A clinical update on delirium: from early recognition to effective management. Nurs Res Pract. 2011;2011:875196.","journal-title":"Nurs Res Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"3568_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12229","volume":"20","author":"L van de Steeg","year":"2014","unstructured":"van de Steeg L, Langelaan M, Ijkema R, Nugus P, Wagner C. Improving delirium care for hospitalized older patients. A qualitative study identifying barriers to guideline adherence. J Eval Clin Pract. 2014;20(6):813\u20139.","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"key":"3568_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103691","volume":"83","author":"LO G\u00f3mez Tovar","year":"2024","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez Tovar LO, Henao Casta\u00f1o AM. Dynamic delirium - Nursing intervention to reduce delirium in patients critically ill, a randomized control trial. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2024;83:103691.","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"3568_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e222","DOI":"10.1097\/jnr.0000000000000497","volume":"30","author":"XP Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang XP, Lv D, Chen YF, Chen N, Li XD, Xu CF, Li Y, Tian L. Impact of pain, agitation, and delirium bundle on delirium and cognitive function. J Nurs Res. 2022;30(4):e222.","journal-title":"J Nurs Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3568_CR14","first-page":"2","volume":"1","author":"P Yue","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yue P, Wang L, Liu C, Wu Y. A qualitative study on experience of nurses caring for patients with delirium in ICUs in china: barriers, burdens and decision making dilemmas. Int J Nurs Sci. 2015;1(2):2\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Sci"},{"key":"3568_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.09.002","volume":"44","author":"A LeBlanc","year":"2018","unstructured":"LeBlanc A, Bourbonnais FF, Harrison D, Tousignant K. The experience of intensive care nurses caring for patients with delirium: A phenomenological study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2018;44:92\u20138.","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"3568_CR16","first-page":"530","volume":"37","author":"T Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang T, Tung TH, Wang Y, Zheng XT, Jia L, Zhang W. Difficulties faced by intensive care nurses in caring for patients with delirium: A cross-sectional, multicentre study. Aust Crit Care. 2024;37(4):530\u20138.","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"issue":"17\u201318","key":"3568_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2012.04130.x","volume":"21","author":"S Mc Donnell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mc Donnell S, Timmins F. A quantitative exploration of the subjective burden experienced by nurses when caring for patients with delirium. J Clin Nurs. 2012;21(17\u201318):2488\u201398.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"3568_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06860-z","volume":"21","author":"H Tan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tan H, Zhou L, Wu S, Dong Q, Yang L, Xu J, Zhao S, Wang X, Yang H. Subjective strain of care experienced by pulmonary and critical care medical nurses when caring for patients with delirium: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):808.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3568_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.50.3.571","volume":"50","author":"S Folkman","year":"1986","unstructured":"Folkman S, Lazarus RS, Gruen RJ, DeLongis A. Appraisal, coping, health status, and psychological symptoms. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;50(3):571\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3568_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","volume":"41","author":"F Faul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149\u201360.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"3568_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2004.03.005","volume":"41","author":"K Milisen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Milisen K, Cremers S, Foreman MD, Vandevelde E, Haspeslagh M, Geest SD, Abraham I. The strain of care for delirium index: a new instrument to assess nurses\u2019 strain in caring for patients with delirium. Int J Nurs Stud. 2004;41(7):775\u201383.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"21","key":"3568_CR22","first-page":"4012","volume":"48","author":"L CQ","year":"2021","unstructured":"CQ L, YL G, YP Y. Reliability and validity of Chinese version of the strain of care for delirium index. Mod Prev Med. 2021;48(21):4012\u20135. [in Chinese].","journal-title":"Mod Prev Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3568_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v14.i4.553","volume":"14","author":"Y Xin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xin Y, Lin FC, Huang C, He B, Yan YL, Wang S, Zhang GM, Li R. Nurse anesthetists\u2019 perceptions and experiences of managing emergence delirium: A qualitative study. World J Psychiatry. 2024;14(4):553\u201362.","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3568_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-5005-1","volume":"20","author":"C Hercus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hercus C, Hudaib AR. Delirium misdiagnosis risk in psychiatry: a machine learning-logistic regression predictive algorithm. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20(1):151.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3568_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2011.14","volume":"146","author":"TN Robinson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Robinson TN, Raeburn CD, Tran ZV, Brenner LA, Moss M. Motor subtypes of postoperative delirium in older adults. Arch Surg. 2011;146(3):295\u2013300.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3568_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.50.3.248","volume":"50","author":"FM Yang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yang FM, Marcantonio ER, Inouye SK, Kiely DK, Rudolph JL, Fearing MA, Jones RN. Phenomenological subtypes of delirium in older persons: patterns, prevalence, and prognosis. Psychosomatics. 2009;50(3):248\u201354.","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3568_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e065037","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-065037","volume":"13","author":"T Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang T, Jiang X, Wei J, Zhao J, Li Z, Li H. Mediating effects of psychological capital on the relationship between workplace violence and professional identity among nurses working in Chinese public psychiatric hospitals: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2023;13(1):e065037.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"3568_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584040","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.584040","volume":"11","author":"G Shan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shan G, Wang S, Wang W, Guo S, Li Y. Presenteeism in nurses: prevalence, consequences, and causes from the perspectives of nurses and chief nurses. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:584040.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3568_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-02431-9","volume":"23","author":"AJ Ferede","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferede AJ, Gezie LD, Geda B, Salih MH, Erlandsson K, Wettergren L. Nurses\u2019 perceptions of caring behaviors at referral hospitals in ethiopia: A mixed-methods approach. BMC Nurs. 2024;23(1):767.","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"3568_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-023-01452-0","volume":"22","author":"J Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang J, Han P, Liu Y, Wu Q, Shao H, Duan X, Shi Y. Promotion factors of emergency nurses\u2019 post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic in shanghai: a qualitative study. BMC Nurs. 2023;22(1):298.","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"5","key":"3568_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2022.09.006","volume":"36","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Y, Li L, Tan S, Guan Y, Luo X. Psychological stress and associated factors in caring for patients with delirium among intensive care unit nurses: A cross-sectional study. Aust Crit Care. 2023;36(5):793\u20138.","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"3568_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009678","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009678","volume":"6","author":"D Palacios-Ce\u00f1a","year":"2016","unstructured":"Palacios-Ce\u00f1a D, Cach\u00f3n-P\u00e9rez JM, Mart\u00ednez-Piedrola R, Gueita-Rodriguez J, Perez-de-Heredia M. Fern\u00e1ndez-de-las-Pe\u00f1as C: how do Doctors and nurses manage delirium in intensive care units? A qualitative study using focus groups. BMJ Open. 2016;6(1):e009678.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"23\u201324","key":"3568_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4574","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13799","volume":"26","author":"Y Kang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang Y, Moyle W, Cooke M, O\u2019Dwyer S. Qualitative evaluation of a delirium prevention and management programme. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(23\u201324):4574\u201382.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"3568_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.104157","volume":"127","author":"XM Lim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lim XM, Lim ZHT, Ignacio J. Nurses\u2019 experiences in the management of delirium among older persons in acute care ward settings: A qualitative systematic review and meta-aggregation. Int J Nurs Stud. 2022;127:104157.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"3568_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnx153","volume":"59","author":"EM Schmitt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schmitt EM, Gallagher J, Albuquerque A, Tabloski P, Lee HJ, Gleason L, Weiner LS, Marcantonio ER, Jones RN, Inouye SK, et al. Perspectives on the delirium experience and its burden: common themes among older patients, their family caregivers, and nurses. Gerontologist. 2019;59(2):327\u201337.","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"3568_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eagles D, Cheung WJ, Avlijas T, Yadav K, Ohle R, Taljaard M, Molnar F, Stiell IG. Barriers and facilitators to nursing delirium screening in older emergency patients: a qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework. Age Ageing 2022;51(1).","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab256"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"3568_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14709","volume":"28","author":"S Kristiansen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kristiansen S, Konradsen H, Beck M. Nurses\u2019 experiences of caring for older patients afflicted by delirium in a neurological department. J Clin Nurs. 2019;28(5\u20136):920\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"3568_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al\u0131c\u0131 \u015e, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk Birge A. The frequency of sepsis-associated delirium in intensive care unit and its effect on nurse workload. J Clin Nurs 2025;34(4):1383\u201397.","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.17298"},{"issue":"1","key":"3568_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep11010016","volume":"11","author":"N Thomas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thomas N, Coleman M, Terry D. Nurses\u2019 experience of caring for patients with delirium: systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis. Nurs Rep. 2021;11(1):164\u201374.","journal-title":"Nurs Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"3568_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12643","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12643","volume":"24","author":"J Brooke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brooke J, Manneh C. Caring for a patient with delirium in an acute hospital: the lived experience of cardiology, elderly care, renal, and respiratory nurses. Int J Nurs Pract. 2018;24(4):e12643.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Pract"},{"issue":"15\u201316","key":"3568_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15300","volume":"29","author":"C Emme","year":"2020","unstructured":"Emme C. It should not be that difficult to manage a condition that is so frequent: A qualitative study on hospital nurses\u2019 experience of delirium guidelines. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(15\u201316):2849\u201362.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"}],"container-title":["BMC Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12912-025-03568-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12912-025-03568-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12912-025-03568-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T13:35:15Z","timestamp":1757252115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12912-025-03568-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-025-03568-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Ethics Committee of Taizhou Hospital in Zhejiang Province approved this study (approval number K20221230). The study adhered strictly to the ethical principles articulated in the Declaration of Helsinki. Before the study, the participants were thoroughly informed of the objectives, significance, and expected outcomes of this research. Permission and informed consent were received from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"936"}}