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Despite growing awareness, research on specific training needs remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess and classify the training needs of nursing students in palliative care education by using K-means clustering.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected in March 2023 from nursing students at a medical university in southwestern China through an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographics and the Nurses Receiving In-service Palliative Care Education Needs Scale. Subsequently, K-means clustering was used to analyze the collected data, aiming to identify distinct profiles of nursing students with similar palliative care training needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 695 nursing students participated in the study, with a mean age of 22.40 years and 87.6% being female. Most of the students lacked experience in terminal care (80.4%) and nontextbook palliative care knowledge (74.4%). Nursing students prioritized training needs in ethical issues and teamwork (mean score: 3.71), communication and consultation (mean score: 3.69), and managing symptoms and pain relief (mean score: 3.69), while cultural and spiritual considerations ranked lowest (3.41). K-means clustering identified two distinct profiles: high-level needs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009393) and moderate-level needs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009302). High-need students reported significantly lower exposure to nontextbook palliative care knowledge compared to moderate-need students (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nursing students exhibit high-level needs of palliative care training, particularly in ethical issues and teamwork, communication and counseling, and handling of symptoms and pain relief. K-means clustering identified two profiles: high-level needs and moderate-level needs groups, differentiated by nontextbook learning exposure. Nursing educators should urgently consider redesigning palliative care training curricula, addressing resource accessibility gaps, and tailoring programs to cluster-specific needs to improve palliative care preparedness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-03797-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T13:05:51Z","timestamp":1759755951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessing nursing students\u2019 palliative care training needs and profiles: a cross-sectional study using K-means clustering"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Liu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingjie","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon Ching","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renli","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3797_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/23809000.2017.1400911","volume":"2","author":"MP Davis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Davis MP, Hui D. 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