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Nurse-led childbirth preparedness may strengthen coping confidence and improve intrapartum outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the effect of nursing-led childbirth preparedness sessions on childbirth self-efficacy, anxiety, pain intensity, labor duration, and mode of delivery among primiparous women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A quasi-experimental post-test-only non-equivalent control group study was conducted at Kasr Al-Ainy University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. A purposive sample of 140 low-risk primiparous women was allocated to an intervention group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200970) and a control group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200970). The intervention comprised two structured nurse-led group sessions (\u224845\u2009minutes each) delivered at 32\u201334\u2009weeks\u2019 gestation, a supportive Arabic booklet, and weekly follow-up phone calls. Outcomes were measured during labor using the Arabic Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (ACSEI), the Anxiety Assessment Scale for Pregnant Women in Labor (AASPWL), and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, with labor duration and mode of delivery extracted from clinical records. Group comparisons were performed using independent\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests and chi-square tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women who received the preparedness sessions demonstrated significantly higher total childbirth self-efficacy than controls (ACSEI: 226.07\u2009\u00b1\u20097.12 vs 200.25\u2009\u00b1\u20095.96;\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200923.27,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Anxiety levels differed significantly, with a higher proportion of low anxiety in the intervention group (51.4% vs 22.9%; \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200914.53,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). Mean pain scores were lower in the intervention group during latent (4.66\u2009\u00b1\u20090.68 vs 4.96\u2009\u00b1\u20090.82;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.020) and active acceleration phases (6.07\u2009\u00b1\u20090.80 vs 7.14\u2009\u00b1\u20090.98;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). First-stage labor duration was shorter in the intervention group (8.85\u2009\u00b1\u20091.89 vs 10.17\u2009\u00b1\u20091.94\u2009hours;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), as was second-stage duration (63.9\u2009\u00b1\u200922.6 vs 89.6\u2009\u00b1\u200926.3\u2009minutes;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Mode of delivery also differed significantly (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20097.24,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027), with lower cesarean section rates in the intervention group (17.1% vs 34.3%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nursing-led childbirth preparedness sessions were associated with higher childbirth self-efficacy and lower anxiety and pain, as well as shorter labor duration and fewer cesarean births among primiparous women. Given the quasi-experimental design, results should be interpreted as associations and warrant confirmation in randomized multi-center studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable (quasi-experimental, non-randomized study).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-026-04404-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T17:03:26Z","timestamp":1772471006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nursing-led childbirth preparedness sessions: enhancing self-efficacy and maternal outcomes among primiparous women"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Huda Hamdy","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azza Ali","family":"Abd El Hamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagwa Abd-El","family":"Fadeel Afefy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine Alaa","family":"Sherif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahar Mansour","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4404_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olza I, Leahy-Warren P, Benyamini Y, Kazmierczak M, Karlsdottir SI, Spyridou A, et al. 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Official administrative permission was also secured from Kasr Al-Ainy University Hospital prior to data collection. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All Primiparous women were fully informed about the study\u2019s purpose, procedures, potential benefits, and their right to withdraw at any time without any effect on the care they received. Written informed consent was obtained from all Primiparous women before enrollment. Confidentiality and anonymity were strictly maintained throughout the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. No individual-level identifiable data, images, or personal information are included in this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"323"}}