{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T12:08:24Z","timestamp":1776254904188,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nurs"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-026-04521-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T09:03:41Z","timestamp":1773047021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effects of the forgetting curve in the training of knee arthroplasty surgical instrument nurses: a pilot randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qimei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuchen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanhua","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingjuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6764-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4521_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1903768","volume":"384","author":"L Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma L. Osteoarthritis of the Knee. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(1):51\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4521_CR2","first-page":"18","volume":"5","author":"FH Nham","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nham FH, Patel I, Zalikha AK, El-Othmani MM. Epidemiology of primary and revision total knee arthroplasty: analysis of demographics, comorbidities and outcomes from the national inpatient sample. Arthroplasty (London England). 2023;5(1):18.","journal-title":"Arthroplasty (London England)"},{"issue":"9","key":"4521_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37240","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037240","volume":"103","author":"M Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang M, Gong SG, Xie R. Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative nursing care of elderly patients with hip and knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2024;103(9):e37240.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"4521_CR4","first-page":"840","volume":"40","author":"Y Su","year":"2023","unstructured":"Su Y, Hua RF, Pei FF, et al. The role of informational nurses in the handling of emergency surgical instruments in the central sterile supply department[J]. Chin J Disinfection. 2023;40(11):840\u2013842846.","journal-title":"Chin J Disinfection"},{"issue":"6","key":"4521_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2023.0168","volume":"158","author":"HC Cousins","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cousins HC, Cahan EM, Steere JT, Maloney WJ, Goodman SB, Miller MD, et al. Assessment of Team Dynamics and Operative Efficiency in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. JAMA Surg. 2023;158(6):603\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"4521_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2019.1570098","volume":"41","author":"K Boutis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boutis K, Pecaric M, Carri\u00e8re B, Stimec J, Willan A, Chan J, et al. The effect of testing and feedback on the forgetting curves for radiograph interpretation skills. Med Teach. 2019;41(7):756\u201364.","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"issue":"3","key":"4521_CR7","first-page":"99","volume":"15","author":"RC Cort\u00e9s","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cort\u00e9s RC, Jim\u00e9nez FJG, Moreno GG, Par\u00eds MAH, Ruiz FMP, Cruz AC. Impact of the forgetting curve on cognitive skills in basic life support. JETT. 2024;15(3):99\u2013111.","journal-title":"JETT"},{"key":"4521_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chun BA, Heo HJ, editors. The effect of flipped learning on academic performance as an innovative method for overcoming ebbinghaus\u2019 forgetting curve. Proceedings of the 6th international conference on information and education technology; 2018.","DOI":"10.1145\/3178158.3178206"},{"issue":"15","key":"4521_CR9","first-page":"1142","volume":"40","author":"H Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu H, Yu X, Yin C, Xu. Minjun.Application of the forgetting curve combined with blended learning in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation nursing training for ICU nurses[J]. Chin J Practical Nurs. 2024;40(15):1142\u20138.","journal-title":"Chin J Practical Nurs"},{"issue":"7","key":"4521_CR10","first-page":"8214","volume":"13","author":"W Qian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qian W, Qian L, Xu Q, Lu L. The effects of Roy\u2019s adaptation model and the forgetting curve in the clinical instruction of operating room nursing interns. Am J translational Res. 2021;13(7):8214\u201320.","journal-title":"Am J translational Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"4521_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci15091161","volume":"15","author":"N Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang N, Griggs JA, Caskey CJ, Bain JL. Navigating the Forgetting Curve: A Longitudinal Study of Knowledge Retention and Confidence Dynamics in Dental Education. Educ Sci. 2025;15(9):1161.","journal-title":"Educ Sci"},{"key":"4521_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2021.104845","volume":"100","author":"A Montgomery","year":"2021","unstructured":"Montgomery A, Chang HR, Ho MH, Smerdely P, Traynor V. The use and effect of OSCES in post-registration nurses: An integrative review. Nurse Educ Today. 2021;100:104845.","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"4521_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2013.10.001","volume":"20","author":"Y-C Kuo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuo Y-C, Walker AE, Schroder KE, Belland BR, Interaction. Internet self-efficacy, and self-regulated learning as predictors of student satisfaction in online education courses. internet High Educ. 2014;20:35\u201350.","journal-title":"internet High Educ"},{"issue":"9","key":"4521_CR14","first-page":"856","volume":"62","author":"Q Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen Q, Cao L, Li YC, Wulamu W, Zhang XG. [Outcomes of total knee arthroplasty combined with the modified overlap technique in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with permanent patellar dislocation]. Zhonghua wai ke za zhi. [Chinese J surgery]. 2024;62(9):856\u201363.","journal-title":"[Chinese J surgery]"},{"key":"4521_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ahan EM, Cousins HC, Steere JT, Segovia NA, Miller MD, Amanatullah DF. Influence of team composition on turnover and efficiency of total hip and knee arthroplasty. Bone Joint J. 2021;103-B(2):347\u201352.","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-0170.R2"},{"issue":"8","key":"4521_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v15.i8.713","volume":"15","author":"T Jethi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jethi T, Jain D, Garg R, Selhi HS. Readmission rate and early complications in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: A retrospective study. World J Orthop. 2024;15(8):713\u201321.","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"4521_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70098","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70098","volume":"11","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Li Y, Yuan Z, Geng X, Tian H. Comparison of the accuracy and efficacy of different assistive techniques in primary total knee arthroplasty: A network meta-analysis. J experimental Orthop. 2024;11(4):e70098.","journal-title":"J experimental Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"4521_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.5214\/ans.0972.7531.200408","volume":"20","author":"H Ebbinghaus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ebbinghaus H. Memory: a contribution to experimental psychology. Annals neurosciences. 2013;20(4):155\u20136.","journal-title":"Annals neurosciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"4521_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2024.12.002","volume":"34","author":"W Fang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fang W, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Qin W. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of clinical nurses towards medical device-related pressure injury prevention: A systematic review. J tissue viability. 2025;34(1):100838.","journal-title":"J tissue viability"},{"issue":"1","key":"4521_CR20","first-page":"52","volume":"40","author":"J Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu J, Lu AD, Zhang LP, Zuo YX, Jia YP. [Study of clinical outcome and prognosis in pediatric core binding factor-acute myeloid leukemia]. Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi\u2009=\u2009Zhonghua. xueyexue zazhi. 2019;40(1):52\u20137.","journal-title":"xueyexue zazhi"},{"issue":"5","key":"4521_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2023.104685","volume":"53","author":"R Chiaramonte","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chiaramonte R, D\u2019Amico S, Marletta C, Grasso G, Pirrone S, Bonfiglio M. Impact of Clostridium difficile infection on stroke patients in rehabilitation wards. Infect Dis now. 2023;53(5):104685.","journal-title":"Infect Dis now"},{"key":"4521_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.007","volume":"80","author":"LA Audet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Audet LA, Bourgault P, Rochefort CM. Associations between nurse education and experience and the risk of mortality and adverse events in acute care hospitals: A systematic review of observational studies. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;80:128\u201346.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"4521_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2020.104725","volume":"97","author":"CC Hung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hung CC, Kao HS, Liu HC, Liang HF, Chu TP, Lee BO. Effects of simulation-based learning on nursing students\u2019 perceived competence, self-efficacy, and learning satisfaction: A repeat measurement method. Nurse Educ Today. 2021;97:104725.","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"issue":"1","key":"4521_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05290-9","volume":"24","author":"A Khalafi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khalafi A, Fallah Z, Sharif-Nia H. The effect of spaced learning on the learning outcome and retention of nurse anesthesia students: a randomized-controlled study. BMC Med Educ. 2024;24(1):322.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"}],"container-title":["BMC Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12912-026-04521-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12912-026-04521-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12912-026-04521-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T11:23:34Z","timestamp":1776252214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12912-026-04521-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-026-04521-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study strictly followed the ethics standards defined by the Declaration of Helsinki, and informed consent was obtained from all participants before their participation. The study was reviewed by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (IRB name: Scientific Research Project Review Ethics Committee). Based on the \u201cEthical Review Measures for Biomedical Research Involving Humans\u201d and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and CIOMS ethical guidelines, the committee determined that this project met the exemption criteria and issued an official exemption decision (Approval No: KYLL-MS-011-01-FJ02).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for participation was obtained from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"362"}}