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Official permission was obtained from the institution where the study was conducted. Participation was entirely voluntary, and both written and verbal informed consent were obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participants were clearly informed that their decision to participate or withdraw at any stage would not affect the medical care of the patients they were accompanying. To ensure confidentiality and privacy, no personally identifiable information was collected, and all data were anonymized prior to analysis. The collected data were stored securely and were accessible only to the research team. Recognizing that informal caregivers may constitute a potentially vulnerable group due to their emotional burden, particular attention was given to conducting data collection at appropriate times and in a manner that minimized distress. The study did not interfere with any ongoing treatment processes.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"404"}}