{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T12:50:56Z","timestamp":1782391856731,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nurs"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-026-04795-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T02:17:39Z","timestamp":1779329859000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The weight of caring: emotional labour, burnout risk, and the need for supportive practice environments in Saudi Arabian mental health nursing"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Alya","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bader M.","family":"Almutairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed M.","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norah M.","family":"Alyahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz M.","family":"Alodhailah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faihan F.","family":"Alshaibany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Almutairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"4795_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13037","volume":"31","author":"C Delgado","year":"2022","unstructured":"Delgado C, Evans A, Roche M, Foster K. Mental health nurses\u2019 resilience in the context of emotional labour: An interpretive qualitative study. Int J Mental Health Nurs. 2022;31:1260\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/inm.13037.","journal-title":"Int J Mental Health Nurs"},{"key":"4795_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70137","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.70137","volume":"34","author":"D O\u2019Brien","year":"2025","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien D, Kelly JR, Kelly P. A Systematic Review of Mental Health Nurses\u2019 Perceptions of Their Professional Identity. Int J Mental Health Nurs. 2025;34:e70137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/inm.70137.","journal-title":"Int J Mental Health Nurs"},{"key":"4795_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12986","volume":"31","author":"K Cranage","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cranage K, Foster K. Mental health nurses\u2019 experience of challenging workplace situations: A qualitative descriptive study. Int J Mental Health Nurs. 2022;31:665\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/inm.12986.","journal-title":"Int J Mental Health Nurs"},{"key":"4795_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1479_21","volume":"11","author":"E Sheikhbahaeddinzadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sheikhbahaeddinzadeh E, Ashktorab T, Ebadi A. Technical competency required by postgraduate psychiatric nursing students: A qualitative research. J Educ Health Promotion. 2022;11:320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1479_21.","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promotion"},{"key":"4795_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0349.2010.00691.x","volume":"19","author":"I Engqvist","year":"2010","unstructured":"Engqvist I, Ferszt G, Nilsson K. Swedish registered psychiatric nurses\u2019 descriptions of presence when caring for women with post-partum psychosis: An interview study. Int J Mental Health Nurs. 2010;19:313\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1447-0349.2010.00691.x.","journal-title":"Int J Mental Health Nurs"},{"key":"4795_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733012458607","volume":"20","author":"C Moe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moe C, Kvig EI, Brinchmann B, Brinchmann BS. Working behind the scenes\u2019 An ethical view of mental health nursing and first-episode psychosis. Nurs Ethics. 2013;20:517\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0969733012458607.","journal-title":"Nurs Ethics"},{"key":"4795_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-015-0084-8","volume":"14","author":"K Edward","year":"2015","unstructured":"Edward K, Warelow P, Hemingway S, Hercelinskyj G, Welch A, McAndrew S, et al. Motivations of nursing students regarding their educational preparation for mental health nursing in Australia and the United Kingdom: a survey evaluation. BMC Nurs. 2015;14:29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-015-0084-8.","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"4795_CR8","unstructured":"Oliver K. An assessment of nurses\u2019 experiences of work related stress through self-reporting and hair cortisol analysis, in a metropolitan hospital in Western Australia. PhD Thesis. Edith Cowan University, 2017."},{"key":"4795_CR9","volume-title":"The managed heart: commercialization of human feeling","author":"AR Hochschild","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hochschild AR. The managed heart: commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley u.a: University of California Pr; 1985."},{"key":"4795_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-12514-2","volume-title":"The Emotional Labour of Nursing: Its Importance and Its Meaning","author":"P Smith","year":"1992","unstructured":"Smith P. The Emotional Labour of Nursing: Its Importance and Its Meaning. London: Macmillan Education UK; 1992."},{"key":"4795_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12489","volume":"25","author":"C Odeyemi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Odeyemi C, Morrissey J, Donohue G. Factors affecting mental health nurses working with clients with first-episode psychosis: A qualitative study. Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs. 2018;25:423\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpm.12489.","journal-title":"Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"4795_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987118818857","volume":"24","author":"J Thompson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thompson J, Boden ZV, Newton EK, Fenton K, Hickman G, Larkin M. The experiences of inpatient nursing staff caring for young people with early psychosis. J Res Nurs. 2019;24:75\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1744987118818857.","journal-title":"J Res Nurs"},{"key":"4795_CR13","first-page":"1886","volume-title":"The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume I","author":"S Freud","year":"1892","unstructured":"Freud S, Draft N, Notes III. Extracts from the Fliess Papers. In: Strachey J, editor. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume I. London: Hogarth Press;: Pre-Psycho-Analytic Publications and Unpublished Drafts; 1892. pp. 1886\u201399."},{"key":"4795_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2455","volume":"27","author":"A Stefana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stefana A, Bulgari V, Youngstrom EA, Dakanalis A, Bordin C, Hopwood CJ. Patient personality and psychotherapist reactions in individual psychotherapy setting: a systematic review. Clin Psychol Psychoth. 2020;27:697\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.2455.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychoth"},{"key":"4795_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"001","DOI":"10.29328\/journal.apmh.1001010","volume":"4","author":"JL Turabian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Turabian JL. Transference and countertransference are linked to placebo-nocebo effects and they are an auxiliary resource of unparalleled value in general medicine: Recommendations for general practitioners. Arch Psychiatr Ment Health. 2020;4:001\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29328\/journal.apmh.1001010.","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Ment Health"},{"key":"4795_CR16","volume-title":"Psychodynamic diagnostic manual: PDM-2. Second edition","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lingiardi V, McWilliams N, editors. Psychodynamic diagnostic manual: PDM-2. Second edition. New York: The Guilford Press; 2017."},{"key":"4795_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12696","volume":"29","author":"NM Alyahya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alyahya NM, Munro I, Moss C. The experience of psychosis and recovery from consumers\u2019 perspectives: An integrative literature review. Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs. 2022;29:99\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpm.12696.","journal-title":"Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"4795_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-03758-7","volume":"24","author":"AN Alansari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alansari AN, Omri AE, Singh K. Staff shortages linked to burnout, depression, and anxiety among outpatient nurses: a cross-sectional analysis at Hamad General Hospital, Qatar. BMC Nurs. 2025;24:1118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-025-03758-7.","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"4795_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13212822","volume":"13","author":"E Sorina","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sorina E, Novacescu D, Barb AC, Ciolofan A, Dumitru CS, Zara F, et al. From Burnout to Resilience: Addressing Moral Injury in Nursing Through Organizational Innovation in the Post-Pandemic Era. Healthcare. 2025;13:2822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare13212822.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"4795_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijans.2024.100684","volume":"20","author":"A Masoloko","year":"2024","unstructured":"Masoloko A, Magdalena, Koen P, Maserapelo, Serapelwane G. Exploring coping mechanisms of nurses against burnout in a psychiatric hospital in Botswana. Int J Afr Nurs Sci. 2024;20:100684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijans.2024.100684.","journal-title":"Int J Afr Nurs Sci"},{"key":"4795_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.03.005","volume":"44","author":"SM Alyousef","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alyousef SM, Alhamidi SA. Nurse views of obstacles encountered by nurses in Saudi Arabia during the provision of psychiatric care. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2023;44:8\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.03.005.","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"key":"4795_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8876168","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/8876168","volume":"2024","author":"AM Alsufyani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alsufyani AM, Almalki MS, Khader KA, Stanford P, Freeman S, Alsufyani YM. The Impact of Perceived Emotional Intelligence on Occupational Stress Among Nurses: Empirical Evidence From a Saudi Health Cluster. J Nurs Adm Manag. 2024;2024:8876168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/8876168.","journal-title":"J Nurs Adm Manag"},{"key":"4795_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Manen M. Researching lived experience: human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. 2nd ed. Abingdon (UK): Routledge; 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315421056.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315421056"},{"key":"4795_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003228073","volume-title":"Phenomenology of Practice: Meaning-Giving Methods in Phenomenological Research and Writing","author":"M Van Manen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Van Manen M. Phenomenology of Practice: Meaning-Giving Methods in Phenomenological Research and Writing. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge; 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781003228073.","edition":"2"},{"key":"4795_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2012.01957.x","volume":"20","author":"L Bates","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bates L, Stickley T. Confronting Goffman: how can mental health nurses effectively challenge stigma? A critical review of the literature. Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs. 2013;20:569\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2012.01957.x.","journal-title":"Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"4795_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2020.1789788","volume":"42","author":"J Tyerman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tyerman J, Patovirta A-L, Celestini A. How stigma and discrimination influence nursing care of persons diagnosed with mental illness: a systematic review. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2021;42(2):153\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01612840.2020.1789788.","journal-title":"Issues Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"4795_CR27","unstructured":"Alenezi. The effects of a burnout prevention programme on mental health nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). PhD Thesis. 2017."},{"key":"4795_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70333","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.70333","volume":"28","author":"WJ Parrott","year":"2025","unstructured":"Parrott WJ, Jackson M, Krayer A. Working With People With Experience of Psychosis to Co-Design an Educational and Anti\u2010Stigma Psychosis Intervention for Schools. Health Expect. 2025;28:e70333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hex.70333.","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"key":"4795_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.04.030","volume":"94","author":"M Cooke","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cooke M, Peters E, Fannon D, Anilkumar APP, Aasen I, Kuipers E, et al. Insight, distress and coping styles in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2007;94:12\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2007.04.030.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"4795_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12271","volume":"94","author":"E Ropaj","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ropaj E, Jones A, Dickson JM, Gill Z, Taylor PJ. Are negative beliefs about psychosis associated with emotional distress in adults and young people with such experiences? A meta-analysis. Psychol Psychother. 2021;94:242\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papt.12271.","journal-title":"Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"4795_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640231194490","volume":"69","author":"J Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen J, El-Den S, Pham L, O\u2019Reilly CL, Collins JC. Healthcare professionals\u2019 knowledge, confidence and attitudes in relation to psychosis care: A systematic review. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2023;69:1856\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00207640231194490.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"4795_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Azcoitia S, Alonso-Arbiol I, Bobowik M. The stigma of schizophrenia: differences in cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses between nurses and the broader community. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2025:00207640251398264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00207640251398264.","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640251398264"},{"key":"4795_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2024.2346593","volume":"45","author":"SJ Richards","year":"2024","unstructured":"Richards SJ, O\u2019Connell KA, Dickinson JK. Decreasing Prejudicial Attitudes of Fear and Avoidance Toward Those Who Live with a Mental Illness\u2014A Quasi-Experimental Controlled Study. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2024;45:724\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01612840.2024.2346593.","journal-title":"Issues Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"4795_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.17485\/IJST\/v14i17.437","volume":"14","author":"MS Alshmemri Et Al","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alshmemri Et Al MS. Exploring the cultural competency of Expatriate Nurses working in Saudi Arabia. IJST. 2021;14:1347\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17485\/IJST\/v14i17.437.","journal-title":"IJST"},{"key":"4795_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70089","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.70089","volume":"72","author":"K Govender","year":"2025","unstructured":"Govender K, Van Wyk N, Du Plessis M. Cohesion Challenges in a Multicultural Nursing Team. Int Nurs Rev. 2025;72:e70089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/inr.70089.","journal-title":"Int Nurs Rev"},{"key":"4795_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ramalisa RJ, Du Plessis E, Koen MP. Increasing coping and strengthening resilience in nurses providing mental health care: empirical qualitative research. Health SA Gesondheid. 2018;23:1097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/hsag.v23i0.1094.","DOI":"10.4102\/hsag.v23i0.1094"},{"key":"4795_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2024.104825","volume":"157","author":"F Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu F, Chu G, Yeh T, Fernandez R. Effects of interventions to promote resilience in nurses: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2024;157:104825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2024.104825.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"4795_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NUMA.0000515796.79720.e6","volume":"48","author":"MR Shirey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shirey MR. Leadership practices for healthy work environments. Nurs Manag. 2017;48:42\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.NUMA.0000515796.79720.e6.","journal-title":"Nurs Manag"},{"key":"4795_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773818791085","volume":"29","author":"RA Mangaoil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mangaoil RA, Cleverley K, Peter E. Immediate Staff Debriefing Following Seclusion or Restraint Use in Inpatient Mental Health Settings: A Scoping Review. Clin Nurs Res. 2020;29:479\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1054773818791085.","journal-title":"Clin Nurs Res"},{"key":"4795_CR40","unstructured":"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Vision 2030: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Riyadh: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2016."},{"key":"4795_CR41","unstructured":"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Vision 2030: national transformation program\u2014health sector. Riyadh: Government of Saudi Arabia; 2021."}],"container-title":["BMC Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12912-026-04795-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12912-026-04795-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12912-026-04795-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T12:33:37Z","timestamp":1782390817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12912-026-04795-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-026-04795-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in full accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ministry of Health Research Committee, Institutional Review Board, King Fahad Medical City (IRB No. 17-127E), dated 02.05.2017, for both Hospital A and Hospital B. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. To ensure confidentiality, pseudonyms were assigned to participants, and all data were securely stored in password-protected files accessible only to the research team.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. No individually identifiable data are presented.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"563"}}