{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T20:15:44Z","timestamp":1783282544749,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004503","name":"Benha University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004503","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nurs"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intricacy of pin-site care and fixator modification makes caring for children having limb lengthening surgery extremely taxing on parents. Their self-efficacy, which is essential for positive postoperative results, is frequently lowered by this stress. Traditional teaching approaches might not be able to offer the ongoing assistance required to preserve caregiver confidence and lower stress levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the nursing microlearning (snippet-based) intervention on parents\u2019 burden and self-efficacy in caring for their children undergoing limb lengthening surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study was carried out utilizing a one-group pretest\u2013posttest research design. Setting: The present study was conducted at the inpatient pediatric surgical department, at Benha Specialized Pediatric Hospital in Benha city. Study sample: A purposive sample of 55 parents accompanying their children undergoing limb lengthening surgery. Study tools: Five tools were used for data collection, Tool I: A structured interviewing questionnaire. Tool II: Child medical data. Tool III: Parents\u2019 reported practices checklist. Tool IV: Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale. Tool V: Burden interviewing questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Satisfactory knowledge increased from 16.4% pre-intervention to 87.3% post-intervention (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and competent practice increased from 21.8% to 89.1%. In addition, the proportion of parents with high self-efficacy increased from 10.4% to 41.7% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while the proportion experiencing low parental burden decreased from 16.4% to 5.5%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The nursing snippet-based intervention may be associated with improvements in parents\u2019 knowledge, practice, and self-efficacy and reducing parental burden. Integrating microlearning into routine pediatric orthopedic discharge education may support continuity of care beyond the hospital setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-026-04931-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T13:24:25Z","timestamp":1783171465000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of nursing snippet-based intervention on parents\u2019 burden and self-efficacy towards caring for their children undergoing limb lengthening surgery"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Rawia Abd","family":"El-Ghany Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4939-8537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora Abd","family":"El-Alim Ebrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan Elsayed","family":"Metwally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4931_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-05808-x","volume":"20","author":"R Giorgino","year":"2025","unstructured":"Giorgino R, Cornacchini J, Sillmann YM, Kostyra D, Berkane Y, Peretti GM, et al. Aesthetic lower limb lengthening techniques: a systematic review of efficacy, complications, and patient satisfaction. J Orthop Surg Res. 2025;20(1):415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05808-x.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4931_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.21608\/bjas.2023.195831.1094","volume":"8","author":"A El-Hamid","year":"2023","unstructured":"El-Hamid A, Hosny AG, A.Anter M. Humeral lengthening: systematic review and meta analysis. Benha J Appl Sci. 2023;8(3):151\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/bjas.2023.195831.1094.","journal-title":"Benha J Appl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4931_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08693-x","volume":"26","author":"F Xi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xi F, Xue X, Ji E, Zhang Q, Zhao S, Li K, et al. Relationship between leg length discrepancy and functional scoliosis in children and adolescents. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025;26(1):428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-025-08693-x.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"4931_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-08261-9","volume":"26","author":"C Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu C, Huang P, Mo Y, Wang D, Ning B. How do lesions affect limb lengthening in children with Ollier\u2019s disease? BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025;26(1):13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-024-08261-9.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"4931_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Youssef AR, Gumaa M, Hosny GA. Are internal lengthening devices effective and associated with less complications compared to other lengthening devices? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2022;31(2):e219\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000913.","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000913"},{"issue":"6","key":"4931_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enfcle.2025.502210","volume":"35","author":"D Karaarslan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Karaarslan D, \u00c7elik NK, Ergin D. Relationship between the care need levels of patients hospitalized in the pediatric surgery service and the caregiving burden of their parents: a cross-sectional study. Enferm Clin (Engl Ed). 2025;35(6):502210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enfcle.2025.502210.","journal-title":"Enfermer\u00edCl\u00ednica (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4931_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4103\/jcls.jcls_79_22","volume":"20","author":"OA Elebute","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elebute OA, Campbell EA, Ademuyiwa AO, Ihediwa CG, Bode CO. Psychological burden of care in parents\/caregivers of children with surgical conditions \u2013 a local experience. J Clin Sci. 2023;20(1):8\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jcls.jcls_79_22.","journal-title":"J Clin Sci"},{"issue":"28","key":"4931_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.21608\/asnj.2022.113570.1289","volume":"10","author":"HA Moursi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moursi HA, Sabry SS, Eldein S. Effect of educational guidelines for family caregivers of elderly cancer patients regarding burden of care. Assiut Sci Nurs J. 2022;10(28):94\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/asnj.2022.113570.1289.","journal-title":"Assiut Sci Nurs J"},{"key":"4931_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.10.068","volume":"218","author":"LN Cohn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cohn LN, Pechlivanoglou P, Lee Y, Mahant S, Orkin J, Marson A, et al. Health outcomes of parents of children with chronic illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatrics. 2020;218:166\u201377. e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.10.068.","journal-title":"J Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"4931_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.12934\/jkpmhn.2024.33.4.404","volume":"33","author":"S Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee S, Seo S, Choi H, Choi DJ. A qualitative study on the caregiving experiences of parents of young adults with mental disorders. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2024;33(4):404\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12934\/jkpmhn.2024.33.4.404.","journal-title":"J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"4931_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4103\/JNMS.JNMS_13_19","volume":"6","author":"A Ramzani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramzani A, Zarghami M, Yazdani Charati J, Bagheri M, Azimi Lolaty H. Relationship between self-efficacy and perceived burden among schizophrenic patients\u2019 caregivers. J Nurs Midwifery Sci. 2019;6(2):91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/JNMS.JNMS_13_19.","journal-title":"J Nurs Midwifery Sci"},{"issue":"S9","key":"4931_CR12","first-page":"2852","volume":"6","author":"HM Tork","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tork HM, Mansour HEM, Mohamed E-G, Abd R. Effect of empowerment program on parents\u2019 self competence regarding care of their children with cochlear implantation. Int J Health Sci. 2022;6(S9):2852\u201373.","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4931_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.62065\/bjhs479","volume":"8","author":"B Arjyal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arjyal B, Kumar Rajbanshi L, Khanal K, Man Singh D, Pathak H, Sangroula R. Communication is the key: does strategic perioperative counseling decrease anxiety in parents of the pediatric patient undergoing surgery? Birat J Health Sci. 2024;8(3):2174\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62065\/bjhs479.","journal-title":"Birat J Health Sci"},{"key":"4931_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Gagne JC, Park HK, Hall K, Woodward A, Yamane S, Kim SS. Microlearning in health professions education: scoping review. JMIR Med Educ. 2019;5(2):e13997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/13997.","DOI":"10.2196\/13997"},{"issue":"139.3","key":"4931_CR15","first-page":"31","volume":"35","author":"E-H Emara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Emara E-H. Using authentic video snippets for developing non-major students\u2019 EFL listening skills and growth language mindset. J Fac Educ Benha Univ. 2024;35(139.3):31\u201390.","journal-title":"J Fac Educ Benha Univ"},{"key":"4931_CR16","unstructured":"Leyva A ZVS, Steiner L, Carley-Rizzuto K. A parental involvement program: facilitating parental scaffolding with literacy strategies to support students\u2019 mathematical skills. Discover Edu. 2025."},{"key":"4931_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810400","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.810400","volume":"13","author":"SL Della Porta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Della Porta SL, Sukmantari P, Howe N, Farhat F, Ross HS. Naturalistic parent teaching in the home environment during early childhood. Front Psychol. 2022;13:810400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.810400.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4931_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1302\/1863-2548.15.200207","volume":"15","author":"AA Hamilton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hamilton AA, Mehta R, Sue Epstein B, Fabricant PD, Fragomen AT, Robert Rozbruch S. Core psychosocial issues for children and adolescents in the context of limb lengthening and reconstruction surgery treatment. J Child Orthop. 2021;15(2):122\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/1863-2548.15.200207.","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"4931_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2020.109897","volume":"108","author":"DA Forman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Forman DA, Forman GN, Avila-Mireles EJ, Mugnosso M, Zenzeri J, Murphy B, et al. Characterizing forearm muscle activity in university-aged males during dynamic radial-ulnar deviation of the wrist using a wrist robot. J Biomech. 2020;108:109897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2020.109897.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"4931_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-023-02652-2","volume":"18","author":"M Maghnie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maghnie M, Semler O, Guillen-Navarro E, Selicorni A, Heath KE, Haeusler G, et al. Lifetime impact of achondroplasia study in Europe (LIAISE): findings from a multinational observational study. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2023;18(1):56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13023-023-02652-2.","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4931_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.2.191","volume":"84","author":"A Bandura","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psycho Rev. 1977;84(2):191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.84.2.191.","journal-title":"Psycho Rev"},{"issue":"23\u201328","key":"4931_CR22","first-page":"2","volume":"1986","author":"A Bandura","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 1986;1986(23\u201328):2.","journal-title":"Englewood Cliffs, NJ"},{"key":"4931_CR23","volume-title":"Self-efficacy: the exercise of control","author":"A Bandura","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bandura A. Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. Freeman; 1997."},{"key":"4931_CR24","volume-title":"Stress, appraisal, and coping","author":"RS Lazarus","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing company; 1984."},{"key":"4931_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Folkman S. Stress: appraisal and coping. In: Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine. Springer; 2013. p. 1913\u201315.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1005-9_215"},{"issue":"4","key":"4931_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532690xci0804_5","volume":"8","author":"J Sweller","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sweller J, Chandler P. Evidence for cognitive load theory. Cogn Instr. 1991;8(4):351\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s1532690xci0804_5.","journal-title":"Cognition Instruct"},{"issue":"2","key":"4931_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-005-3951-0","volume":"17","author":"JJG Van Merrienboer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Van Merrienboer JJG, Sweller J. Cognitive load theory and complex learning: recent developments and future directions. Educ Psychol Rev. 2005;17(2):147\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10648-005-3951-0.","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4931_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-019-09701-3","volume":"68","author":"J Sweller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sweller J. Cognitive load theory and educational technology. Educ Tech Res Dev. 2020;68(1):1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11423-019-09701-3.","journal-title":"Educ Tech Res Dev"},{"key":"4931_CR29","unstructured":"Slovin E. Slovin\u2019s formula for sampling technique. 1960."},{"key":"4931_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijotn.2025.101176","volume":"57","author":"A Ringn\u00e9r","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ringn\u00e9r A, Ljung M, Rullander A-C. Parents\u2019 and nurses\u2019 experiences when children undergo limb lengthening treatment. Int J Orthopaedic Trauma Nurs. 2025;57:101176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijotn.2025.101176.","journal-title":"Int J Orthopaedic Trauma Nurs"},{"key":"4931_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117462","volume":"195","author":"C Beger","year":"2025","unstructured":"Beger C, Alves I, Carl-Innig P, Sessa M, Mohnike K, Cheung MS. Limb lengthening in individuals with achondroplasia: analysis of an international survey. Bone. 2025;195:117462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117462.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"24","key":"4931_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8482","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i24.8482","volume":"10","author":"M Salimi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salimi M, Sarallah R, Javanshir S, Mirghaderi SP, Salimi A, Khanzadeh S. Complication of lengthening and the role of post-operative care, physical and psychological rehabilitation among fibula hemimelia. WJCC. 2022;10(24):8482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i24.8482.","journal-title":"WJCC"},{"key":"4931_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Trofimchuk V, Dossanov B, Lozovoy V, Khmyzov S, Dossanova A, Angelov A, et al. Quality of life in children with achondroplasia undergoing paired limb lengthening with an external fixator and modified distraction control: observational nonrandomized study. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol. 2024;11(1):e49261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/49261.","DOI":"10.2196\/49261"},{"issue":"4","key":"4931_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/18632521241258351","volume":"18","author":"C Radler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Radler C, Calder P, Eidelman M, Horn J, Kold S, Langend\u00f6rfer M, et al. What\u2019s new in pediatric lower limb reconstruction? J Child Orthop. 2024;18(4):349\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/18632521241258351.","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"4931_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/18632521251327127","volume":"19","author":"N Catena","year":"2025","unstructured":"Catena N, Arrigoni C, Carvalho M, Matic I, Farr S. External fixators and lengthening systems in pediatric upper limb. J Child Orthop. 2025;19(2):139\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/18632521251327127.","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"4931_CR36","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Taxonomies of educational objectives. Designing and implementing the outcome-based education framework: theory and practice","author":"P Noushad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Noushad P. Taxonomies of educational objectives. Designing and implementing the outcome-based education framework: theory and practice. Springer; 2024. p. 43\u201382."},{"key":"4931_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Steffen AM, McKibbin C, Zeiss AM, Gallagher-Thompson D, Bandura A. The revised scale for caregiving self-efficacy: reliability and validity studies. J Gerontol Ser B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2002;57(1):PP74\u2013P86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/57.1.P74.","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/57.1.P74"},{"key":"4931_CR38","volume-title":"ZBI-Zarit burden interview version 1.0: scaling and scoring","author":"S Zarit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zarit S. ZBI-Zarit burden interview version 1.0: scaling and scoring. Lyon: Mapi Research Trust; 2018."},{"key":"4931_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Beltramini A, Milojevic K, Pateron D. Pain assessment in newborns, infants, and children. Pediatr Ann. 2017;46(10):e387\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/19382359-20170921-03.","DOI":"10.3928\/19382359-20170921-03"},{"key":"4931_CR40","volume-title":"Disparities in the Lanterman Developmental Disabilities Services Act","author":"HG Neri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Neri HG. Disparities in the Lanterman Developmental Disabilities Services Act. Walden University; 2022."},{"issue":"3","key":"4931_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.21608\/bmfj.2020.75839","volume":"36","author":"E Elshafey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elshafey E, Hegazy M, Bassiouni H, Al-Ashhab M. Calcaneal lengthening for correction of symptomatic flexible flat foot in children. Benha Med J Benha Univ. 2020;36(3):98\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/bmfj.2020.75839.","journal-title":"Benha Med J Benha Univ"},{"key":"4931_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1281099","volume":"11","author":"F Verdoni F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Verdoni F F, Giorgino R, Virgilio C, Nannini A, Vigan\u00f2 M, Curci D, et al. Results and complications of bilateral limb lengthening in achondroplasia: a retrospective analysis. Front Pediatr. 2023;11:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1281099.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4931_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.185604","volume":"50","author":"SK Chilbule","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chilbule SK, Dutt V, Madhuri V. Limb lengthening in achondroplasia. Indian J Orthop. 2016;50(4):397\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5413.185604.","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"issue":"242","key":"4931_CR44","first-page":"7","volume":"12","author":"YK Burghardt Rd","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burghardt Rd YK, Kashiwagi N, Yoshino S, Bhave A, Paley D, et al. Bilateral double level tibial lengthening in dwarfism. J Orthop. 2015;12(242):7.","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"issue":"12","key":"4931_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B12.22418","volume":"91-B","author":"KP Venkatesh Kp","year":"2009","unstructured":"Venkatesh Kp KP, Modi HN, Devmurari K, Yoon JY, Anupama BR, Song HR. Femoral lengthening in achondroplasia: magnitude of lengthening in relation to patterns of callus, stiffness of adjacent joints and fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009;91-B(12):1612\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.91B12.22418.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"5","key":"4931_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2023.07.006","volume":"24","author":"SM Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang SM, Chan YY, Lai LL, Liang PR, Lin M. Parental postoperative pain management perceptions, attitudes, and practices in pediatric limb fractures. Pain Manag Nurs. 2023;24(5):506\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmn.2023.07.006.","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"4931_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12802","volume":"46","author":"L Sj\u00f6berg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6berg L, Hermansson L, Lindner H, Fredriksson C. Swedish parents\u2019 experiences of their role in treatment for children with congenital limb reduction deficiency: decision-making and treatment support. Child Care Health Dev. 2020;46(6):723\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cch.12802.","journal-title":"Child: Care, Health Devel"},{"key":"4931_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2024.08.009","volume":"79","author":"Q Dai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dai Q, Peng M, Li C, Deng S, Huang P, Guo X, et al. The factors associated with the caregiving burden among family caregivers of pediatric patients with fractures: a descriptive cross-sectional study. J Pediatr Nurs. 2024;79:126\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2024.08.009.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"issue":"5","key":"4931_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051497","volume":"9","author":"UG Longo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Longo UG, Matarese M, Arcangeli V, Alciati V, Candela V, Facchinetti G, et al. Family caregiver strain and challenges when caring for orthopedic patients: a systematic review. J Clin Med. 2020;9(5):1497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9051497.","journal-title":"JCM"},{"issue":"Suppl S1","key":"4931_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s43465-020-00127-1","volume":"54","author":"SG Bat\u0131bay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bat\u0131bay SG, Balc\u0131 H\u0130, Bayram S, Chodza M, G\u00f6ksoy \u015e, H\u00fcrmeydan \u00d6M, et al. Quality of life evaluation following limb lengthening surgery in patients with achondroplasia. Indian J Orthop. 2020;54(Suppl S1):39\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43465-020-00127-1.","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"4931_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B1.27567","volume":"94-B","author":"SJ Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim SJ, Agashe MV, Song SH, Choi HJ, Lee H, Song HR. Comparison between upper and lower limb lengthening in patients with achondroplasia: a retrospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94-B(1):128\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.94B1.27567.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"}],"container-title":["BMC Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12912-026-04931-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12912-026-04931-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12912-026-04931-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T20:01:27Z","timestamp":1783281687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12912-026-04931-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-026-04931-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"In accordance with the Declaration of Scientific Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Nursing Benha University, Egypt, the approval was obtained; code REC-PN-P79 prior to beginning the actual work. The submission of an official letter from the hospital manager and the supervisors of the surgical unit was done. The objectives, aim, and benefits of the study were adequately explained to each parent. Each parent gave written informed consent before participating in the study. The researchers made it clear that parents\u2019 involvement in the study was completely voluntary and that they might withdraw at any time without experiencing any repercussions. Confidentiality was further ensured by coding the data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"590"}}