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Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board at Al-Jouf University under approval number 7608. All research methodologies involving human subjects complied with established ethical guidelines mandated by institutional and national research oversight bodies and were consistent with the principles outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent revisions, as well as equivalent ethical frameworks.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Institutional review board statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Statement\n                      : Written consent in Arabic or English was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participants were informed of the study objectives, procedures, voluntary participation, the right to withdraw without consequences, and confidentiality protocols. Consent forms were signed prior to the commencement of research activities.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"845"}}