{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:50:24Z","timestamp":1793379024340,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Hearst Foundations (US)","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03s96de24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Foundation","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01zxdeg39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2700-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T06:13:17Z","timestamp":1511244797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Patient navigation to improve diabetes outpatient care at a safety-net hospital: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3624-6398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Horn\u00fd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiljeana","family":"Glover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gouri","family":"Gupte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aruna","family":"Saraswat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha","family":"Vimalananda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Rosenzweig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2700_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. H. Gittell, R. Seidner, and J. Wimbush, \u201cA relational model of how high-performance work systems work,\u201d Organ Sci, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 490\u2013506, Jul. 2009.","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.1090.0446"},{"issue":"1","key":"2700_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2393698","volume":"40","author":"KG Provan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Provan KG, Milward HB. A preliminary theory of Interorganizational network effectiveness: a comparative study of four community mental health systems. Adm Sci Q. 1995;40(1):1\u201333.","journal-title":"Adm Sci Q"},{"key":"2700_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. J. Singer, J. Burgers, M. Friedberg, M. B. Rosenthal, L. Leape, and E. Schneider, \u201cDefining and measuring integrated patient care: promoting the next frontier in health care delivery,\u201d Med Care Res Rev, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 112\u2013127, Feb. 2011.","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558710371485"},{"key":"2700_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. M. Shortell and L. P. Casalino, \u201cHealth care reform requires accountable care systems,\u201d JAMA, vol. 300, no. 1, pp. 95\u201397, Jul. 2008.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.1.95"},{"key":"2700_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. A. Parker et al., \u201cPatient navigation: development of a protocol for describing what navigators do,\u201d Health Serv Res, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 514\u2013531, Apr. 2010.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2009.01079.x"},{"key":"2700_CR6","unstructured":"K. J. Wells et al., \u201cPatient navigation: state of the art or is it science?,\u201d Cancer, vol. 113, no. 8, pp. 1999\u20132010, Oct. 2008."},{"key":"2700_CR7","unstructured":"T. A. Battaglia et al., \u201cBoston patient navigation research program: the impact of navigation on time to diagnostic resolution after abnormal cancer screening,\u201d Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1645\u20131654, Oct. 2012."},{"key":"2700_CR8","unstructured":"A. M. O\u2019Connor, D. Stacey, and F. L\u00e9gar\u00e9, \u201cCoaching to support patients in making decisions,\u201d BMJ, vol. 336, no. 7638, pp. 228\u2013229, Jan. 2008."},{"key":"2700_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. D. Paskett, J. P. Harrop, and K. J. Wells, \u201cPatient navigation: an update on the state of the science,\u201d CA Cancer J Clin, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 237\u2013249, Jul. 2011.","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20111"},{"key":"2700_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Robinson-White, B. Conroy, K. H. Slavish, and M. Rosenzweig, \u201cPatient navigation in breast cancer: a systematic review,\u201d Cancer Nurs, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 127\u2013140, Mar. 2010.","DOI":"10.1097\/NCC.0b013e3181c40401"},{"key":"2700_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. J. Whop et al., \u201cNavigating the cancer journey: a review of patient navigator programs for indigenous cancer patients,\u201d Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. e89\u2013e96, Dec. 2012.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-7563.2012.01532.x"},{"key":"2700_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. M. Fracasso et al., \u201cCoaching intervention as a strategy for minority recruitment to cancer clinical trials,\u201d J Oncol Pract, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 294\u2013299, Nov. 2013.","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2013.000982"},{"key":"2700_CR13","unstructured":"M. Charlot et al., \u201cImpact of patient and navigator race and language concordance on care after cancer screening abnormalities,\u201d Cancer, vol. 121, no. 9, pp. 1477\u20131483, May 2015."},{"key":"2700_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. K. Rahm, A. Sukhanova, J. Ellis, and J. Mouchawar, \u201cIncreasing utilization of cancer genetic counseling services using a patient navigator model,\u201d J Genet Couns, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 171\u2013177, Apr. 2007.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897-006-9051-6"},{"key":"2700_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Ell et al., \u201cAbnormal mammogram follow-up: a pilot study women with low income,\u201d Cancer Pract, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 130\u2013138, Jun. 2002.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-5394.2002.103009.x"},{"key":"2700_CR16","unstructured":"H. P. Freeman, B. J. Muth, and J. F. Kerner, \u201cExpanding access to cancer screening and clinical follow-up among the medically underserved,\u201d Cancer Pract, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 19\u201330, Feb. 1995."},{"key":"2700_CR17","unstructured":"H. P. Freeman and R. L. Rodriguez, \u201cHistory and principles of patient navigation,\u201d Cancer, vol. 117, no. S15, pp. 3537\u20133540, Aug. 2011."},{"key":"2700_CR18","unstructured":"K. M. Freund et al., \u201cNational Cancer Institute patient navigation research program,\u201d Cancer, vol. 113, no. 12, pp. 3391\u20133399, Dec. 2008."},{"key":"2700_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Kelly et al., \u201cPatient navigators for people with chronic disease: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis,\u201d Syst Rev, vol 4, Mar. 2015.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-015-0019-1"},{"key":"2700_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. Valentine, \u201cYour diabetes care provider in the future is probably an NP or PA!,\u201d Clin. Diabetes, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 145\u2013147, Oct. 2014.","DOI":"10.2337\/diaclin.32.4.145"},{"key":"2700_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Nam, C. Chesla, N. A. Stotts, L. Kroon, and S. L. Janson, \u201cBarriers to diabetes management: patient and provider factors,\u201d Diabetes Res Clin Pract, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 1\u20139, Jul. 2011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.02.002"},{"key":"2700_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Sadosky et al., \u201cBurden of illness associated with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy among adults seeking treatment in the US: results from a retrospective chart review and cross-sectional survey,\u201d Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther, vol. 6, pp. 79\u201392, Feb. 2013.","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S37415"},{"key":"2700_CR23","unstructured":"X. Zhang et al., \u201cAccess to health care and control of ABCs of diabetes,\u201d Diabetes Care, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1566\u20131571, Jul. 2012."},{"key":"2700_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. J. Karter et al., \u201cMissed appointments and poor glycemic control: an opportunity to identify high-risk diabetic patients,\u201d Med Care, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 110\u2013115, Feb. 2004.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000109023.64650.73"},{"key":"2700_CR25","unstructured":"J. M. Schectman, J. B. Schorling, and J. D. Voss, \u201cAppointment adherence and disparities in outcomes among patients with diabetes,\u201d J Gen Intern Med, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1685\u20131687, Jul. 2008."},{"key":"2700_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. M. Sheehan, A. E. While, and I. Coyne, \u201cthe experiences and impact of transition from child to adult healthcare services for young people with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review,\u201d Diabet Med, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 440\u2013458, Apr. 2015.","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12639"},{"key":"2700_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Heisler, R. R. Bouknight, R. A. Hayward, D. M. Smith, and E. A. Kerr, \u201cThe relative importance of physician communication, participatory decision making, and patient understanding in diabetes self-management,\u201d J Gen Intern Med, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 243\u2013252, Apr. 2002.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2002.10905.x"},{"key":"2700_CR28","unstructured":"T. A. Samuels et al., \u201cMissed opportunities in diabetes management: a longitudinal assessment of factors associated with sub-optimal quality,\u201d J Gen Intern Med, vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 1770\u20131777, Sep. 2008."},{"key":"2700_CR29","volume-title":"The patient navigator outreach and demonstration project","author":"Lutheran Family Health Centers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lutheran Family Health Centers. The patient navigator outreach and demonstration project. New York: NY; 2010."},{"key":"2700_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. Y. Loskutova et al., \u201cPatient navigators connecting patients to community resources to improve diabetes outcomes,\u201d J Am Board Fam Med, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 78\u201389, Jan. 2016.","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2016.01.150048"},{"key":"2700_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. W. Kreuter et al., \u201cUse of cancer control referrals by 2-1-1 callers: a randomized trial,\u201d Am J Prev Med, vol 43, no 6, Supplement 5, pp. S425\u2013S434, Dec. 2012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2012.09.004"},{"key":"2700_CR32","unstructured":"M. M. Garrido et al., \u201cMethods for constructing and assessing propensity scores,\u201d Health Serv Res, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1701\u20131720, Oct. 2014."},{"issue":"22","key":"2700_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.16153","volume":"312","author":"JB Dimick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dimick JB, Ryan AM. Methods for evaluating changes in health care policy: the difference-in-differences approach. JAMA. 2014;312(22):2401\u20132.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2700_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. A. Battaglia, K. Roloff, M. A. Posner, and K. M. Freund, \u201cImproving follow-up to abnormal breast cancer screening in an urban population: a patient navigation intervention,\u201d Cancer, vol. 109, no. S2, pp. 359\u2013367, Jan. 2007.","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22354"},{"key":"2700_CR35","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association, \u201cThe absence of a glycemic threshold for the development of long-term complications: the perspective of the diabetes control and complications trial,\u201d Diabetes, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1289\u20131298, Oct. 1996."},{"key":"2700_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) group, \u201cintensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33),\u201d Lancet, vol. 352, no. 9131, pp. 837\u2013853, Sep. 1998.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6"},{"key":"2700_CR37","unstructured":"H. Wallach-Kildemoes, M. Andersen, F. Diderichsen, and T. Lange, \u201cAdherence to preventive statin therapy according to socioeconomic position,\u201d Eur J Clin Pharmacol, vol. 69, no. 8, pp. 1553\u20131563, Aug. 2013."},{"key":"2700_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. M. Jacobson, A. G. Adler, L. Derby, B. J. Anderson, and J. I. Wolfsdorf, \u201cClinic attendance and glycemic control. Study of contrasting groups of patients with IDDM,\u201d Diabetes Care, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 599\u2013601, Jul. 1991.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.14.7.599"},{"key":"2700_CR39","unstructured":"T. L. Gary et al., \u201cThe effects of a nurse case manager and a community health worker team on diabetic control, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations among urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial,\u201d Arch Intern Med, vol. 169, no. 19, pp. 1788\u20131794, Oct. 2009."},{"key":"2700_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. A. Rogers, D. M. Hessler, T. S. Bodenheimer, A. Ghorob, E. Vittinghoff, and D. H. Thom, \u201cDiabetes Peer Coaching Do \u2018Better Patients\u2019 Make Better Coaches?,\u201d Diabetes Educ, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 107\u2013115, Jan. 2014.","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721713513178"},{"key":"2700_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. H. Thom, A. Ghorob, D. Hessler, D. D. Vore, E. Chen, and T. A. Bodenheimer, \u201cImpact of peer health coaching on glycemic control in low-income patients with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial,\u201d Ann Fam Med, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 137\u2013144, Mar. 2013.","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1443"},{"key":"2700_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. A. Long, E. C. Jahnle, D. M. Richardson, G. Loewenstein, and K. G. Volpp, \u201cPeer mentoring and financial incentives to improve glucose control in African American VeteransA randomized trial,\u201d Ann Intern Med, vol. 156, no. 6, pp. 416\u2013424, Mar. 2012.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-6-201203200-00004"},{"key":"2700_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Allen, L. I. Iezzoni, A. Huang, L. Huang, and S. G. Leveille, \u201cImproving patient-clinician communication about chronic conditions: description of an internet-based nurse E-coach intervention,\u201d Nurs Res, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 107\u2013112, Mar. 2008.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NNR.0000313478.47379.98"},{"key":"2700_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Young et al., \u201cPatient engagement and coaching for health: the PEACH study \u2013 a cluster randomised controlled trial using the telephone to coach people with type 2 diabetes to engage with their GPs to improve diabetes care: a study protocol,\u201d BMC Fam. Pract, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 20, Apr. 2007.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-8-20"},{"key":"2700_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.-L. Dennis, \u201cPeer support within a health care context: a concept analysis,\u201d Int J Nurs Stud, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 321\u2013332, Mar. 2003.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7489(02)00092-5"},{"key":"2700_CR46","unstructured":"A. M. Ryan, J. F. Burgess, and J. B. Dimick, \u201cWhy we should not be indifferent to specification choices for difference-in-differences,\u201d Health Serv Res, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 1211\u20131235, Aug. 2015."},{"key":"2700_CR47","unstructured":"S. L. Norris, J. Lau, S. J. Smith, C. H. Schmid, and M. M. Engelgau, \u201cSelf-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes a meta-analysis of the effect on glycemic control,\u201d Diabetes Care, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1159\u20131171, Jul. 2002."},{"key":"2700_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. B. Dignan et al., \u201cA comparison of two native American navigator formats: face-to-face and telephone,\u201d Cancer Control J Moffitt Cancer Cent, vol. 12, no. Suppl 2, pp. 28\u201333, Nov. 2005.","DOI":"10.1177\/1073274805012004S05"},{"key":"2700_CR49","unstructured":"L. Jandorf et al., \u201cCreating alliances to improve cancer prevention and detection among urban medically underserved minority groups,\u201d Cancer, vol. 107, no. S8, pp. 2043\u20132051, Oct. 2006."},{"key":"2700_CR50","unstructured":"C. Y. Fang, G. X. Ma, Y. Tan, and N. Chi, \u201cA multifaceted intervention to increase cervical cancer screening among underserved Korean women,\u201d Cancer Epidemiol Prev Biomark, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1298\u20131302, Jun. 2007."},{"key":"2700_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Nash, S. Azeez, D. Vlahov, and M. Schori, \u201cEvaluation of an intervention to increase screening colonoscopy in an urban public hospital setting,\u201d J Urban Health, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 231\u2013243, Mar. 2006.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-006-9029-6"},{"issue":"5","key":"2700_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/00002820-199810000-00006","volume":"21","author":"MS Tingen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tingen MS, Weinrich SP, Heydt DD, Boyd MD, Weinrich MC. Perceived benefits: a predictor of participation in prostate cancer screening. Cancer Nurs. 1998;21(5):349\u201357.","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"2700_CR53","first-page":"213","volume":"13","author":"SP Weinrich","year":"1998","unstructured":"Weinrich SP, Boyd MD, Weinrich M, Greene F, Reynolds WA, Metlin C. Increasing prostate cancer screening in African American men with peer-educator and client-navigator interventions. J Cancer Educ Off J Am Assoc Cancer Educ. 1998;13(4):213\u20139.","journal-title":"J Cancer Educ Off J Am Assoc Cancer Educ"},{"key":"2700_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Ell et al., \u201cAbnormal cervical screen follow-up among low-income Latinas: project SAFe,\u201d J Womens Health Gend Based Med, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 639\u2013651, Sep. 2002.","DOI":"10.1089\/152460902760360586"},{"key":"2700_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Ell, B. Vourlekis, P.-J. Lee, and B. Xie, \u201cPatient navigation and case management following an abnormal mammogram: a randomized clinical trial,\u201d Prev Med, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 26\u201333, Jan. 2007.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2006.08.001"},{"key":"2700_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. F. Oluwole et al., \u201cImpact of a cancer screening program on breast cancer stage at diagnosis in a medically underserved urban community,\u201d J Am Coll Surg, vol. 196, no. 2, pp. 180\u2013188, Feb. 2003.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(02)01765-9"},{"key":"2700_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. M. Ferrante, P.-H. Chen, and S. Kim, \u201cThe effect of patient navigation on time to diagnosis, anxiety, and satisfaction in urban minority women with abnormal mammograms: a randomized controlled trial,\u201d J. Urban Health, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 114\u2013124, Jan. 2008.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-007-9228-9"},{"key":"2700_CR58","unstructured":"B. J. Psooy, D. Schreuer, J. Borgaonkar, and J. S. Caines, \u201cPatient navigation: improving timeliness in the diagnosis of breast abnormalities,\u201d Can Assoc Radiol J J Assoc Can Radiol, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 145\u2013150, Jun. 2004."},{"key":"2700_CR59","unstructured":"J. Giese-Davis et al., \u201cThe effect of peer counseling on quality of life following diagnosis of breast cancer: an observational study,\u201d Psychooncology, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1014\u20131022, Nov. 2006."},{"key":"2700_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. L. Gary et al., \u201cRandomized controlled trial of the effects of nurse case manager and community health worker interventions on risk factors for diabetes-related complications in urban African Americans,\u201d Prev Med, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 23\u201332, Jul. 2003.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-7435(03)00040-9"}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-017-2700-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]],"date-time":"2019-10-06T07:40:47Z","timestamp":1570347647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12913-017-2700-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-017-2700-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]]},"article-number":"759"}}