{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:39:32Z","timestamp":1790192372230,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]],"date-time":"2018-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541462400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3643-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]],"date-time":"2018-11-06T07:31:23Z","timestamp":1541489483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Knowledge and utilization of family planning methods among people living with HIV in Kathmandu, Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3131-6406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajani","family":"Pokharel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geeta","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namuna","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharad","family":"Onta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3643_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2014.05.001","volume":"28","author":"J Fettig","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fettig J, Swaminathan M, Murrill CS, Kaplan JE. Global epidemiology of HIV. Infect Dis Clin. 2014;28(3):323\u201337.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin"},{"key":"3643_CR2","unstructured":"NCASC. Factsheet 1: HIV Epidemic Update of Nepal, December 2014 - [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 July 12]. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.ncasc.gov.np\/WAD2017\/FACTSHEET-2017-FINAL\/Factsheet-7-HIV-Surveillance-2017.pdf"},{"key":"3643_CR3","unstructured":"Country Progress Report NEPAL Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. 2015 [cited 2017 July 12]; Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/country\/documents\/NPL_narrative_report_2015.pdf"},{"key":"3643_CR4","unstructured":"Sexual and reproductive health of women living with HIV\/AIDS Guidelines on care, treatment and support for women living with HIV\/AIDS and their children in resource-constrained settings. [cited 2017 Aug 12]; Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/guidelines\/sexualreproductivehealth.pdf"},{"key":"3643_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(07)29031-7","volume":"15","author":"T Delvaux","year":"2007","unstructured":"Delvaux T, N\u00f6stlinger C. Reproductive choice for women and men living with HIV: contraception, Abortion and Fertility. Reprod Health Matters. 2007;15:46\u201366.","journal-title":"Reprod Health Matters"},{"key":"3643_CR6","unstructured":"WHO | Strategic approaches to the prevention of HIV infection in infants. WHO. World Health Organization; 2011 [cited 2016 Jul 12]; Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/mtct\/strategic\/en\/"},{"key":"3643_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-016-0348-9","volume":"16","author":"MD Worke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Worke MD, Bezabih LM, Woldetasdik MA. Utilization of contraception among sexually active HIV positive women attending art clinic in University of Gondar Hospital: a hospital based cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 2016;16:67.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"3643_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-5-18","volume":"5","author":"B Nattabi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nattabi B, Li J, Thompson SC, Orach CG, Earnest J. Family planning among people living with HIV in post-conflict Northern Uganda: A mixed methods study. Confl Health. 2011;5:18 BioMed Central.","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"key":"3643_CR9","unstructured":"Apanga PA, Adam MA. Factors influencing the uptake of family planning services in the Talensi District, Ghana. Pan Afr Med J. 2015;20:10."},{"key":"3643_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nkwabong E, Minda V, Fomulu JN. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of contraception by HIV positive women followed in a Cameroon region with high illiteracy rate: a cross sectional study. Pan Afr Med J. 2015;20(1).","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2015.20.143.5252"},{"key":"3643_CR11","unstructured":"Chibwesha CJ, Li MS, Matoba CK, et al., Modern Contraceptive and Dual Method Use among HIV-Infected Women in Lusaka, Zambia,\u201d Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 2011, Article ID 261453, 8 pages, 2011."},{"key":"3643_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/340782","volume":"2012","author":"Winnie Muyindike","year":"2012","unstructured":"Muyindike W, Fatch R, Steinfield R, Matthews LT, Musinguzi N, Emenyonu NI, et al. Contraceptive use and associated factors among women enrolling into HIV Care in Southwestern Uganda. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2012;1\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/340782","journal-title":"Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"3643_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2652-14-35","volume":"14","author":"RK Wanyenze","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wanyenze RK, Tumwesigye NM, Kindyomunda R, Beyeza-Kashesya J, Atuyambe L, Kansiime A, et al. Uptake of family planning methods and unplanned pregnancies among HIV-infected individuals: a cross-sectional survey among clients at HIV clinics in Uganda. J Int AIDS Soc. 2011;14:35 The International AIDS Society.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"3643_CR14","first-page":"1740","volume":"2","author":"E Kashagam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kashagam E, Ngocho JS. Prevalence of modern dontraceptive methods use among women living with HIV attending care and treatment clinic at Amana Hospital Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Int J Soc Sci Humanit Invent. 2015;2:1740\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Sci Humanit Invent"},{"issue":"2","key":"3643_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88663","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088663","volume":"9","author":"SR Mishra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mishra SR, Joshi MP, Khanal V. Family planning knowledge and practice among people living with HIV in Nepal. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e88663.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3643_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.158855","volume":"40","author":"B Joshi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joshi B, Velhal G, Chauhan S, Kulkarni R, Begum S, Nandanwar YS, et al. Contraceptive use and unintended pregnancies among HIV-infected women in Mumbai. Indian J Community Med. 2015;40:168\u201373.","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med"},{"key":"3643_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-016-0123-2","volume":"13","author":"W Munsakul","year":"2015","unstructured":"Munsakul W, Lolekha R, Kowadisaiburana B, Roongpisuthipong A, Jirajariyavej S, Asavapiriyanont S, et al. Dual contraceptive method use and pregnancy intention among people living with HIV receiving HIV care at six hospitals in Thailand. Reprod Health. 2015;13:8.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"3643_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/792649","volume":"2012","author":"T Petruney","year":"2012","unstructured":"Petruney T, Minichiello SN, McDowell M, Wilcher R. Meeting the contraceptive needs of key populations affected by HIV in Asia: an unfinished agenda. AIDS Res Treat Hindawi. 2012;2012:1\u20136.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Treat Hindawi"},{"key":"3643_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/376432","volume":"2011","author":"V Chakrapani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chakrapani V, Kershaw T, Shunmugam M, Newman PA, Cornman DH, Dubrow R. Prevalence of and barriers to dual-contraceptive methods use among married men and women living with HIV in India. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2011;2011:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3643_CR20","first-page":"136","volume":"10","author":"D Neupane","year":"2012","unstructured":"Neupane D, Khanal V, Sharma S, Aro AR. Perceived discrimination among people living with HIV in Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2012;10:136\u201340.","journal-title":"J Nepal Health Res Counc"},{"key":"3643_CR21","first-page":"254","volume":"4","author":"KO Ajao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ajao KO, Osho PO, Koledoye V, Fagbemi SO, Oluwatoyosi DO. Factors influencing condom use among people living with HIV\/ AIDS attending clinics at state specialist hospital, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Gynecol Obstet (Sunnyvale). 2014;4:254.","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet (Sunnyvale)"},{"key":"3643_CR22","unstructured":"Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011, Population division Ministry of Health and population government of Nepal Kathmandu, Nepal, New ERA, Ministry of Health and Population 2012."},{"key":"3643_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-014-0382-2","volume":"14","author":"DB Demissie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Demissie DB, Tebeje B, Tesfaye T. Fertility desire and associated factors among people living with HIV attending antiretroviral therapy clinic in Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:382.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"3643_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832cb10c","volume":"23","author":"A Anand","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anand A, Shiraishi RW, Bunnell RE, Jacobs K, Solehdin N, Abdul-Quader AS, et al. Knowledge of HIV status, sexual risk behaviors and contraceptive need among people living with HIV in Kenya and Malawi. AIDS. 2009;23:1565\u201373.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"3643_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-7-9","volume":"7","author":"V Lipovsek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lipovsek V, Longfield K, Buszin J. Can follow-up study questions about correct and consistent condom use reduce respondent over-reporting among groups at high risk? An analysis of datasets from six countries. Reprod Health. 2010;7(1):9.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"3643_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-557X.195854","volume":"60","author":"B Joshi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Joshi B, Chauhan S, Das H, Luaia R, Sunil N. Changes in sexual behavior and contraceptive use after HIV acquisition and factors associated with risky sexual practices among people living with HIV in selected Indian cities. Indian J Public Health. 2016;60:251\u20139.","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"},{"key":"3643_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-98","volume":"13","author":"RK Wanyenze","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wanyenze RK, Wagner GJ, Tumwesigye NM, Nannyonga M, Wabwire-Mangen F, Kamya MR. Fertility and contraceptive decision-making and support for HIV infected individuals: client and provider experiences and perceptions at two HIV clinics in Uganda. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:98.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"3643_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.15171\/ijhpm.2015.68","volume":"4","author":"S Nedjat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nedjat S, Moazen B, Rezaei F, Hajizadeh S, Majdzadeh R, Setayesh HR, et al. Sexual and reproductive health needs of HIV-positive people in Tehran, Iran: a mixed-method descriptive study. Int J Heal policy Manag. 2015;4:591\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Heal policy Manag"},{"key":"3643_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-150","volume":"13","author":"CE Warren","year":"2013","unstructured":"Warren CE, Abuya T, Askew I. Family planning practices and pregnancy intentions among HIV-positive and HIV-negative postpartum women in Swaziland: a cross sectional survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013;13:150.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth."},{"issue":"6","key":"3643_CR30","first-page":"59","volume":"1","author":"Z McLure","year":"1981","unstructured":"McLure Z. Failure rates of contraceptive methods. Family Plann Inform Serv. 1981;1(6):59.","journal-title":"Family Plann Inform Serv"},{"key":"3643_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-86","volume":"13","author":"EJ Mmbaga","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mmbaga EJ, Leyna GH, Ezekiel MJ, Kakoko DC. Fertility desire and intention of people living with HIV\/AIDS in Tanzania: a call for restructuring care and treatment services. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:86.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3643_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-98","volume":"13","author":"RK Wanyenze","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wanyenze RK, Wagner GJ, Tumwesigye NM, Nannyonga M, Wabwire-Mangen F, Kamya MR. Fertility and contraceptive decision-making and support for HIV infected individuals: client and provider experiences and perceptions at two HIV clinics in Uganda. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):98.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"3643_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2006.0108","volume":"21","author":"L Myer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Myer L, Morroni C, Rebe K. Prevalence and determinants of fertility intentions of HIV-infected women and men receiving antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2007;21(4):278\u201385.","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDs"},{"issue":"5","key":"3643_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-009-9537-y","volume":"13","author":"B Nattabi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nattabi B, Li J, Thompson SC, Orach CG, Earnest J. A systematic review of factors influencing fertility desires and intentions among people living with HIV\/AIDS: implications for policy and service delivery. AIDS Behav. 2009;13(5):949\u201368.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"3643_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000363773.83753.27","volume":"23","author":"KB Johnson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johnson KB, Akwara P, Rutstein SO, Bernstein S. Fertility preferences and the need for contraception among women living with HIV: the basis for a joint action agenda. AIDS. 2009;23:S7\u201317.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"3643_CR36","first-page":"e1942","volume":"2","author":"HG Kebede","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kebede HG, Nahusenay H, Birhane Y, Tesfaye DJ. Assessment of contraceptive use and associated factors among HIV positive women in Bahir-Dar Town, Northwest Ethiopia. Open Access Library J. 2015;2:e1942.","journal-title":"Open Access Library J"},{"key":"3643_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94682","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094682","volume":"9","author":"YA Melaku","year":"2014","unstructured":"Melaku YA, Zeleke EG, Gregson S, Bracken H, Zweigenthal V. Contraceptive Utilization and Associated Factors among HIV Positive Women on Chronic Follow Up Care in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study. PLoS One. 2014;9:e94682 Vall M, editor.","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3643-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3643-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3643-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T19:09:35Z","timestamp":1572980975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3643-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3643-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 May 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal. Informed consent was obtained from all of the participants before enrolling into the study. Oral informed consent was obtained instead of a written consent in order to ease the recruitment of participants. Illiterate participants when given a written consent were often anxious to get enrolled in the study. The institutional review board approved the use of an informed consent for this study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"836"}}