{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T21:16:08Z","timestamp":1774646168570,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547769600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Victorian Department of Health and Human Services"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3836-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T07:04:44Z","timestamp":1547795084000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Changes in acute hospital costs after employing clinical facilitators to improve stroke care in Victoria, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8162-682X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique A.","family":"Cadilhac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen M.","family":"Dewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Denisenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher F.","family":"Bladin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atte","family":"Meretoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"3836_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006200","volume":"45","author":"TD Gloede","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gloede TD, Halbach SM, Thrift AG, Dewey HM, Pfaff H, Cadilhac DA. Long-term costs of stroke using 10-year longitudinal data from the north East Melbourne stroke incidence study. Stroke. 2014;45(11):3389\u201394.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"7","key":"3836_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.612119","volume":"42","author":"A Meretoja","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meretoja A, Kaste M, Roine RO, Juntunen M, Linna M, Hillbom M, Marttila R, Erila T, Rissanen A, Sivenius J, et al. Direct costs of patients with stroke can be continuously monitored on a national level: performance, effectiveness, and costs of treatment episodes in stroke (PERFECT stroke) database in Finland. Stroke. 2011;42(7):2007\u201312.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3836_CR3","first-page":"CD000197","volume":"9","author":"Stroke Unit Trialists Collaboration","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stroke Unit Trialists Collaboration. Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;9:CD000197.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"3836_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000125709.17337.5d","volume":"35","author":"DA Cadilhac","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cadilhac DA, Ibrahim J, Pearce DC, Ogden KJ, McNeill J, Davis SM, Donnan GA. Multicenter comparison of processes of care between stroke units and conventional care wards in Australia. Stroke. 2004;35(5):1035\u201340.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"11","key":"3836_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000245083.97460.e1","volume":"37","author":"M Moodie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moodie M, Cadilhac D, Pearce D, Mihalopoulos C, Carter R, Davis S, Donnan G. Economic evaluation of Australian stroke services: a prospective, multicenter study comparing dedicated stroke units with other care modalities. Stroke. 2006;37(11):2790\u20135.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3836_CR6","first-page":"64","volume-title":"National Stroke Audit Clinical Report: aecute services","author":"National Stroke Foundation","year":"2013","unstructured":"National Stroke Foundation. National Stroke Audit Clinical Report: aecute services. Melbourne: National Stroke Foundation; 2013. p. 64."},{"issue":"10","key":"3836_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001258","volume":"44","author":"DA Cadilhac","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cadilhac DA, Purvis T, Kilkenny MF, Longworth M, Mohr K, Pollack M, Levi CR. On behalf of New South Wales strokes services CoordinatingCommitee, Agency for Clinical Innovation: evaluation of rural stroke services: does implementation of coordinators and pathways improve care in rural hospitals? Stroke. 2013;44(10):2848\u201353.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3836_CR8","first-page":"CD002924","volume":"4","author":"J Kwan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kwan J, Sandercock P. In-hospital care pathways for stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;4:CD002924.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"3836_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-82","volume":"5","author":"CD Helfrich","year":"2010","unstructured":"Helfrich CD, Damschroder LJ, Hagedorn HJ, Daggett GS, Sahay A, Ritchie M, Damush T, Guihan M, Ullrich PM, Stetler CB. A critical synthesis of literature on the promoting action on research implementation in health services (PARIHS) framework. Implement Sci. 2010;5:82.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"3836_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-6-99","volume":"6","author":"CB Stetler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stetler CB, Damschroder LJ, Helfrich CD, Hagedorn HJ. A guide for applying a revised version of the PARIHS framework for implementation. Implement Sci. 2011;6:99.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"3836_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-1-23","volume":"1","author":"CB Stetler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stetler CB, Legro MW, Rycroft-Malone J, Bowman C, Curran G, Guihan M, Hagedorn H, Pineros S, Wallace CM. Role of \u201cexternal facilitation\u201d in implementation of research findings: a qualitative evaluation of facilitation experiences in the veterans health administration. Implement Sci. 2006;1:23.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"3836_CR12","first-page":"389","volume":"7","author":"T Purvis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Purvis T, Moss K, Denisenko S, Bladin C, Cadilhac DA. Implementation of evidence-based stroke care: enablers, barriers, and the role of facilitators. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2014;7:389\u2013400.","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"issue":"7","key":"3836_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.13458","volume":"47","author":"T Purvis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Purvis T, Moss K, Francis L, Borschmann K, Kilkenny MF, Denisenko S, Bladin CF, Cadilhac DA. Benefits of clinical facilitators on improving stroke care in acute hospitals: a new programme for Australia. Intern Med J. 2017;47(7):775\u201384.","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"3836_CR14","first-page":"158","volume-title":"Stroke care strategy for Victoria","author":"Victorian Government Department of Human Services","year":"2007","unstructured":"Victorian Government Department of Human Services. Stroke care strategy for Victoria. Melbourne: Victorian Government; 2007. p. 158."},{"key":"3836_CR15","first-page":"25","volume":"2","author":"D Harris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harris D, Cadilhac D, Hankey GJ, Hillier S, Kilkenny M, Lalor E. National Stroke Audit: the Australian experience. Clin Audit. 2010;2:25\u201331.","journal-title":"Clin Audit"},{"key":"3836_CR16","first-page":"59","volume-title":"The Australian stroke clinical registry annual report 2013","author":"DA Cadilhac","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cadilhac DA, Lannin NA, Anderson CS, Andrew N, Kim J, Kilkenny M, Fung F, Grabsch B, Levi C, Faux S, et al. The Australian stroke clinical registry annual report 2013. Heidelberg: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; 2014. p. 59."},{"key":"3836_CR17","first-page":"98","volume-title":"Victorian health services policy and funding guidelines 2010-11 \u2013 technical guidelines","author":"Victorian Department of Health","year":"2010","unstructured":"Victorian Department of Health. Victorian health services policy and funding guidelines 2010-11 \u2013 technical guidelines. Melbourne: Victorian Department of Health; 2010. p. 98."},{"key":"3836_CR18","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Victorian cost data collection: business rules for reporting 2010-11 cost data version 3.6","author":"Victorian Department of Health","year":"2012","unstructured":"Victorian Department of Health. Victorian cost data collection: business rules for reporting 2010-11 cost data version 3.6. Melbourne: Victorian Department of Health; 2012. p. 26."},{"key":"3836_CR19","first-page":"185","volume-title":"Health expenditure Australia 2010\u201311","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2012","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Health expenditure Australia 2010\u201311. Canberra: AIHW; 2012. p. 185."},{"key":"3836_CR20","unstructured":"Prices and purchasing power parities. [ \n                    http:\/\/stats.oecd.org\/Index.aspx?DatasetCode=MEI_PRICES\n                    \n                   ]."},{"issue":"6","key":"3836_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493017741382","volume":"13","author":"T Purvis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Purvis T, Kilkenny MF, Middleton S, Cadilhac DA. Influence of stroke coordinators on delivery of acute stroke care and hospital outcomes: an observational study. Int J Stroke. 2017;13(6):585\u201391.","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"issue":"7","key":"3836_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.13458","volume":"47","author":"T Purvis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Purvis T, Moss K, Francis L, Borschmann K, Kilkenny MF, Denisenko S, Bladin CF, Cadilhac DA. The benefits of clinical facilitators on improving stroke care in acute hospitals: a new program for Australia. Intern Med J. 2017;47(7):775\u201384.","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"3836_CR23","first-page":"362","volume-title":"Australian hospital statistics 2011\u201312. Health services series","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2013","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Australian hospital statistics 2011\u201312. Health services series. Canberra: AIHW; 2013. p. 362."},{"issue":"2","key":"3836_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(00)00352-5","volume":"191","author":"PA Taheri","year":"2000","unstructured":"Taheri PA, Butz DA, Greenfield LJ. Length of stay has minimal impact on the cost of hospital admission. J Am Coll Surg. 2000;191(2):123\u201330.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"3836_CR25","unstructured":"Placing facilitator in ED cuts avoidable hospital stays. Clin Resour Manag. 2001;2(2):17\u201320."},{"issue":"2","key":"3836_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2000.20.2.50","volume":"20","author":"BR Sakallaris","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sakallaris BR, Halpin LS, Knapp M, Sheridan MJ. Same-day transfer of patients to the cardiac telemetry unit after surgery: the rapid after bypass Back into telemetry (RABBIT) program. Crit Care Nurse. 2000;20(2):50\u20135 59-63, 65-58.","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurse"},{"issue":"1","key":"3836_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0163278711407313","volume":"35","author":"T Rotter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rotter T, Kinsman L, James E, Machotta A, Willis J, Snow P, Kugler J. The effects of clinical pathways on professional practice, patient outcomes, length of stay, and hospital costs: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Eval Health Prof. 2012;35(1):3\u201327.","journal-title":"Eval Health Prof"},{"issue":"3","key":"3836_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2000.tb01562.x","volume":"24","author":"T Jackson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jackson T. Cost estimates for hospital inpatient care in Australia: evaluation of alternative sources. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2000;24(3):234\u201341.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"issue":"8868","key":"3836_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92813-9","volume":"342","author":"P Langhorne","year":"1993","unstructured":"Langhorne P, Williams BO, Gilchrist W, Howie K. Do stroke units save lives? Lancet. 1993;342(8868):395\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3836_CR30","first-page":"37","volume-title":"National Stroke Audit: acute services report 2015","author":"National Stroke Foundation","year":"2015","unstructured":"National Stroke Foundation. National Stroke Audit: acute services report 2015. Melbourne: National Stroke Foundation; 2015. p. 37."},{"issue":"1","key":"3836_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000095","volume":"5","author":"L Sanders","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sanders L, Cadilhac DA, Srikanth V, Pei Chong C, Phan TG. Is nonadmission-based care for TIA patients cost-effective? A microcosting study. Neurol Clin Pract. 2015;5(1):58\u201366.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3836-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3836-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3836-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T19:06:33Z","timestamp":1579287993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3836-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3836"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3836-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 July 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (CF15\/3162\u20132,015,001,349). Individual patient consent was not obtained for this study. The need for consent was waived as we have used anonymised data for a secondary purpose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"41"}}