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Ethics approval for the ZAMSTAR and SOCS studies were obtained from the Biomedical Ethics Committee at the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; the Stellenbosch Health Research Ethics Committee, Tygerberg, South Africa; and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Individual written consent was obtained from all participants included in the ZAMSTAR SOCS cohort. Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee: Human Research (Humanities) at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (project number SU-HSD-004732).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable for this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"160"}}