{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:31:38Z","timestamp":1790778698604,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Crowding of the emergency departments is an increasing problem. Many patients with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often treated in the emergency departments for a very short period before discharged to their homes. It is possible that this treatment could take place in the patients\u2019 homes with sufficient diagnostics supporting the treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>In an effort to keep the diagnostics and treatment of some of these patients in their homes and thus to reduce the patient load at the emergency departments, we implemented a prehospital treat-and-release strategy based on ultrasonography and blood testing performed by emergency medical technicians (EMT) or paramedics (PM) in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>EMTs and PMs were enrolled in a six-hour educational program covering ultrasonography of the lungs and point of care blood tests. During the seasonal peak of COPD exacerbations (October 2018 \u2013 May 2019) all patients who were treated by the ambulance crews for respiratory insufficiency were screened in the ambulances. If the patient had uncomplicated COPD not requiring immediate transport to the hospital, ultrasonographic examination of the lungs, measurements of C-reactive protein and venous blood gases analyses were performed. The response to the initial treatment and the results obtained were discussed via telemedical consultation with a prehospital anaesthesiologist who then decided to either release the patient at the scene or to have the patient transported to the hospital. The primary outcome was strategy feasibility.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We included 100 EMTs and PMs in the study. During the study period, 771 patients with respiratory insufficiency were screened. Uncomplicated COPD was rare as only 41patients were treated according to the treat-and-release strategy. Twenty of these patients (49%) were released at the scene. In further ten patients, technical problems were encountered hindering release at the scene.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In a few selected patients with suspected acute exacerbations of COPD, it was technically and organisationally feasible for EMTs and PMs to perform prehospital POCT-ultrasound and laboratory testing and release the patients following treatment. None of the patients released at the scene requested a secondary ambulance within the first 48\u2009h following the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06305-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T11:03:02Z","timestamp":1617188582000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Prehospital emergency medical technicians can perform ultrasonography and blood analysis in prehospital evaluation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Giti","family":"Nadim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6382-9906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian B.","family":"Laursen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5718-3635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia I.","family":"Pietersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Wittrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael K.","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars B.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus-Henrik","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6783-4112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helle Marie","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Helmerik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gitte","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6418-0088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid L.","family":"Titlestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4942-6152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annmarie T.","family":"Lassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5187-7027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Mikkelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6305_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-018-0518-x","volume":"26","author":"MT B\u00f8tker","year":"2018","unstructured":"B\u00f8tker MT, Jacobsen L, Rudolph SS, Knudsen L. The role of point of care ultrasound in prehospital critical care: a systematic review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2018;26(1):51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-018-0518-x.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6305_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.11.001","volume":"82","author":"M Fischer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fischer M, Kamp J, Riesgo LG-C, IR-S OJ, Ziemann A, Krafft T, et al. Comparing emergency medical service systems\u2014a project of the European emergency data (EED) project. Resuscitation. 2011;82(3):285\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.11.001.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"8","key":"6305_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(97)10029-6","volume":"46","author":"CE McConnel","year":"1998","unstructured":"McConnel CE, Wilson RW. The demand for prehospital emergency services in an aging society. Soc Sci Med. 1998;46(8):1027\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0277-9536(97)10029-6.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"6305_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2017-207263","volume":"35","author":"L De Freitas","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Freitas L, Goodacre S, O\u2019Hara R, Thokala P, Hariharan S. Interventions to improve patient flow in emergency departments: an umbrella review. Emerg Med J. 2018;35(10):626\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/emermed-2017-207263.","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"6305_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838610","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/838610","volume":"2012","author":"A Boyle","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boyle A, Beniuk K, Higginson I, Atkinson P. Emergency department crowding: time for interventions and policy evaluations. Emerg Med Int. 2012;2012:838610\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/838610.","journal-title":"Emerg Med Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"6305_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.3.676","volume":"130","author":"J Steinmetz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Steinmetz J, Rasmussen LS, Nielsen SL. Long-term prognosis for patients with COPD treated in the prehospital setting: is it influenced by hospital admission? Chest. 2006;130(3):676\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.130.3.676.","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"1","key":"6305_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-017-0451-4","volume":"25","author":"KP Lindvig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lindvig KP, Br\u00f8chner AC, Lassen AT, Mikkelsen S. Prehospital prognosis is difficult in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2017;25(1):106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-017-0451-4.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"6305_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200310-1443OC","volume":"169","author":"TM Wilkinson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wilkinson TM, Donaldson GC, Hurst JR, Seemungal TAR, Wedzicha JA. Early therapy improves outcomes of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;169(12):1298\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200310-1443OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6305_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2013.11.001","volume":"35","author":"JA Wedzicha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wedzicha JA, Singh R, Mackay AJ. Acute COPC exacerbations. Clin Chest Med. 2014;35(1):157\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccm.2013.11.001.","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6305_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-016-0288-2","volume":"24","author":"CB Laursen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laursen CB, H\u00e4nselmann A, Posth S, Mikkelsen S, Videb\u00e6k L, Berg H. Prehospital lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a pilot study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2016;24(1):96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-016-0288-2.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6305_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-7241-21-53","volume":"21","author":"M Andersen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andersen M, Johnsen SP, S\u00f8rensen JN, Jepsen SB, Hansen JB, Christensen EF. Implementing a nation-wide criteria-based emergency medical dispatch system: a register-based follow-up study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2013;21(1):53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1757-7241-21-53.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"6305_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-019-0676-5","volume":"27","author":"TA Lindskou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lindskou TA, Mikkelsen S, Christensen EF, Hansen PA, J\u00f8rgensen G, Hendriksen OM, et al. The Danish prehospital emergency healthcare system and research possibilities. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2019;27(1):100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-019-0676-5.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"6305_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014383","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014383","volume":"7","author":"S Mikkelsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mikkelsen S, Lossius HM, Toft P, Lassen AT. Characteristics and prognoses of patients treated by an anaesthesiologist-manned prehospital emergency care unit. A retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(2):e014383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014383.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"6305_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000774","volume":"27","author":"S Mikkelsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mikkelsen S, Lassen AT. The Danish prehospital system. Eur J Emerg Med. 2020;27(6):394\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000774.","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6305_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2513-4","volume":"38","author":"G Volpicelli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Volpicelli G, Elbarbary M, Blaivas M, Lichtenstein DA, Mathis G, Kirkpatrick AW, et al. International evidence-based recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(4):577\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-012-2513-4. Epub 2012 Mar 6.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"6305_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e273","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000466","volume":"33","author":"RG Nijman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nijman RG, Moll HA, Smit FJ, Gervaix A, Weerkamp F, Vergouwe Y, et al. C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and the lab-score for detecting serious bacterial infections in febrile children at the emergency department: a prospective observational study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014;33(11):e273\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0000000000000466.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"7","key":"6305_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-2910-2","volume":"36","author":"S Hern\u00e1ndez-Bou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Bou S, Trenchs V, Vanegas MI, Valls AF, Luaces C. Evaluation of the bedside Quikread go\u00ae CRP test in the management of febrile infants at the emergency department. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017;36(7):1205\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-017-2910-2.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"6305_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22885","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22885","volume":"33","author":"ND Indrasari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Indrasari ND, Wonohutomo JP, Sukartini N. Comparison of point-of-care and central laboratory analyzers for blood gas and lactate measurements. J Clin Lab Anal. 2019;33(5):e22885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.22885.","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"6305_CR19","unstructured":"Abbott. i-STAT Alinity system. 2019. https:\/\/www.pointofcare.abbott\/int\/en\/offerings\/istat-alinity. Accessed 19 Dec 2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"6305_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001519","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01519-2020","volume":"57","author":"CB Laursen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laursen CB, Clive A, Hallifax R, Pietersen PI, Asciak R, Davidsen JR, et al. European Respiratory Society statement on thoracic ultrasound. Eur Respir J. 2021;57(3):2001519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01519-2020.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"8","key":"6305_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70135-3","volume":"2","author":"CB Laursen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Laursen CB, Sloth E, Lassen AT, Christensen RD, Lambrechtsen J, Madsen PH, et al. Point-of-care ultrasonography in patients admitted with respiratory symptoms: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(8):638\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70135-3.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6305_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.064931","volume":"62","author":"British Thoracic Society Guideline Development Group","year":"2007","unstructured":"British Thoracic Society Guideline Development Group. Intermediate care--hospital-at-home in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: British Thoracic Society guideline. Thorax. 2007;62(3):200\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.2006.064931.","journal-title":"Thorax."},{"issue":"4","key":"6305_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00180812","volume":"41","author":"B Begh\u00e9","year":"2013","unstructured":"Begh\u00e9 B, Verduri A, Roca M, Fabbri LM. Exacerbation of respiratory symptoms in COPD patients may not be exacerbations of COPD. Eur Respir J. 2013;41(4):993\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00180812.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"6305_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201204-0596PP","volume":"187","author":"J Vestbo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agust\u00ed AG, Jones PW, Vogelmeier C, Anzueto A, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(4):347\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201204-0596PP.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"6305_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120600887023","volume":"10","author":"J Roberts","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roberts J, McManus J, Harrison B. Use of ultrasonography to avoid an unnecessary procedure in the pre-hospital combat environment: a case report. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2006;10:502\u20136.","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"6305_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-019-0612-8","volume":"27","author":"ST Zwisler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zwisler ST, Zincuk Y, Bering CB, Zincuk A, Nybo M, Mikkelsen S. Diagnostic value of prehospital arterial blood gas measurements\u2013a randomised controlled trial. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2019;27(1):32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-019-0612-8.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6305_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s12245-008-0075-6","volume":"1","author":"BP Nelson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nelson BP, Chason K. Use of ultrasound by emergency medical services: a review. Int J Emerg Med. 2008;1(4):253\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12245-008-0075-6.","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6305_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2010.106484","volume":"29","author":"M Brooke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brooke M, Walton J, Scutt D, Connolly J, Jarman B. Acquisition and interpretation of focused diagnostic ultrasound images by ultrasound-naive advanced paramedics: trialling a PHUS education programme. Emerg Med J. 2012;29(4):322\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/emj.2010.106484.","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"6305_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3109\/10903127.2012.664242","volume":"16","author":"CH Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim CH, Shin SD, Song KY, Park CB. Diagnostic accuracy of focused assessment with sonography for trau-ma (FAST) examinations performed by emergency medical technicians. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2012;16(3):400\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/10903127.2012.664242.","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"6305_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6920-9-3","volume":"9","author":"VE Noble","year":"2009","unstructured":"Noble VE, Lamhaut L, Capp R, Bosson N, Liteplo A, Marx J-S, et al. Evaluation of a thoracic ultrasound training module for the detection of pneumothorax and pulmonary edema by prehospital physician care providers. BMC Med Educ. 2009;9(1):3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6920-9-3.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"12","key":"6305_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2010.096966","volume":"28","author":"B Snaith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Snaith B, Hardy M, Walker A. Emergency ultrasound in the prehospital setting: the impact of environment on examination outcomes. Emerg Med J. 2011;28(12):1063\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/emj.2010.096966.","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6305_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-017-0059-y","volume":"9","author":"SA Alzahrani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alzahrani SA, Al-Salamah MA, Al-Madani WH, Elbarbary MA. Systematic review and meta-analysis for the use of ultrasound versus radiology in diagnosing of pneumonia. Crit Ultrasound J. 2017;9(1):6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13089-017-0059-y.","journal-title":"Crit Ultrasound J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6305_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000999","volume":"81","author":"JB Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown JB, Rosengart MR, Forsythe RM, Reynolds BR, Gestring ML, Hallinan WM, et al. Not all prehospital time is equal: influence of scene time on mortality. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;81(1):93\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0000000000000999.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"6305_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.10.033","volume":"40","author":"RM Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith RM, Conn AKT. Prehospital care \u2212 scoop and run or stay and play? Injury. 2009;40(Suppl 4):S23\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2009.10.033.","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"4","key":"6305_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2015.5.25414","volume":"16","author":"SR Bhat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhat SR, Johnson DA, Pierog JE, Zaia BE, Williams SR, Gharahbaghian L. Prehospital evaluation of effusion, pneumothorax, & standstill (PEEPS): point-of-care ultrasound in emergency medical services. West J Emerg Med. 2015;16(4):503\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5811\/westjem.2015.5.25414.","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6305_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1140","volume":"115","author":"GJ Kost","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kost GJ, Ehrmeyer SS, Chernow B, Winkelman JW, Zaloga GP, Dellinger RP, et al. The laboratory-clinical interface: point-of-care testing. Chest. 1999;115(4):1140\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.115.4.1140.","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"11","key":"6305_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00181.x","volume":"15","author":"AB Storrow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Storrow AB, Zhou C, Gaddis G, Han JH, Miller K, Klubert D, et al. Decreasing lab turnaround time improves emergency department throughput and decreases emergency medical services diversion: a simulation model. Acad Emerg Med. 2008;15(11):1130\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00181.x.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6305_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1517\/17530059.2011.567263","volume":"5","author":"CT Zydron","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zydron CT, Woodworth A, Storrow AB. The future of point-of-care testing in emergency departments. Expert Opin Med Diagn. 2011;5(3):175\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/17530059.2011.567263. Epub 2011 Apr 15.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Med Diagn"}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-021-06305-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12913-021-06305-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-021-06305-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T11:07:24Z","timestamp":1617188844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12913-021-06305-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-021-06305-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Scientific ethical approval for this study was waived by the Regional Scientific Ethics Committee of Southern Denmark as the committee considered the study a quality assurance study (project-ID: S\u2009\u2212\u200920182000\u2009\u2212\u2009130). According to the Danish legislative requirements, the study was subsequently approved as a quality assurance study by the Prehospital Director of the Region of Southern Denmark (project-ID: 19\/14433) and approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (project-ID: 20\/24845). Informed consent was obtained from the participants when they were included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and consent to publication. No person-identifiable information about the participating patients are provided in this manuscript. Thus, Patients\u2019 consent for publication is \u201cNot Applicable\u201d.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The regional ambulance company, AmbulanceSyd (represented in this publication by authors DW, SH), sponsored the study and has a potential interest in the study. The privately owned ambulance company, Response, and their owner, Falck, (represented by authors MKS, LBN, C-HR) all had a commercial interest in the concept. However, apart from contributing to the design of the study, the ambulance companies had no role in the analyses or interpretation of data or in the decision to publish the results. Authors GN, CBL, PIP, HMC, GJ, ILT. ATL, and SM had no competing interests in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"290"}}