{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T09:05:41Z","timestamp":1767171941602,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Malawi Ministry of Health implemented a new surveillance activity in April 2019 to detect recent HIV infections using a rapid test for recent infection (RTRI) to identify areas of ongoing transmission and guide response activities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At 23 health facilities in Blantyre District, healthcare workers (HCWs) were trained to conduct recent infection testing. In September 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional survey at these sites to explore the acceptability and feasibility of integrating this activity into routine HIV testing services (HTS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research assistants interviewed HCWs using a semi-structured survey. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize quantitative responses and thematic analysis was used to group open-ended text.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We interviewed 119 HCWs. Eighty-two percent of participants reported the RTRI was easy-to-use. HCWs perceived high client acceptability; 100% reported clients as \u2018somewhat\u2019 or \u2018very accepting\u2019. Challenges included 68% of HCWs estimating they spend \u226520\u2009min beyond routine HTS per client for this activity and 51% performing at least two additional finger pricks to complete the testing algorithm. HCWs differed in their perceptions of whether results should be returned to clients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assessed HCW experiences using point-of-care RTRIs for HIV recent infection surveillance. Overall, HCWs perceived RTRIs to be acceptable, easy-to-use, and valuable. Though only clients with\u00a0new HIV diagnoses are tested for recent infection, additional time may be substantial at high-volume health service delivery points. Providing response plans or aggregated recent infection results to HCWs and\/or clients may support motivation and sustainability of this novel surveillance activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07600-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T07:03:01Z","timestamp":1647327781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Acceptability and feasibility of HIV recent infection surveillance by healthcare workers using a rapid test for recent infection at HIV testing sites \u2014 Malawi, 2019"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2442-3692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa M.","family":"Arons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn G.","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malango","family":"Msukwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Theu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"O\u2019Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ireen","family":"Namakhoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carson","family":"Telford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vedapuri","family":"Shanmugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Parekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trudy","family":"Dobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salem","family":"Gugsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"7600_CR1","unstructured":"UNAIDS. UNAIDS data 2020. 2020. Available at: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/documents\/2020\/unaids-data. Accessed 18 Aug 2021."},{"key":"7600_CR2","volume-title":"Malawi Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (MPHIA) 2015-2016: Final Report","author":"Ministry of Health, Malawi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Malawi. Malawi Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (MPHIA) 2015-2016: Final Report. Lilongwe: Ministry of Health; 2018."},{"key":"7600_CR3","unstructured":"Parekh B, Detorio, M., Shanmugam, V., Yufenyuy, E., Dobbs, T., Kim, A. Performance evaluation of Asante\u2122 Rapid Recency Assay for HIV diagnosis and detection of recent infection: potential for surveillance and prevention. IAS 2017. 9th IAS Conference on HIV Science. Paris, France; Abstract TUPEC0849. 2017. http:\/\/www.ias2017.org\/Portals\/1\/Files\/IAS2017_LO.compressed.pdf"},{"key":"7600_CR4","volume-title":"Technical update on HIV incidence assays for surveillance and monitoring purposes","author":"UNAIDS\/WHO Working Group on Global HIV\/AIDS and STI surveillance","year":"2015","unstructured":"UNAIDS\/WHO Working Group on Global HIV\/AIDS and STI surveillance. Technical update on HIV incidence assays for surveillance and monitoring purposes. Geneva: WHO; 2015."},{"key":"7600_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001421","volume":"75","author":"JM Fogel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fogel JM, Piwowar-Manning E, Debevec B, et al. Brief report: impact of early antiretroviral therapy on the performance of HIV rapid tests and HIV incidence assays. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017;75:426\u201330.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"7600_CR6","unstructured":"QA Karim. Scientific advisory board, Recency testing expert working group: recommendations on communicating individual results from Recency testing. PEPFAR."},{"key":"7600_CR7","unstructured":"Sedia Biosciences Corporation. Asante HIV-1 Rapid Recency Assay. Certification for U.S. institutions regarding research use only of Asante HIV-1 Rapid Recency Assay. Certification-for-U.S.-Rapid-Recency-Assay-Customers-04-17.pdf (sediabio.com)."},{"key":"7600_CR8","unstructured":"Maguire M, Delahunt B. Doing a Thematic Analysis: A Practical, Step-by-Step Guide for Learning and Teaching Scholars. Dundalk Institute of Technology. AISHE-J. 2017;8(3). https:\/\/phia.icap.columbia.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/MPHIA-Final-Report_web.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"7600_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002317","volume":"84","author":"S Welty","year":"2020","unstructured":"Welty S, Motoku J, Muriithi C, Rice B, de Wit M, Ashanda B, et al. 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This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The questionnaire and methodology for this study was approved by the Malawi National Health Sciences Research Committee and the CDC. The study received ethical approval from Malawi National Health Sciences Research Committee. All participants provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"As an inventor of a HIV rapid test for recent infection and as per policy of US government, B.P. receives royalties from the sale of this assay. There are no patents relating to this assay. This does not alter the authors\u2019 adherence to all AIDS policies on sharing data and materials. No other authors have conflicts of interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"341"}}