{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:14:26Z","timestamp":1791562466074,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The economic and health burden of COVID-19 has transformed the healthcare system in the US. Hospitals have adapted to the heterogeneity in long COVID symptoms, and the sheer number of people affected by this condition, by building long COVID centers and programs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We sought to describe characteristics, services, and clinical trials of long COVID centers at top US hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cross-sectional analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Long COVID treatment programs or centers at top US hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Frequency of long COVID centers, eligibility for being treated, the services they provide, specialist to whom the patients may be referred, and the long COVID clinical trials in which these hospitals participate.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Most top hospitals in the US (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200943\/50; 86%) offer long COVID services. 65% (28\/43) did not describe the services provided. 12 (28%) required a referral from a primary care physician. The most common services were meeting with a team member (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920; 47%), ordering lab and\/or radiology services (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098; 18.6%), and administering a physical exam (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097; 16%). 7 (16%) centers\/programs treated only adults; 5 (12%) treated both adults and children, and 31 (72%) did not specify. The most common specialists described were psychology (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925; 58%), neurology (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925; 58%), and pulmonary (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924; 56%). Sixty-three trials (of 134\u00a0long COVID clinical trials) had at least one top hospital listed as a study site. The median number of clinical trials that each hospital sponsored or was a study site was 2 (interquartile range: 1, 3).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We find that services offered at long COVID clinics at top hospitals in the US often include meeting with a team member and referrals to a wide range of specialists. The diversity in long COVID services offered parallels the diversity in long COVID symptoms, suggesting a need for better consensus in developing and delivering treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11071-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T07:17:27Z","timestamp":1717053447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Long COVID clinics and services offered by top US hospitals: an empirical analysis of clinical options as of May 2023"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Alyson","family":"Haslam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinay","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"11071_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13989","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13989","volume":"25","author":"A Haslam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haslam A, Olivier T, Prasad V. The definition of long COVID used in interventional studies. Eur J Clin Invest March. 2023;25:e13989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eci.13989.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest March"},{"key":"11071_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haslam A, Prasad V. Comparability of control and comparison groups in studies assessing long COVID. Am J Med. January 2023;25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.01.005"},{"key":"11071_CR3","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. Nearly One in Five American Adults Who Have Had COVID-19 Still Have. Long COVID. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 22, 2022. Accessed January 10, 2023. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/pressroom\/nchs_press_releases\/2022\/20220622.htm."},{"key":"11071_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cutler DM. The economic cost of long COVID: an update. July; 2022.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2022.1809"},{"key":"11071_CR5","unstructured":"McKinsey Executive Briefing. Coronavirus\u2019 business impact: Evolving perspective - COVID-19: Briefing note #98. McKinsey. March 30. 2022. Accessed July 7, 2023. https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/capabilities\/risk-and-resilience\/our-insights\/covid-19-implications-for-business."},{"key":"11071_CR6","unstructured":"ACL Administration for Community Living. Resources for People with Long COVID, March. 16, 2023. Accessed July 6, 2023. https:\/\/acl.gov\/covid19\/resources-people-experiencing-long-covid."},{"key":"11071_CR7","unstructured":"World\u2019s Best Hospitals 2023 - United States. Newsweek. Accessed July 6. 2023. https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/rankings\/worlds-best-hospitals-2023\/united-states."},{"key":"11071_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bramante CT, Buse JB, Liebovitz DM, et al. Outpatient treatment of COVID-19 and incidence of post-COVID-19 condition over 10 months (COVID-OUT): a multicentre, randomised, quadruple-blind, parallel-group, phase 3 trial. Lancet Infect Dis June. 2023;8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00299-2.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00299-2"},{"issue":"15","key":"11071_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E405","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.200438","volume":"192","author":"MP Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng MP, Lee TC, Tan DHS, Murthy S. Generating randomized trial evidence to optimize treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic. CMAJ. 2020;192(15):E405\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.200438.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"11071_CR10","unstructured":"Ladyzhets B. Where are the long COVID clinics? Science News. November 3, 2022. Accessed July 6, 2023. https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/long-covid-clinics-map-locations-prevalence."},{"key":"11071_CR11","unstructured":"How can hospitals brace for the financial hit of long COVID? Wolters Kluwer. January 26. 2023. Accessed July 6, 2023. https:\/\/www.wolterskluwer.com\/en\/expert-insights\/how-can-hospitals-brace-for-the-financial-hit-of-long-covid."},{"issue":"2","key":"11071_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E205","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20150116","volume":"4","author":"J Widdifield","year":"2016","unstructured":"Widdifield J, Bernatsky S, Thorne JC, et al. Wait times to rheumatology care for patients with rheumatic diseases: a data linkage study of primary care electronic medical records and administrative data. CMAJ Open. 2016;4(2):E205\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9778\/cmajo.20150116.","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"11071_CR13","unstructured":"AMN Healthcare. Survey of Physician Appointment Wait Times and Medicare and Medicaid Acceptance Rates. 2022."},{"key":"11071_CR14","unstructured":"Ducharme J, Long COVID. Patients Wait Months for Treatment. Time. February 3, 2022. Accessed July 6, 2023. https:\/\/time.com\/6144427\/long-covid-treatments-health-care-wait\/."}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-024-11071-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12913-024-11071-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-024-11071-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T07:23:54Z","timestamp":1717053834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12913-024-11071-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-024-11071-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Vinay Prasad\u2019s Disclosures. (Research funding) Arnold Ventures (Royalties) Johns Hopkins Press, Medscape, and MedPage (Honoraria) Grand Rounds\/lectures from universities, medical centers, non-profits, and professional societies. (Consulting) UnitedHealthcare and OptumRX. (Other) Plenary Session podcast has Patreon backers, YouTube, and Substack. Alyson Haslam has no disclosures to report.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"684"}}