{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:35:36Z","timestamp":1787020536061,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021078","name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Norwegian colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program started in May 2022. Inequalities in CRC screening participation are a challenge, and we expect that certain groups, such as immigrants, are at risk of non-participation. Prior to the start of the national screening program, a pilot study showed lower participation rates in CRC screening among immigrants from Pakistan. These immigrants are a populous group with a long history in Norway and yet have a relatively low participation rate also in other cancer screening programs. The purpose of this study was to identify and explore perspectives and factors influencing CRC screening participation among immigrants from Pakistan in Norway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study we used a qualitative study design and conducted 12 individual interviews with Pakistani immigrants aged between 50 and 65 years. The participants varied in terms of gender, age, education, work, residence time in Norway and familiarity with the Norwegian language and culture. We performed thematic analysis with health literacy as a theoretical framework to understand Pakistani immigrants\u2019 perspectives on CRC screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified four main themes: Health-related knowledge, the health care system, screening, and social factors. Within these themes we identified several factors that affect Pakistani immigrants\u2019 accessibility to CRC screening. These factors included knowledge of the causes and development of cancer, sources of health-related information, the general practitioner\u2019s role, understanding of screening and the intention behind it, language skills and religious beliefs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are many factors influencing Pakistani immigrants\u2019 decision of participation in CRC screening. The roles of the general practitioner and adult children are particularly important. Key elements to improve accessibility to CRC screening and enable informed participation for Pakistani immigrants are measures that improve personal and organizational health literacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11275-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T04:03:33Z","timestamp":1720670613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Access to colorectal cancer screening for Pakistani immigrants in Norway \u2013 a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Berstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marit","family":"Solbj\u00f8r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esperanza","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Czapka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solveig","family":"Hofvind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Bhargava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"11275_CR1","unstructured":"Ferlay JEM, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Pi\u00f1eros M et al. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2020 [ https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today."},{"key":"11275_CR2","unstructured":"Kreft i Norge Oslo, Norway: Cancer Registry of Norway. 2023 [ https:\/\/www.kreftregisteret.no\/Temasider\/om-kreft\/."},{"key":"11275_CR3","unstructured":"Nasjonalt kvalitetsregister for tykk- og endetarmskreft. \u00c5rsrapport 2015. Oslo, Norway: Cancer Registry of Norway; 2016."},{"key":"11275_CR4","unstructured":"Council recommendation on strengthening prevention through early detection. A new EU approach on cancer screening replacing Council Recommendation 2003\/878\/EC \u2013 Adoption 2022: European Union; 2022 [Available from: EUR-Lex \u2013\u200932022H1213(01) - EN - EUR-Lex (europa.eu)."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"11275_CR5","first-page":"Se49","volume":"44","author":"S Moss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moss S, Ancelle-Park R, Brenner H. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First Edition\u2013evaluation and interpretation of screening outcomes. Endoscopy. 2012;44(Suppl 3):Se49\u201364.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"12","key":"11275_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3344","volume":"22","author":"VA Andreeva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andreeva VA, Pokhrel P. Breast cancer screening utilization among eastern European immigrant women worldwide: a systematic literature review and a focus on psychosocial barriers. Psychooncology. 2013;22(12):2664\u201375.","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"issue":"4","key":"11275_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckp051","volume":"19","author":"M Deutekom","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deutekom M, van Rijn AF, Dekker E, Blaauwgeers H, Stronks K, Fockens P, et al. Uptake of faecal occult blood test colorectal cancer screening by different ethnic groups in the Netherlands. Eur J Public Health. 2009;19(4):400\u20132.","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"11275_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/0969141317733771","volume":"25","author":"S Bhargava","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhargava S, Tsuruda K, Moen K, Bukholm I, Hofvind S. Lower attendance rates in immigrant versus non-immigrant women in the Norwegian breast Cancer Screening Programme. J Med Screen. 2018;25(3):155\u201361.","journal-title":"J Med Screen"},{"issue":"6","key":"11275_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000311","volume":"26","author":"KA Moen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moen KA, Kumar B, Qureshi S, Diaz E. Differences in cervical cancer screening between immigrants and nonimmigrants in Norway: a primary healthcare register-based study. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2017;26(6):521\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"11275_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254905","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1254905","volume":"11","author":"S Bhargava","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhargava S, Botteri E, Berthelsen M, Iqbal N, Randel KR, Holme O, et al. Lower participation among immigrants in colorectal cancer screening in Norway. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1254905.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"11275_CR11","unstructured":"Tarmscreening pilotprosjekt Oslo. Norway: Cancer Registry of Norway 2024 [ https:\/\/www.kreftregisteret.no\/screening\/tarmscreening\/Forskning\/piloten\/."},{"key":"11275_CR12","volume-title":"IARC handbooks of Cancer Prevention","author":"Colorectal Cancer Screening","year":"2019","unstructured":"Colorectal Cancer Screening. IARC handbooks of Cancer Prevention. Lyon, France: IARC; 2019."},{"issue":"5","key":"11275_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2023.24.5.1463","volume":"24","author":"J Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee J, Ewing B, Holmes D. Barriers and facilitators to Colorectal Cancer Screening in South Asian immigrants: a systematic review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2023;24(5):1463\u201375.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"11275_CR14","unstructured":"Fakta om innvandring Oslo, Norway: Statistics Norway. 2023 [ https:\/\/www.ssb.no\/innvandring-og-innvandrere\/faktaside\/innvandring."},{"key":"11275_CR15","unstructured":"Health Promotion Glossary of Terms 2021 Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. 2021 [ https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240038349."},{"issue":"5","key":"11275_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dax015","volume":"33","author":"D Nutbeam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nutbeam D, McGill B, Premkumar P. Improving health literacy in community populations: a review of progress. Health Promot Int. 2017;33(5):901\u201311.","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"11275_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/15.3.259","volume":"15","author":"D Nutbeam","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promot Int. 2000;15(3):259\u201367.","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"key":"11275_CR18","unstructured":"Health literacy - The solid facts. Kickbusch I, Pelikan JM, Apfel F, Tsouros AD, editors Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2013."},{"key":"11275_CR19","volume-title":"Helsekompetansen i fem utvalgte innvandrerpopulasjoner i Norge: Pakistan, Polen, Somalia, Tyrkia Og Vietnam. Befolkningens Helsekompetanse, Del II","author":"C Le","year":"2021","unstructured":"Le C, Finbr\u00e5ten HS, Pettersen KS, Guttersrud \u00d8, Joranger P. Helsekompetansen i fem utvalgte innvandrerpopulasjoner i Norge: Pakistan, Polen, Somalia, Tyrkia Og Vietnam. Befolkningens Helsekompetanse, Del II. Oslo, Norway: Helsedirektoratet; 2021."},{"key":"11275_CR20","unstructured":"Innvandrere og deres barn - en mangfoldig gruppe Oslo, Norway: Statistics Norway. 2023 [ https:\/\/www.ssb.no\/befolkning\/innvandrere\/artikler\/innvandrerne-og-deres-barn--en-mangfoldig-gruppe."},{"key":"11275_CR21","volume-title":"14 prosent av befolkningen er innvandrere","author":"S Norway","year":"2018","unstructured":"Norway S. 14 prosent av befolkningen er innvandrere. Oslo, Norway: Statistics Norway; 2018."},{"key":"11275_CR22","volume-title":"Etterkommere Av Innvandrere i Norge","author":"AH Midtb\u00f8en","year":"2019","unstructured":"Midtb\u00f8en AH. Etterkommere Av Innvandrere i Norge. Oslo, Norway: Institutt for samfunnsforskning; 2019."},{"key":"11275_CR23","unstructured":"4 prosent muslimer i Norge? Oslo, Norway: Statistics Norway. 2017 [ https:\/\/www.ssb.no\/befolkning\/artikler-og-publikasjoner\/4-prosent-muslimer-i-norge."},{"key":"11275_CR24","unstructured":"Arbeidskraftunders\u00f8kelsen, Statistics Norway.; 2024 [ https:\/\/www.ssb.no\/arbeid-og-lonn\/sysselsetting\/statistikk\/arbeidskraftundersokelsen."},{"key":"11275_CR25","volume-title":"Innvandrere Og norskf\u00f8dte med innvandrerforeldre i Oslo. Oslo-Kongsvinger","author":"E H\u00f8ydahl","year":"2023","unstructured":"H\u00f8ydahl E. Innvandrere Og norskf\u00f8dte med innvandrerforeldre i Oslo. Oslo-Kongsvinger. Norway: Statistics Norway; 2023. Report No.: 2014\/23."},{"issue":"1","key":"11275_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/migration\/mnt022","volume":"2","author":"J Carling","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carling J, Erdal MB, Ezzati R. Beyond the insider\u2013outsider divide in migration research. Migration Stud. 2013;2(1):36\u201354.","journal-title":"Migration Stud"},{"key":"11275_CR27","unstructured":"Pool R, Geissler W. Medical Anthropology: McGraw-Hill Education; 2005."},{"key":"11275_CR28","first-page":"256","volume-title":"Kvalitative forskningsmetoder for medisin og helsefag","author":"K Malterud","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malterud K. Kvalitative forskningsmetoder for medisin og helsefag. Oslo, Norway: Universitetsforlaget; 2017. p. 256."},{"key":"11275_CR29","volume-title":"Thematic analysis: a practical guide","author":"V Braun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Thematic analysis: a practical guide. London, UK: SAGE Publications Ltd.; 2021."},{"key":"11275_CR30","unstructured":"Helfo. Contract specialists [Internet]. Oslo: The Directorate of e-health; [updated June 21, 2023. https:\/\/www.helsenorge.no\/en\/therapists\/contract-specialists\/."},{"issue":"4","key":"11275_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1258\/jms.2009.009080","volume":"16","author":"KL Austin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Austin KL, Power E, Solarin I, Atkin WS, Wardle J, Robb KA. Perceived barriers to flexible sigmoidoscopy screening for colorectal cancer among UK ethnic minority groups: a qualitative study. J Med Screen. 2009;16(4):174\u20139.","journal-title":"J Med Screen"},{"issue":"3","key":"11275_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1258\/jms.2010.009112","volume":"17","author":"K Robb","year":"2010","unstructured":"Robb K, Wardle J, Stubbings S, Ramirez A, Austoker J, Macleod U, et al. Ethnic disparities in knowledge of cancer screening programmes in the UK. J Med Screen. 2010;17(3):125\u201331.","journal-title":"J Med Screen"},{"issue":"6","key":"11275_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12428","volume":"19","author":"AJ Woudstra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Woudstra AJ, Dekker E, Essink-Bot ML, Suurmond J. Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding colorectal cancer screening among ethnic minority groups in the Netherlands - a qualitative study. Health Expect. 2016;19(6):1312\u201323.","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"issue":"1","key":"11275_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08719-3","volume":"22","author":"S Bhargava","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhargava S, Czapka E, Hofvind S, Kristiansen M, Diaz E, Berstad P. Polish immigrants\u2019 access to colorectal cancer screening in Norway \u2013 a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22(1):1332.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"11275_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1108\/IJMHSC-09-2014-0037","volume":"11","author":"J Crawford","year":"2015","unstructured":"Crawford J, Ahmad F, Beaton D, Bierman A. Colorectal cancer screening behaviors among south Asian immigrants in Canada: a qualitative study. Int J Migration Health Social Care. 2015;11:130\u201346.","journal-title":"Int J Migration Health Social Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"11275_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-020-01715-3","volume":"36","author":"E Kazi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kazi E, Sareshwala S, Ansari Z, Sahota D, Katyal T, Tseng W, et al. Promoting Colorectal Cancer Screening in south Asian muslims living in the USA. J Cancer Educ. 2021;36(4):865\u201373.","journal-title":"J Cancer Educ"},{"key":"11275_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S572","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-200910003-01520","volume":"104","author":"O Khokhar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Khokhar O, Khatri N, Lewis J. Colon Cancer Screening Rates and Knowledge among South asians in the U.S.: when Culture clashes with recommendations: 1520. Official J Am Coll Gastroenterol | ACG. 2009;104:S572.","journal-title":"Official J Am Coll Gastroenterol | ACG"},{"key":"11275_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2334-9","volume":"15","author":"CK Palmer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palmer CK, Thomas MC, McGregor LM, von Wagner C, Raine R. Understanding low colorectal cancer screening uptake in south Asian faith communities in England\u2013a qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:998.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"11275_CR39","unstructured":"Healthy People 2030: Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.; 2020 [ https:\/\/health.gov\/healthypeople\/priority-areas\/social-determinants-health\/literature-summaries\/health-literacy."},{"issue":"9","key":"11275_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205846011987501","DOI":"10.1177\/2058460119875015","volume":"8","author":"S Bhargava","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhargava S, Hofvind S, Moen K. Gender, letters, relatives, and God: mediating actors in mammographic screening among Pakistani women in Norway. Acta Radiol Open. 2019;8(9):2058460119875015.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"11275_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.02.020","volume":"59","author":"SR Cotten","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cotten SR, Gupta SS. Characteristics of online and offline health information seekers and factors that discriminate between them. Soc Sci Med. 2004;59(9):1795\u2013806.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"11275_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/17538157.2017.1364247","volume":"43","author":"L Griebel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Griebel L, Enwald H, Gilstad H, Pohl A-L, Moreland J, Sedlmayr M. eHealth literacy research\u2014quo vadis? Inform Health Soc Care. 2018;43(4):427\u201342.","journal-title":"Inform Health Soc Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"11275_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9276-12-18","volume":"12","author":"J-F Levesque","year":"2013","unstructured":"Levesque J-F, Harris MF, Russell G. Patient-centred access to health care: conceptualising access at the interface of health systems and populations. Int J Equity Health. 2013;12(1):18.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"11275_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-020-01707-3","volume":"36","author":"S Patel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patel S, Kranick J, Manne S, Shah K, Raveis V, Ravenell J, et al. A Population Health Equity Approach reveals persisting disparities in Colorectal Cancer Screening in New York City South Asian Communities. J Cancer Educ. 2021;36(4):804\u201310.","journal-title":"J Cancer Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"11275_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605130","volume":"101","author":"T Taskila","year":"2009","unstructured":"Taskila T, Wilson S, Damery S, Roalfe A, Redman V, Ismail T, et al. Factors affecting attitudes toward colorectal cancer screening in the primary care population. Br J Cancer. 2009;101(2):250\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"11275_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e201903","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.1903","volume":"3","author":"KA M\u00f8en","year":"2020","unstructured":"M\u00f8en KA, Kumar B, Igland J, Diaz E. Effect of an intervention in General Practice to increase the participation of immigrants in Cervical Cancer Screening: a Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(4):e201903.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"11275_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-34","volume":"8","author":"KA Robb","year":"2008","unstructured":"Robb KA, Solarin I, Power E, Atkin W, Wardle J. Attitudes to colorectal cancer screening among ethnic minority groups in the UK. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:34.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"11275_CR48","unstructured":"Kreftregisteret, Cancer Registry of Norway.; 2024 [ https:\/\/www.kreftregisteret.no\/."},{"key":"11275_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e075465","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-075465","volume":"382","author":"S Hofvind","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hofvind S, Iqbal N, Thy JE, Mangerud G, Bhargava S, Zackrisson S, et al. Effect of invitation letter in language of origin on screening attendance: randomised controlled trial in BreastScreen Norway. BMJ. 2023;382:e075465.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"11275_CR50","volume-title":"Tiltak for \u00f8kt Bevissthet Om Mammografiprogrammet Og Masseunders\u00f8kelsen mot livmorhalskreft \u2013 et oppm\u00f8teprosjekt","author":"R Waage","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waage R, Mangerud G. Tiltak for \u00f8kt Bevissthet Om Mammografiprogrammet Og Masseunders\u00f8kelsen mot livmorhalskreft \u2013 et oppm\u00f8teprosjekt. Oslo: Cancer Registry Norway; 2010."}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-024-11275-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12913-024-11275-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-024-11275-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T04:06:16Z","timestamp":1720670776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12913-024-11275-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-024-11275-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Norwegian Data Protection Authority at Oslo University Hospital (20\/15902). Informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"SB has received personal fees from Gilead outside the submitted work. Apart from this, the authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"799"}}