{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:23:33Z","timestamp":1790231013578,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>AcuPebble SA100 (\u2018AcuPebble\u2019) is a novel wearable medical device to diagnose obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This paper investigates the potential economic impact of the technology in the UK through cost savings analysis, and the redirection of savings into further diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A cost comparison study was conducted, comparing AcuPebble to the standard diagnostic approach of home respiratory polygraphy (HRP) and in-clinic polysomnography (PSG), estimating the net benefit value (NBV) and return on investment (ROI). Cohort size was varied to model the effects of volume discounted pricing and staff training costs. To demonstrate the potential for cost savings, data on the healthcare costs of undiagnosed OSA patients were used to quantify the benefit of increased OSA diagnosis rates, as facilitated by AcuPebble.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For 500 uses of AcuPebble, the NBV in the diagnostic pathway over one year would be in excess of \u00a3101,169, increasing to \u00a3341,665 for 1,500 uses, \u00a31,263,993 for 5,000 uses, and to \u00a32,628,198 for 10,000 uses, with ROIs of 2.02, 3.03, 5.05, and 6.56, respectively. Given an initial cohort of 1,500 patients, 4,555 extra AcuPebble studies could be completed by redirecting resources from HRP\/PSG. Direct cost savings to the NHS from resultant lower undiagnosed rates could be between \u00a324,147 and \u00a34,707,810, based on the cost per use and the percentage of tests that result in a positive diagnosis (varied from 25 to 75% positives).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>AcuPebble presents an opportunity for substantial healthcare savings, enabling an increase in the number of people tested, diagnosed and treated for OSA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11694-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T19:03:03Z","timestamp":1730487783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Economic impact case study of a wearable medical device for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jo","family":"Setters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Paynter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Hanlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"11694_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5","volume":"7","author":"AV Benjafield","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benjafield AV, Ayas NT, Eastwood PR, Heinzer R, Ip MSM, Morrell MJ, et al. Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7(8):687\u201398.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"11694_CR2","unstructured":"The Harvard Medical School Division of Sleep Medicine. The Price of Fatigue: The surprising economic costs of unmanaged sleep apnea. https:\/\/sleep.hms.harvard.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/assets\/Images\/The_Price_of_Fatigue.pdf. Cited 2023 Dec 5."},{"issue":"6","key":"11694_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.085464","volume":"63","author":"AT Mulgrew","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mulgrew AT, Nasvadi G, Butt A, Cheema R, Fox N, Fleetham JA, et al. Risk and severity of motor vehicle crashes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea\/hypopnoea. 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Southwest J Pulm Crit Care. 2021;23(1):23\u201335.","journal-title":"Southwest J Pulm Crit Care."},{"issue":"5","key":"11694_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0268677","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268677","volume":"17","author":"L Borsoi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Borsoi L, Armeni P, Donin G, Costa F, Ferini-Strambi L. The invisible costs of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): Systematic review and cost-of-illness analysis. Chen TH, editor. PLOS ONE. 2022;17(5):e0268677.","journal-title":"PLOS ONE."},{"issue":"1","key":"11694_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000743","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2020-000743","volume":"7","author":"N Devani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Devani N, Aslan T, Leske F, Mansell SK, Morgan S, Mandal S. Integrated diagnostic pathway for patients referred with suspected OSA: a model for collaboration across the primary-secondary care interface. 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Personal Social Services Research Unit (University of Kent) & Centre for Health Economics (University of York); 2024. https:\/\/kar.kent.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/105685.Cited 2024 Aug 12."},{"key":"11694_CR17","unstructured":"NHS England. Monthly Diagnostic Waiting Times and Activity. https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/statistics\/statistical-work-areas\/diagnostics-waiting-times-and-activity\/monthly-diagnostics-waiting-times-and-activity\/. Cited 2024 Aug 2."},{"key":"11694_CR18","unstructured":"Sleep Apnoea Trust. The Sleep Apnoea Trust. Sleep Apnoea Trust list of Sleep Clinics in the UK. https:\/\/sleep-apnoea-trust.org\/sleep-apnoea-trust-list-nhs-sleep-clinics-uk\/. Cited 2024 Aug 2."},{"key":"11694_CR19","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Obstructive sleep apnoea\/hypopnoea syndrome and obesity hypoventilation syndrome in over 16s, Resource Impact Report. 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Authors Jo Setters and Jo Hanlon have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1337"}}