{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T02:15:08Z","timestamp":1767665708652,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovation Fund of the Federal Joint Committee","award":["01VSF17016","01VSF17016","01VSF17016","01VSF17016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01VSF17016","01VSF17016","01VSF17016","01VSF17016"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008967","name":"Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008967","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Rising costs are a challenge for healthcare systems. To keep expenditure for drugs under control, in many healthcare systems, drug prescribing is continuously monitored. The Bavarian Drug Agreement (German: Wirkstoffvereinbarung or WSV) for the ambulatory sector in Bavaria (the federal state of Germany) was developed for this purpose. Physicians must reach defined drug target quotas for prescribing generic drugs and certain recommended drugs specified and measured with defined daily doses (DDD). A subgroup of physicians, known as outliers, may miss their drug targets. The objective of this qualitative study was to understand the reasons physicians miss their targets.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We identified outliers based on drug prescribing data from the association of statutory health insurance (SHI)-accredited physicians (KV). Outliers were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Out of 401 outliers thus identified <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926 physicians were interviewed. Their prescribing behaviours are affected by competing demands regarding drug decisions, such as saving staff time, costs, and discussions with patients. Often, their freedom to prescribe is limited by previous prescribers. Ease of administration of drugs not recommended also plays a role. Uncritical enthusiasm regarding the effectiveness and safety of drugs with recommendations, often reinforced by pharmaceutical marketing, leads to missed targets. Some physicians have coping strategies to avoid becoming outliers.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Investigating physicians not meeting their targets helps us understand beliefs and barriers for appropriate drug prescribing. Based on these kinds of findings, surveillance procedures can be improved, and physicians can receive support to meet targets in the future.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This trial has been registered in the German Register of Clinical Trials (DRKS: DRKS00016161; registration date 07. December 2018).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-12189-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T11:42:56Z","timestamp":1735904576000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Surveillance of drug prescribing: why outliers miss their targets \u2013 a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Gollnick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikoletta","family":"Zeschick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"H\u00f6rbrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Killian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Sebastiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"K\u00fchlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Donner-Banzhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"12189_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1873","volume":"37","author":"GT Schumock","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schumock GT, Vermeulen LC. 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We obtained permission from the ethics committee of the Philipps University of Marburg (Study 118\/18, 05.09.2018). This part of the subproject of the WirtMed study has been registered with the German Register for Clinical Studies (DRKS-ID DRKS00016161). Consent to participate was obtained in a written form from all interview participants before the interview was conducted. Possible participants were informed about the research topic and group of interest (missing their drug targets) both in the invitation letter and in the study information (after expressing interest). Before the start of conducting and recording the interviews a second, verbal consent was given by participants after explaining the research topic and the group of interest (see Supplement, S1: interview guide).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Franziska H\u00f6rbrand and Peter Killian are full-time employees of the KV Bavaria. The KV is responsible for the design and implementation of the WSV. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests and are neither working for the pharmaceutical industry nor the SHI, the KV or other payer institutions.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"17"}}