{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:55:56Z","timestamp":1791960956998,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005716","name":"Babol University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72413450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72413450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-12682-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T09:39:36Z","timestamp":1744709976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Experiences of women with threatened abortion: a qualitative study of pregnant women and health providers in Iran"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2679-5449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyyedeh Mahboobeh","family":"Mirtabar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7536-7267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahnaz","family":"Barat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1420-5480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzan","family":"Kheirkhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3317-0869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amrolah","family":"Mostafazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5682-1153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoda","family":"Shirafkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4464-3740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeinab","family":"Pahlavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3568-7039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahbobeh","family":"Faramarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"12682_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e017802","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017802","volume":"7","author":"I San Lazaro Campillo","year":"2017","unstructured":"San Lazaro Campillo I, Meaney S, McNamara K, O\u2019Donoghue K. Psychological and support interventions to reduce levels of stress, anxiety or depression on women\u2019s subsequent pregnancy with a history of miscarriage: an empty systematic review. BMJ Open. 2017;7:e017802.","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"12682_CR2","unstructured":"Alves C, Rapp A. Spontaneous Abortion. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2022."},{"key":"12682_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16026","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016026","volume":"98","author":"S Yuan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuan S, Gao F, Xin Z, Guo H, Shi S, Shi L, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of phloroglucinol and magnesium sulfate in the treatment of threatened abortion. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98:e16026.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"12682_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3616875","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3616875","volume":"2017","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Park TC, Kim JH, Norwitz E, Lee B. The Influence of Oral Dydrogesterone and Vaginal Progesterone on Threatened Abortion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:e3616875.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"12682_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wahabi HA, Fayed AA, Esmaeil SA, Bahkali KH. Progestogen for treating threatened miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005943.pub5.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005943.pub5"},{"key":"12682_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.5505\/ejm.2020.82246","volume":"25","author":"K Zareba","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zareba K, La Rosa VL, Ciebiera M, Makara-Studzi\u0144ska M, Commodari E, Gierus J. Psychological effects of abortion. An updated narrative review. Eastern J Med. 2020;25:477\u201383.","journal-title":"Eastern J Med."},{"key":"12682_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2013.08.012","volume":"28","author":"GE Robinson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robinson GE. Pregnancy loss. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;28:169\u201378.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"12682_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alipanahpour S, Tayebi N, Zarshenas M, Akbarzadeh M. Short-term physical and psychological health consequences of induced and spontaneous abortion: a cross-sectional study. Shiraz E-Med J. 2021;22(12):e111809.","DOI":"10.5812\/semj.111809"},{"key":"12682_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.04.012","volume":"237","author":"CS Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu CS, Tan TC, Chen HY, Malhotra R, Allen JC, \u00d8stbye T. Threatened miscarriage and depressive and anxiety symptoms among women and partners in early pregnancy. J Affect Disord. 2018;237:1\u20139.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"12682_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2013.12.011","volume":"30","author":"D Betts","year":"2014","unstructured":"Betts D, Dahlen HG, Smith CA. A search for hope and understanding: An analysis of threatened miscarriage internet forums. Midwifery. 2014;30:650\u20136.","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"12682_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000027","volume":"39","author":"R Limbo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Limbo R, Glasser JK, Sundaram ME. \u201cBeing sure\u201d: women\u2019s experience with inevitable miscarriage. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2014;39:165\u201374.","journal-title":"MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs."},{"key":"12682_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.4274\/tjod.galenos.2019.88899","volume":"16","author":"H Adib-Rad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adib-Rad H, Basirat Z, Faramarzi M, Mostafazadeh A, Bijani A. Psychological distress in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion: A case-control study. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;16:151\u20137.","journal-title":"Turk J Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"12682_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","volume":"19","author":"A Tong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 2007;19:349\u201357.","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"key":"12682_CR14","unstructured":"Dv S. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59:22\u201333."},{"key":"12682_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/13814788.2017.1375092","volume":"24","author":"I Korstjens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Korstjens I, Moser A. Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 4: Trustworthiness and publishing. Eur J Gen Pract. 2018;24:120\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur J Gen Pract."},{"key":"12682_CR16","unstructured":"Ghafouri R, Ofoghi S. Trustworth and rigor in qualitative research.\u00a0Int J Adv Biotechnol Res. 2016;1;7(4):1914\u201322."},{"key":"12682_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00682-6","volume":"397","author":"S Quenby","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quenby S, Gallos ID, Dhillon-Smith RK, Podesek M, Stephenson MD, Fisher J, et al. Miscarriage matters: the epidemiological, physical, psychological, and economic costs of early pregnancy loss. Lancet. 2021;397:1658\u201367.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"12682_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3109\/14647273.2015.1076579","volume":"18","author":"F Hadizadeh-Talasaz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hadizadeh-Talasaz F, Roudsari RL, Simbar M. Decision for disclosure: The experiences of Iranian infertile couples undergoing assisted reproductive donation procedures. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2015;18:265\u201375.","journal-title":"Hum Fertil (Camb)"},{"key":"12682_CR19","first-page":"178","volume":"20","author":"SB Hasanpoor-Azghady","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hasanpoor-Azghady SB, Simbar M, Vedadhir AA, Azin SA, Amiri-Farahani L. The Social Construction of Infertility Among Iranian Infertile Women: A Qualitative Study. J Reprod Infertil. 2019;20:178\u201390.","journal-title":"J Reprod Infertil."},{"key":"12682_CR20","first-page":"2114","volume":"48","author":"Z Kiani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kiani Z, Simbar M. Infertility\u2019s Hidden and Evident Dimensions: A Concern Requiring Special Attention in Iranian Society. Iran J Public Health. 2019;48:2114\u20135.","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"12682_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faramarzi M, Shariatpanahi M, Mahboubeh Mirtabar S, Barat S, Nasiri Amiri F, Khoozan M, et al. Expectations and participatory performance of husbands in improvement of anxiety disorders in pregnant women: a qualitative study. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2023;2023(1):8991842.","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8991842"},{"key":"12682_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.11271","volume":"15","author":"A Mirabzadeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mirabzadeh A, Dolatian M, Forouzan AS, Sajjadi H, Majd HA, Mahmoodi Z. Path Analysis Associations Between Perceived Social Support, Stressful Life Events and Other Psychosocial Risk Factors During Pregnancy and Preterm Delivery. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013;15:507\u201314.","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J"},{"key":"12682_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.21846","volume":"41","author":"H Yao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yao H, Chan CHY, Chan CLW. Childbearing importance: A qualitative study of women with infertility in China. Res Nurs Health. 2018;41:69\u201377.","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"12682_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchell AM, Christian LM. Financial strain and birth weight: the mediating role of psychological distress. Archives of women's mental health. 2017;20:201\u20138.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-016-0696-3"},{"key":"12682_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7620","DOI":"10.19082\/7620","volume":"11","author":"K Arfaie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arfaie K. Understanding mothers\u2019 perceptions of pregnancy anxiety: a qualitative study. Electron Physician. 2019;11:7620\u20138.","journal-title":"Electron Physician"},{"key":"12682_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02211-8","volume":"23","author":"SM Mirtabar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mirtabar SM, Pahlavan Z, Aligoltabar S, Barat S, Nasiri-Amiri F, Nikpour M, et al. Women\u2019s worries about prenatal screening tests suspected of fetal anomalies: a qualitative study. BMC Women\u2019s Health. 2023;23:66.","journal-title":"BMC Women\u2019s Health."},{"key":"12682_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2018.06.001","volume":"64","author":"J Carter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carter J, Tribe RM, Shennan AH, Sandall J. Threatened preterm labour: Women\u2019s experiences of risk and care management: A qualitative study. Midwifery. 2018;64:85\u201392.","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"12682_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.12.086","volume":"324","author":"N Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang N, Wang M, Huang J, Allen J, Elder E, Fu L, et al. Effects of the STress-And-coping suppoRT (START) intervention on depression and coping of Chinese women seeking a first-trimester abortion: A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2023;324:121\u20138.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"12682_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2014.08.003","volume":"6","author":"S Tingl\u00f6f","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tingl\u00f6f S, H\u00f6gberg U, Lundell IW, Svanberg AS. Exposure to violence among women with unwanted pregnancies and the association with post-traumatic stress disorder, symptoms of anxiety and depression. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2015;6:50\u20133.","journal-title":"Sex Reprod Healthc"},{"key":"12682_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnmr.IJNMR_97_18","volume":"24","author":"M Irani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Irani M, Khadivzadeh T, Asghari-Nekah S-M, Ebrahimipour H. Coping Strategies of Pregnant Women with Detected Fetal Anomalies in Iran: A Qualitative Study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2019;24:227\u201333.","journal-title":"Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res"},{"key":"12682_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S283946","volume":"13","author":"NB Elsharkawy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elsharkawy NB, Mohamed SM, Awad MH, Ouda MMA. Effect of Happiness Counseling on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Women with Recurrent Miscarriage. Int J Women\u2019s Health. 2021;13:287\u201395.","journal-title":"Int J Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"12682_CR32","first-page":"2335","volume":"9","author":"B Khodakarami","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khodakarami B, Mafakheri B, Shobeiri F, Soltanian A, Mohagheghi H. The Effect of Fordyce Happiness Cognitive-Behavioral Counseling on the Anxiety and Depression of Women with Spontaneous Abortion. J Pharm Sci Res. 2017;9:2335\u201341.","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci Res"},{"key":"12682_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12944","volume":"64","author":"M Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang M, Jia G, Sun S, Ye C, Zhang R, Yu X. Effects of an Online Mindfulness Intervention Focusing on Attention Monitoring and Acceptance in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2019;64:68\u201377.","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-025-12682-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12913-025-12682-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-025-12682-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T09:39:40Z","timestamp":1744709980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12913-025-12682-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-025-12682-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the ethics committee of Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran, with code IR.MUBABOL.REC.1401.158. All patients signed the free and informed consent form. The study adhered to the Helsinki Declaration in the Ethics approval and consent to participate.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing of interests"}}],"article-number":"550"}}