{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:34:20Z","timestamp":1787020460023,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Symbiosis International"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-12967-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T07:55:26Z","timestamp":1751356526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Review: missed tuberculosis cases in India: a systematic analysis of diagnostic, treatment, and reporting gaps"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6146-2024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rechel","family":"Shrisunder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7023-5161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manesh","family":"Muraleedharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2312-3113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sammita Jagdish","family":"Jadhav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4548-1998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dwight","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"12967_CR1","unstructured":"The Global Burden of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Re-estimation Using Mathematical Modelling| PLOS Medicine. https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosmedicine\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002152. Accessed 14 Sep 2024."},{"key":"12967_CR2","unstructured":"Global Tuberculosis Report. 2023. https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2023. Accessed 5 Jun 2024."},{"key":"12967_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2023.03.011","volume":"70","author":"P Ahmad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmad P, Arora VK. Prevalance of tuberculosis amongst healthcare workers, working in dots\/sputum microscopy centre in two different districts of state of Uttarakhand & Uttar Pradesh of India. Indian J Tuberculosis. 2023;70:405\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberculosis"},{"key":"12967_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-024-01326-0","volume":"82","author":"AP Shah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shah AP, Dave JD, Makwana MN, Rupani MP, Shah IA. A mixed-methods study on impact of active case finding on pulmonary tuberculosis treatment outcomes in India. Arch Public Health. 2024;82:92.","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"key":"12967_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_186_17","volume":"34","author":"R Prasad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prasad R, Gupta N, Banka A. 2025 Too short time to eliminate tuberculosis from India. Lung India. 2017;34:409\u201310.","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"key":"12967_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2020.10.001","author":"G Thakur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thakur G, Thakur S, Thakur H. Status and challenges for tuberculosis control in India\u2013 Stakeholders\u2019 perspective. Indian J Tuberc. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijtb.2020.10.001.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"12967_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shastri SG, Sancheti P, Nagaraja SB, Dayananda GG, Srinivas PK, Jayaprakash M, et al. Averting catastrophic tuberculosis costs in an Indian State: integration of Ayushman Bharat Arogya Karnataka with National tuberculosis elimination program, vol. 22. The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia.\u00a0Amsterdam: Elsevier Ltd.; 2024.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100327"},{"key":"12967_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pai M, Nicol MP, Boehme CC. Tuberculosis diagnostics: state of the Art and future directions. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4:1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0019-2016"},{"key":"12967_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0271","volume":"21","author":"WA Wells","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wells WA. Onions and prevalence surveys: how to analyze and quantify tuberculosis case-finding gaps. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2017;21:1101\u201313.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR10","unstructured":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews| The BMJ. https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/372\/bmj.n71. Accessed 15 Mar 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR11","first-page":"CD009593","volume":"2014","author":"KR Steingart","year":"2014","unstructured":"Steingart KR, Schiller I, Horne DJ, Pai M, Boehme CC, Dendukuri N. Xpert\u00ae MTB\/RIF assay for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014:CD009593.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"12967_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.12.007","volume":"32","author":"E Skoura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Skoura E, Zumla A, Bomanji J. Imaging in tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis. 2015;32:87\u201393.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2010.09.002","volume":"43","author":"Y Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang Y, Li J, Ma Z, Liu L. Global stability of two models with incomplete treatment for tuberculosis. Chaos Solitons Fractals. 2010;43:79\u201385.","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"12967_CR14","first-page":"31","volume":"1","author":"HA Long","year":"2020","unstructured":"Long HA, French DP, Brooks JM. Optimising the value of the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) tool for quality appraisal in qualitative evidence synthesis. Res Methods Med Health Sci. 2020;1:31\u201342.","journal-title":"Res Methods Med Health Sci"},{"key":"12967_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201312-447OC","volume":"11","author":"K Duraisamy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duraisamy K, Mrithyunjayan S, Ghosh S, Nair SA, Balakrishnan S, Subramoniapillai J, et al. Does alcohol consumption during multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment affect outcome? A population-based study in Kerala, India. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2014;11:712\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"12967_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01061.x","volume":"8","author":"A Jaiswal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jaiswal A, Singh V, Ogden JA, Porter JDH, Sharma PP, Sarin R, et al. Adherence to tuberculosis treatment: lessons from the urban setting of Delhi, India. Tropical Med Int Health. 2003;8:625\u201333.","journal-title":"Tropical Med Int Health"},{"key":"12967_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofab190","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab190","volume":"8","author":"R Subbaraman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Subbaraman R, Thomas BE, Kumar JV, Thiruvengadam K, Khandewale A, Kokila S, et al. Understanding nonadherence to tuberculosis medications in India using urine drug metabolite testing: A cohort study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021;8:ofab190.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.161330","volume":"4","author":"N Roy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roy N, Basu M, Das S, Mandal A, Dutt D, Dasgupta S. Risk factors associated with default among tuberculosis patients in Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2015;4:388\u201394.","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"12967_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10043","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010043","volume":"5","author":"S Vijay","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vijay S, Kumar P, Chauhan LS, Vollepore BH, Kizhakkethil UP, Rao SG. Risk factors associated with default among new smear positive TB patients treated under DOTS in India. PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e10043.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"12967_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-263","volume":"10","author":"A Pradhan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pradhan A, Kielmann K, Gupte H, Bamne A, Porter JDH, Rangan S. What outliers tell Us about missed opportunities for tuberculosis control: a cross-sectional study of patients in Mumbai, India. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:263.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"12967_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4103\/jgid.jgid_66_19","volume":"12","author":"M Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh M, Sagili KD, Tripathy JP, Kishore S, Bahurupi YA, Kumar A, et al. Are treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis detected by active case finding different from those detected by passive case finding? J Glob Infect Dis. 2020;12:28\u201333.","journal-title":"J Glob Infect Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3039-3","volume":"18","author":"BE Thomas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thomas BE, Subbaraman R, Sellappan S, Suresh C, Lavanya J, Lincy S, et al. Pretreatment loss to follow-up of tuberculosis patients in Chennai, India: a cohort study with implications for health systems strengthening. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18:142.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR23","first-page":"1152","volume":"11","author":"SR Atre","year":"2007","unstructured":"Atre SR, D\u2019Souza DTB, Dholakia YN, Mistry NF. Observations on categorization of new TB cases: implications for controlling drug resistance. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2007;11:1152\u20133.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.18353.2","volume":"8","author":"HD Shewade","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shewade HD, Gupta V, Satyanarayana S, Kharate A, Murali L, Deshpande M, et al. Are we missing \u2018previously treated\u2019 smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis under programme settings in India? A cross-sectional study. F1000Res. 2019;8:338.","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"12967_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.11591\/ijphs.v13i1.23205","volume":"13","author":"M Holkar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Holkar M, Krishna S, Shah R, Pawar R, Juvekar S. Knowledge and practices of private healthcare providers regarding tuberculosis case notification in rural Maharashtra. Int J Public Health Sci (IJPHS). 2024;13:28.","journal-title":"Int J Public Health Sci (IJPHS)"},{"key":"12967_CR26","first-page":"136","volume":"67","author":"R Agarwalla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agarwalla R, Pathak R, Ahmed F, Islam F, Kashyap V, Bhattacharyya H. A mixed method study to assess notification of tuberculosis patients by private practitioners in new Delhi, India. Indian J Public Health. 2023;67:136.","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"},{"key":"12967_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e023910","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023910","volume":"9","author":"A Siddaiah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siddaiah A, Ahmed MN, Kumar AMV, D\u2019Souza G, Wilkinson E, Maung TM, et al. Tuberculosis notification in a private tertiary care teaching hospital in South India: a mixed-methods study. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e023910.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"12967_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.16.0062","volume":"6","author":"DJ Deka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deka DJ, Choudhury B, Talukdar P, Lo TQ, Das B, Nair SA, et al. What a difference a day makes: same-day vs. 2-day sputum smear microscopy for diagnosing tuberculosis. Public Health Action. 2016;6:232\u20136.","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"12967_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4103\/ijabmr.IJABMR_11_18","volume":"9","author":"TJ Chandra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chandra TJ. Impact of sputum volume in the diagnosis of Smear-Positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2019;9:73\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Appl Basic Med Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"12967_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02673-y","volume":"74","author":"A Gargava","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gargava A, Raghuwanshi S, Verma P, Jaiswal S. To study the role of Cartridge-Based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) in early diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022;74(Suppl 3):5412\u20135.","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"12967_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.12.2.49","volume":"12","author":"S Mali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mali S, Beena P, Arvind N. Evaluation of microscopy, culture and PCR assay in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2018;12:871\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pure Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"12967_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v13.i3.289","volume":"13","author":"M Mohanty","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohanty M, Mishra B, Jain M, Karaniveed Puthiyapura L. Diagnostic role of Xpert-MTB RIF assay in osteoarticular tuberculosis: A retrospective study. World J Orthop. 2022;13:289\u201396.","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"12967_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74964","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074964","volume":"8","author":"P Nayak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nayak P, Kumar AMV, Claassens M, Enarson DA, Satyanarayana S, Kundu D, et al. Comparing same day sputum microscopy with conventional sputum microscopy for the diagnosis of Tuberculosis\u2013 Chhattisgarh, India. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e74964.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"12967_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0116721","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116721","volume":"10","author":"N Raizada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raizada N, Sachdeva KS, Sreenivas A, Kulsange S, Gupta RS, Thakur R, et al. Catching the missing million: experiences in enhancing TB & DR-TB detection by providing upfront Xpert MTB\/RIF testing for people living with HIV in India. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0116721.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"12967_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ravindra AG, Rajaram M, Dwivedi DP, Mohanty Mohapatra M, Palanivel C, Ramakrishnan J, et al. Same-day smear method compared with conventional sputum method for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis. Cureus. 2018;10(6):e2761.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.2761"},{"key":"12967_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.8.3041-3043.2002","volume":"40","author":"N Selvakumar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Selvakumar N, Rahman F, Rajasekaran S, Narayanan PR, Frieden TR. Inefficiency of 0.3% carbol Fuchsin in ziehl-neelsen staining for detecting acid-fast bacilli. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:3041\u20133.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"12967_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2433-6","volume":"17","author":"S Spalgais","year":"2017","unstructured":"Spalgais S, Agarwal U, Sarin R, Chauhan D, Yadav A, Jaiswal A. Role of routine abdominal ultrasonography in intensified tuberculosis case finding algorithms at HIV clinics in high TB burden settings. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17:351.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.17.0035","volume":"7","author":"S Waikar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Waikar S, Pathak A, Ghule V, Kapoor A, Sagili K, Babu ER, et al. Should sputum-negative presumptive TB patients be actively followed to identify missing cases in India? Public Health Action. 2017;7:289\u201393.","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"12967_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_277_23","volume":"13","author":"P Yadav","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yadav P, Mahour P, Agarwal A, Garg A. Comparative analysis of CBNAAT (GeneXpert) and Ziehl\u2013Nielsen staining test as diagnostic modalities of tuberculosis. J Family Med Prim Care. 2024;13:124\u20138.","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"12967_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100076","volume":"7","author":"T Garg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garg T, Chaisson LH, Naufal F, Shapiro AE, Golub JE. A systematic review and meta-analysis of active case finding for tuberculosis in India. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia. 2022;7:100076.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia"},{"key":"12967_CR41","unstructured":"Adam: Cost effectiveness analysis of strategies for\u2026 Google Scholar.\u00a0https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?title=I%20Maternal%20and%20Perinatal%20Health%20in%20Developing%20Countries&author=SP%20Munjanja&author=T%20Magure&author=G%20Kandawasvika&publication_year=2012&.\u00a0Accessed 25 Feb 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR42","unstructured":"Globalization. Distance and Disease: Spatial Health Disparities in Rural India - Anirudh Krishna, Kripa Ananthpur. 2013. https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0976399613480879. Accessed 25 Feb 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pande T, Vasquez NA, Cazabon D, Creswell J, Brouwer M, Ramis O, et al. Finding the missing millions: lessons from 10 active case finding interventions in high tuberculosis burden countries. BMJ Glob Health. 2020;5(12):e003835.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003835"},{"key":"12967_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raj S, Phalke DB. Capacity Building of Resident, Doctors & Interns Regarding National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP): a Medical Education Perspective. Glob J Res Anal. 2024;13:62\u20134.","DOI":"10.36106\/gjra\/0406528"},{"key":"12967_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2022.10.008","volume":"42","author":"A Khanna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khanna A, Saha R, Ahmad N. National TB elimination programme - What has changed. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2023;42:103\u20137.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"12967_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40248-018-0122-y","volume":"13","author":"B Basnyat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Basnyat B, Caws M, Udwadia Z. Tuberculosis in South Asia: a tide in the affairs of men. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2018;13:10.","journal-title":"Multidiscip Respir Med"},{"key":"12967_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatia V, Rijal S, Sharma M, Islam A, Vassall A, Bhargava A, et al. Ending TB in South-East Asia: flagship priority and response transformation. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia. 2023;18.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100301"},{"key":"12967_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4103\/2224-3151.283002","volume":"9","author":"C Lahariya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lahariya C, Roy B, Shukla A, Chatterjee M, De Graeve H, Jhalani M, et al. Community action for health in India: evolution, lessons learnt and ways forward to achieve universal health coverage. WHO South East Asia J Public Health. 2020;9:82\u201391.","journal-title":"WHO South East Asia J Public Health"},{"key":"12967_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malwe S, Bawiskar D, Wagh V. Tuberculosis and the effectiveness of the revised National tuberculosis control program (RNTCP) to control tuberculosis: A narrative review. Cureus. 2023;15:e51418.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.51418"},{"key":"12967_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramkumar S, Vijayalakshmi S, Seetharaman N, Pajanivel R, Lokeshmaran A. Health-related quality of life among tuberculosis patients under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme in rural and urban Puducherry. Indian J Tuberc. 2017;64(1):14\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2016.11.004"},{"key":"12967_CR51","unstructured":"India Labour Migration Update 2018| International Labour Organization. 2018. https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/publications\/india-labour-migration-update-2018. Accessed 27 Feb 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR52","unstructured":"Dasgupta: Village studies in the third world. - Google Scholar. https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?title=Village%20studies%20in%20the%20third%20world&author=Dasgupta&publication_year=1978. Accessed 27 Feb 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR53","unstructured":"ILO Global Estimates on International Migrant Workers\u2013 Results and Methodology| International Labour Organization. 2021. https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/publications\/ilo-global-estimates-international-migrant-workers-results-and-methodology. Accessed 27 Feb 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR54","unstructured":"3-D jobs and health disparities: The health implications of latino chicken catchers\u2019 working conditions - Quandt. Am J Indus Med. 2013. Wiley Online Library. https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/ajim.22072. Accessed 27 Feb 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR55","unstructured":"Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan\u2013 Central Tuberculosis Division. https:\/\/tbcindia.mohfw.gov.in\/pradhan-mantri-tb-mukt-bharat-abhiyaan\/. Accessed 15 Mar 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav S. Nikshay Mitra: A remarkable initiative in efforts against tuberculosis. Cureus. 2024;16(6):e62615.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.62615"},{"key":"12967_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.159566","volume":"141","author":"M Muniyandi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Muniyandi M, Rao VG, Bhat J, Yadav R, Sharma RK, Bhondeley MK. Health literacy on tuberculosis amongst vulnerable segment of population: special reference to Saharia tribe in central India. Indian J Med Res. 2015;141:640\u20137.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"12967_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihad077","volume":"16","author":"GM Sveinbjornsdottir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sveinbjornsdottir GM, Kamowa D, Katundu PN, Gizurarson S. Compliance and illiteracy when treating tuberculosis. Int Health. 2024;16:126\u20138.","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"12967_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel J, Sen A, Rai S, Shah H, Desai N. Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment (TPT) in India: A Qualitative Review. Prev Med Res Rev. 2024;1:298.","DOI":"10.4103\/PMRR.PMRR_190_24"},{"key":"12967_CR60","first-page":"385","volume":"74","author":"Preventive therapy against","year":"1999","unstructured":"Preventive therapy against. Tuberculosis in people living with HIV. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 1999;74:385\u201398.","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"12967_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12149-x","volume":"21","author":"D Pathak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pathak D, Vasishtha G, Mohanty SK. Association of multidimensional poverty and tuberculosis in India. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:2065.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"12967_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47533","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047533","volume":"7","author":"O Oxlade","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oxlade O, Murray M. Tuberculosis and poverty: why are the poor at greater risk in India? PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e47533.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"12967_CR63","first-page":"e20240295","volume":"50","author":"DR Silva","year":"2025","unstructured":"Silva DR, Fernandes FF, Ferreira JC, Bernando W, Dalcolmo MMP, Johansen FDC, et al. Bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, and Moxifloxacin (BPaLM) for multidrug- or rifampin-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review. J Bras Pneumol. 2025;50:e20240295.","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"key":"12967_CR64","unstructured":"Clinical Spectrum and Medical Comorbidities in Tuberculosis. A Hospital-Based Study in Northeast India - PubMed. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33110716\/. Accessed 10 Mar 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR65","unstructured":"(PDF) Burden of Comorbidity and Treatment Outcome in Tuberculosis\u2013 A Descriptive Study from a Tertiary Care Center, Kerala, India. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/375867970_Burden_of_Comorbidity_and_Treatment_Outcome_in_Tuberculosis_-_A_Descriptive_Study_from_a_Tertiary_Care_Center_Kerala_India. Accessed 10 Mar 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR66","unstructured":"GJAY| Gopabandhu Jana Arogya Yojana. https:\/\/bsky.odisha.gov.in\/bsky\/home. Accessed 15 Mar 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-018-1341-1","volume":"55","author":"C Lahariya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lahariya C. Ayushman Bharat program and universal health coverage in India. Indian Pediatr. 2018;55:495\u2013506.","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"12967_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100180","volume":"13","author":"S Dubey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dubey S, Deshpande S, Krishna L, Zadey S. Evolution of Government-funded health insurance for universal health coverage in India. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia. 2023;13:100180.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia"},{"key":"12967_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits\u2014a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons with tuberculosis in India. Infect Dis Poverty. Full Text. https:\/\/idpjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40249-024-01206-3. Accessed 15 Mar 2025.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-024-01206-3"},{"key":"12967_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Direct benefit transfer for nutritional support of patients with TB in India\u2014analysis of national TB program data of 3.7 million patients, 2018\u20132022. BMC Pub Health. Full Text. https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-17777-7. Accessed 15 Mar 2025.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17777-7"},{"key":"12967_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363300","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2024.2363300","volume":"17","author":"K Jeyashree","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jeyashree K, Thangaraj JWV, Shanmugasundaram D, Sri Lakshmi Priya G, Pandey S, Janagaraj V, et al. Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana: receipt and utilization among persons with TB notified under the National TB elimination program in India, 2022. Glob Health Action. 2024;17:2363300.","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"12967_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2024.04.013","volume":"72","author":"MM Singh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Singh MM, Sharma P, Mishra A, Majhi MM, Bhatnagar N, Chopra KK. Assessment of utilization of nutritional support scheme vis a vis nutritional status of tuberculosis patients on nutritional support scheme. Indian J Tuberc. 2025;72(Suppl 1):S23\u20137.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"12967_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2023.12.004","volume":"72","author":"S Barve","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barve S, Gore M, Datir D, Patil R. A study about awareness and utilization of Nikshay Poshan Yojana benefits in selected tuberculosis units in Pune district in India. Indian J Tuberc. 2025;72:78\u201382.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"12967_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2023.05.014","volume":"71","author":"P Verma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Verma P, Jadhav SL, Dhone A, Darade S, Johnson S, Palal D, et al. Coverage, delays and implementation challenges of direct benefit transfer in the National tuberculosis elimination Programme - A mixed methods study. Indian J Tuberc. 2024;71:284\u201390.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"12967_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2020.02.006","volume":"67","author":"R Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar R, Khayyam KU, Singla N, Anand T, Nagaraja SB, Sagili KD, et al. Nikshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) for tuberculosis patients: early implementation challenges in Delhi, India. Indian J Tuberc. 2020;67:231\u20137.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"12967_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2023.09.005","volume":"72","author":"K Chadhar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chadhar K, Madhappan N, Chandra A, Salve HR, Yadav K, Misra P, et al. Coverage and utilization of Nikshay Poshan Yojana among patients with tuberculosis: exploring patterns and influencing factors. Indian J Tuberc. 2025;72:38\u201345.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"12967_CR77","first-page":"7668","volume":"12","author":"H Shah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shah H. Challenges and strategic solutions to guarantee last Mile reach for an Indian TB patient\u2019s Nikshay Poshan Yojana; A conditional cash transfer scheme. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2023;12:7668.","journal-title":"Int J Health Policy Manag"},{"key":"12967_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6109","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1229_20","volume":"9","author":"J Begum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Begum J, Neelima Y, Ali SI, Pattnaik S, Sharma D. Utilisation of nutritional support scheme among the patients of tuberculosis: A myth or a truth. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9:6109\u201314.","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"12967_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e033158","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033158","volume":"9","author":"BH Patel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patel BH, Jeyashree K, Chinnakali P, Vijayageetha M, Mehta KG, Modi B, et al. Cash transfer scheme for people with tuberculosis treated by the National TB programme in Western India: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e033158.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"12967_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czae065","volume":"39","author":"S Chatterjee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chatterjee S, Stallworthy G, Das P, Vassall A. Estimation of potential social support requirement for tuberculosis patients in India. Health Policy Plan. 2024;39:854\u201363.","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"12967_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2021.08.032","volume":"69","author":"SP Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh SP, Khokhar A, Gupta NK. Enrolment under of Nikshay Poshan Yojana among tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi. Indian J Tuberc. 2022;69:546\u201351.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"12967_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-93476-6","volume":"15","author":"LS Alves","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alves LS, Berra TZ, Alves YM, Ferezin LP, Vinci ALT, Tavares RBV, et al. Geographic inequalities and factors associated with unfavorable outcomes in diabetes-tuberculosis and diabetes-covid comorbidities in Brazil. Sci Rep. 2025;15:8353.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"12967_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0319676","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0319676","volume":"20","author":"M Aboma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aboma M, Abdisa B, Imana G, Taye K, Moti G, Fufa M. Tuberculosis screening, Isoniazid preventive therapy coverage and factors associated with active TB diagnosis among people living with HIV at public health facilities of central Ethiopia. PLoS ONE. 2025;20:e0319676.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"12967_CR84","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Implementing the WHO Stop TB Strategy: a handbook for national tuberculosis control programmes. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008. p. 184. Report No.: WHO\/HTM\/TB\/2008.401."},{"key":"12967_CR85","volume-title":"Guidelines for National programmes and other stakeholders","author":"WHO Policy on Collaborative TB\/HIV Activities","year":"2012","unstructured":"WHO Policy on Collaborative TB\/HIV Activities. Guidelines for National programmes and other stakeholders. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012."},{"key":"12967_CR86","unstructured":"Management of collaborative TB\/HIV activities: training for managers at the national and subnational levels. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-HTM-TB-2005.359a. Accessed 15 Mar 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garrido M da S, Penna ML, Perez-Porcuna TM, Souza AB de, Marreiro L da S, Albuquerque BC, et al. Factors associated with tuberculosis treatment default in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon: A case Control-Study. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e39134.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039134"},{"key":"12967_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_873_19","volume":"9","author":"VMA Eashwar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eashwar VMA, Umadevi R, Gopalakrishnan S. Alcohol consumption in India\u2013 an epidemiological review. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9:49.","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"12967_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1177\/10778012231225229","volume":"31","author":"AP Miller","year":"2025","unstructured":"Miller AP, Appa A, Muyindike W, Fatch R, Kekibiina A, Beesiga B, et al. A qualitative exploration of intimate partner violence among HIV\/TB coinfected persons with problematic alcohol use participating in an Incentive-Based alcohol\/Medication adherence intervention in Uganda during COVID-19. Violence against Women. 2025;31:1082\u2013103.","journal-title":"Violence against Women"},{"key":"12967_CR90","unstructured":"Participant perspectives on incentives for TB preventative therapy adherence. and reduced alcohol use: A qualitative study - PubMed. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38656992\/. Accessed 1 May 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1899","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00436-9","volume":"11","author":"G Chamie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chamie G, Hahn JA, Kekibiina A, Emenyonu NI, Beesiga B, Marson K, et al. Financial incentives for reduced alcohol use and increased Isoniazid adherence during tuberculosis preventive therapy among people with HIV in Uganda: an open-label, factorial randomised controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11:e1899\u2013910.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"12967_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.12.019","volume":"82","author":"A Izzard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Izzard A, Wilders S, Smith C, Wickers M, Hart T, Santos JD, et al. Improved treatment completion for tuberculosis patients: the case for a dedicated social care team. J Infect. 2021;82:e1\u20133.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"12967_CR93","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Treatment of tuberculosis: guidelines. 4th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. p. 147. Report No.: WHO\/HTM\/TB\/2009.420."},{"key":"12967_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0795","volume":"16","author":"AC Miller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miller AC, Gelmanova IY, Keshavjee S, Atwood S, Yanova G, Mishustin S, et al. Alcohol use and the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Tomsk, Russian federation. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2012;16:891\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-289","volume":"8","author":"K L\u00f6nnroth","year":"2008","unstructured":"L\u00f6nnroth K, Williams BG, Stadlin S, Jaramillo E, Dye C. Alcohol use as a risk factor for tuberculosis\u2013 a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:289.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"12967_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27752","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027752","volume":"6","author":"B Thomas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thomas B, Suhadev M, Mani J, Ganapathy BG, Armugam A, Faizunnisha F, et al. Feasibility of an alcohol intervention programme for TB patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) - A qualitative study from Chennai, South India. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e27752.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"12967_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3918-2","volume":"19","author":"JH Vold","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vold JH, Aas C, Leiva RA, Vickerman P, Chalabianloo F, L\u00f8berg E-M, et al. Integrated care of severe infectious diseases to people with substance use disorders; a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19:306.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2020.03.006","volume":"86","author":"PD Thummar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thummar PD, Rupani MP. Prevalence and predictors of hazardous alcohol use among tuberculosis patients: the need for a policy on joint tuberculosis-alcohol collaborative activities in India. Alcohol. 2020;86:113\u20139.","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"12967_CR99","unstructured":"SSHIFTB. Psychological disorders in tuberculosis: A narrative review. Social Science & Health Innovation for Tuberculosis. https:\/\/sshiftb.org\/resources\/psychological-disorders-in-tuberculosis-a-narrative-review\/. Accessed 11 Mar 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR100","unstructured":"A cross- sectional study to assess stigma associated with tuberculosis in patients, family members, and health care staff in central India. ScienceDirect. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0019570724000623. Accessed 11 Mar 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR101","unstructured":"Quality of Life, Psychological Interventions and Treatment Outcome in Tuberculosis Patients: The Indian Scenario. PMC. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5081393\/. Accessed 11 Mar 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4103\/PMRR.PMRR_196_24","volume":"2","author":"GK Dutta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dutta GK, Rahman MM, Bhattacharyya DS, Rahman MM, Dey PK, Nur ME, et al. Social stigmatisation among tuberculosis patients and community people in Bangladesh: an exploratory study. Prev Med Res Rev. 2025;2:9\u201315.","journal-title":"Prev Med Res Rev"},{"key":"12967_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pallikkuth R, Kumar TM, Dictus CT, Bunders JFG. Empowerment of Lay mental health workers and junior psychologists online in a Task-Shared, rural setting in Kerala, India. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2024;13:1.","DOI":"10.34172\/ijhpm.2024.7566"},{"key":"12967_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.18.0530","volume":"23","author":"AC Sweetland","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sweetland AC, Galea J, Shin SS, Driver C, Dlodlo RA, Karpati A, et al. Integrating tuberculosis and mental health services: global receptivity of National tuberculosis program directors. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2019;23:600\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0975-5","volume":"15","author":"A Koyanagi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koyanagi A, Vancampfort D, Carvalho AF, DeVylder JE, Haro JM, Pizzol D, et al. Depression comorbid with tuberculosis and its impact on health status: cross-sectional analysis of community-based data from 48 low- and middle-income countries. BMC Med. 2017;15:209.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"12967_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20134","volume":"13","author":"A Sweetland","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sweetland A, Oquendo M, Wickramaratne P, Weissman M, Wainberg M. Depression: a silent driver of the global tuberculosis epidemic. World Psychiatry. 2014;13:325\u20136.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"12967_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30347-X","volume":"5","author":"AC Sweetland","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sweetland AC, Jaramillo E, Wainberg ML, Chowdhary N, Oquendo MA, Medina-Marino A, et al. Tuberculosis: an opportunity to integrate mental health services in primary care in low-resource settings. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5:952\u20134.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"12967_CR108","unstructured":"A Multi-Country Non-Inferiority Cluster Randomized Trial of Frontloaded Smear Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. PLOS Med. https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosmedicine\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000443. Accessed 11 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70232-3","volume":"13","author":"JL Davis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Davis JL, Cattamanchi A, Cuevas LE, Hopewell PC, Steingart KR. Diagnostic accuracy of same-day microscopy versus standard microscopy for pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13:147\u201354.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_358_16","volume":"8","author":"G Pradhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pradhan G, Pattnaik M, Sethy HK, Patnaik J, Mohanty T, Giri PK. Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in one day: way forward for END TB strategy 2015. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8:184\u20138.","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"12967_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398767","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/398767","volume":"2009","author":"A Ramsay","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ramsay A, Yassin MA, Cambanis A, Hirao S, Almotawa A, Gammo M, et al. Front-loading sputum microscopy services: an opportunity to optimise smear-based case detection of tuberculosis in high prevalence countries. J Trop Med. 2009;2009:398767.","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"key":"12967_CR112","volume-title":"WHO policy statement","author":"Same-Day Diagnosis of Tuberculosis by Microscopy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Same-Day Diagnosis of Tuberculosis by Microscopy. WHO policy statement. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011."},{"key":"12967_CR113","first-page":"141","volume":"59","author":"TJ Chandra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chandra TJ. Same day sputum smear microscopy approach for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a microscopy centre at rajahmundry. Indian J Tuberc. 2012;59:141\u20134.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"12967_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1151-1","volume":"15","author":"S Bjerrum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bjerrum S, Kenu E, Lartey M, Newman MJ, Addo KK, Andersen AB, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine Lipoarabinomannan test for pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults in Ghana\u2013findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:407.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-103","volume":"12","author":"SD Lawn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lawn SD. Point-of-care detection of Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine for diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis: a state of the Art review. BMC Infect Dis. 2012;12:103.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12308","volume":"19","author":"TT Balcha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balcha TT, Winqvist N, Stureg\u00e5rd E, Skogmar S, Reepalu A, Jemal ZH, et al. Detection of Lipoarabinomannan in urine for identification of active tuberculosis among HIV-positive adults in Ethiopian health centres. Trop Med Int Health. 2014;19:734\u201342.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"12967_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_574_19","volume":"38","author":"C Chatla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chatla C, Mishra N, Jojula M, Adepu R, Puttala M. A systematic review of utility of urine Lipoarabinomannan in detecting tuberculosis among HIV-positive tuberculosis suspects. Lung India. 2021;38:64\u201373.","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"key":"12967_CR118","unstructured":"The utility of point-of-care urinary lipoarabinomannan testing for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study. PubMed. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33740905\/. Accessed 29 Apr 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0043122","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00431-22","volume":"60","author":"AE Shapiro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shapiro AE, Olson AM, Kidoguchi L, Niu X, Ngcobo Z, Magcaba ZP, et al. Complementary nonsputum diagnostic testing for tuberculosis in people with HIV using oral swab PCR and urine Lipoarabinomannan detection. J Clin Microbiol. 2022;60:e0043122.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"12967_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278716","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1278716","volume":"10","author":"F Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang F, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu K, Shang Y, Wang W, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of oral swab for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1278716.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"12967_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adedokun AI, Bala G, Elehamer NMK, Yohanna R, Oyelabi BD, Gana SE. Revisiting tuberculosis (tb) diagnosis: the prospect of urine Lipoarabinomannan (lam) assay as a diagnostic tool in people living with Hiv. 2024;2024.10.09.24315199.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.10.09.24315199"},{"key":"12967_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e903","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00135-3","volume":"11","author":"T Broger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Broger T, Koeppel L, Huerga H, Miller P, Gupta-Wright A, Blanc F-X, et al. Diagnostic yield of urine Lipoarabinomannan and sputum tuberculosis tests in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet Global Health. 2023;11:e903\u201316.","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"12967_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186191","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1186191","volume":"13","author":"CS Ealand","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ealand CS, Sewcharran A, Peters JS, Gordhan BG, Kamariza M, Bertozzi CR, et al. The performance of tongue swabs for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1186191.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"12967_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2021.07.007","volume":"69","author":"M Menberu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Menberu M, Kar S, Ranjan Behera M. Review on public private mix TB control strategy in India. Indian J Tuberculosis. 2022;69:277\u201381.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberculosis"},{"key":"12967_CR125","unstructured":"Public Private Partnership\u2013 Central Tuberculosis Division. https:\/\/tbcindia.mohfw.gov.in\/public-private-partnership\/. Accessed 7 Apr 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR126","unstructured":"Central TB Division. National-Multisectoral-Action-Framework-for-TB-Free-India_30-8-19.pdf. 2023. https:\/\/tbcindia.mohfw.gov.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/57479351National-Multisectoral-Action-Framework-for-TB-Free-India_30-8-19.pdf. Accessed 7 Apr 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR127","unstructured":"Central TB Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Guidance-Doucument-on-Partnerships-RNTCP-2019.pdf. https:\/\/tbcindia.mohfw.gov.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/9531588006Guidance-Doucument-on-Partnerships-RNTCP-2019.pdf. Accessed 7 Apr 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR128","unstructured":"Central TB Division. Creating-synergies-to-ensure-quality-TB-care_Compendium-of-PPSA-best-practices.pdf. 2023. https:\/\/tbcindia.mohfw.gov.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/6897926685Creating-synergies-to-ensure-quality-TB-care_Compendium-of-PPSA-best-practices.pdf. Accessed 7 Apr 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2023.12.001","volume":"71","author":"N Sharma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharma N, Arora E, Lahariya C, Chopra KK. Competency based medical education as an accelerator to end tuberculosis (End TB) in India. Indian J Tuberc. 2024;71:7\u201311.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"12967_CR130","unstructured":"Central Tuberculosis Division. Medical Colleges\u2013 Central Tuberculosis Division. https:\/\/tbcindia-wp.azurewebsites.net\/medical-colleges\/. Accessed 7 Apr 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4103\/JME.JME_66_23","volume":"5","author":"A Venkatraman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Venkatraman A, Lahariya C. Governance framework and Public\u2013Private partnership for universal health coverage: findings from India\u2019s federal health structure. J Med Evid. 2024;5:205.","journal-title":"J Med Evid"},{"key":"12967_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"(PDF) \"Is there a difference in treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients: rural healthcare providers versus community health workers?\" ResearchGate; 2024.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_729_19.","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_729_19"},{"key":"12967_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4470-9","volume":"19","author":"SA Aricha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aricha SA, Kingwara L, Mwirigi NW, Chaba L, Kiptai T, Wahogo J, et al. Comparison of GeneXpert and line probe assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin-mono resistance at the National Tuberculosis reference laboratory, Kenya. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19:852.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21806-4","volume":"25","author":"MT Rahman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rahman MT, Wells WA, Ramis O, Kamineni VV, Bakker MI, Matiku S, et al. Engaging private providers to enhance tuberculosis detection and notification: evidence from TB REACH-Supported projects. BMC Public Health. 2025;25:665.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"12967_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"(PDF) Awareness & utilization of NIKSHAY and perceived barriers for tuberculosis case notification among the private practitioners in Udupi district, Karnataka. ResearchGate; 2024.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijtb.2020.01.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2020.01.004"},{"key":"12967_CR136","unstructured":"India TB Report.\u00a0Central Tuberculosis Division. 2023.\u00a0https:\/\/tbcindia.mohfw.gov.in\/2023\/06\/06\/india-tb-report-2023\/. Accessed 30 Dec 2024."},{"key":"12967_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.13.0836","volume":"18","author":"SB Nagaraja","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nagaraja SB, Achanta S, Kumar AMV, Satyanarayana S. Extending tuberculosis notification to the private sector in India: programmatic challenges? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014;18:1353\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS, Ramasamy J. Notification of tuberculosis cases in India: moving ahead in revised National tuberculosis control program. Infect Ecol Epidemiol. 2013;3(1):23006.","DOI":"10.3402\/iee.v3i0.23006"},{"key":"12967_CR139","first-page":"728","volume":"110","author":"S Roy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roy S, Rai DR, Suresh G. Tuberculosis\u2013a notifiable disease. J Indian Med Assoc. 2012;110:728\u201331.","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"12967_CR140","first-page":"56","volume":"10","author":"N Gawde","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gawde N. Do we need notification of tuberculosis? A public health perspective. Indian J Med Ethics. 2013;10:56\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Ethics"},{"key":"12967_CR141","unstructured":"\u201cThey Know, They Agree, but They Don\u2019t Do\u201d-\u00a0The Paradox of Tuberculosis Case Notification by Private Practitioners in Alappuzha District, Kerala, India.\u00a0PLOS One. https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0123286. Accessed 3 Mar 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2012.73.1.48","volume":"73","author":"Y-S Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park Y-S, Hong S-J, Boo Y-K, Hwang E-S, Kim HJ, Cho S-H, et al. The National status of tuberculosis using nationwide medical records survey of patients with tuberculosis in Korea. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). 2012;73:48\u201355.","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"key":"12967_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adefuye B, Dairo M, Adedokun B. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Infectious Disease Surveillance\/Notification among Doctors in a Tertiary Institution in Sagamu, Nigeria. In: C103. Educating Providers and assessing quality of care in pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine. Am Thorac Soc. 2009:A5197.","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_MeetingAbstracts.A5197"},{"key":"12967_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00956-2016","volume":"48","author":"M Uplekar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Uplekar M, Atre S, Wells WA, Weil D, Lopez R, Migliori GB, et al. Mandatory tuberculosis case notification in high tuberculosis-incidence countries: policy and practice. Eur Respir J. 2016;48:1571\u201381.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"12967_CR145","unstructured":"Electronic recording and reporting for tuberculosis care and control. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241564465. Accessed 3 Mar 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR146","first-page":"974","volume":"6","author":"CY Chiang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chiang CY, Enarson DA, Yang SL, Suo J, Lin TP. The impact of National health insurance on the notification of tuberculosis in Taiwan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2002;6:974\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"12967_CR147","unstructured":"Triaging for Severe Illness amongst Adults with Tuberculosis Followed by Referral and Inpatient Care: A Statewide Pilot. http:\/\/ouci.dntb.gov.ua\/en\/works\/4gE8vA19\/. Accessed 15 Mar 2025."},{"key":"12967_CR148","unstructured":"Central TB Division. TB-Report_for-Web_08_10-2024-1.pdf. 2024. https:\/\/tbcindia.nikshay.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/TB-Report_for-Web_08_10-2024-1.pdf. Accessed 9 Apr 2025."}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-025-12967-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12913-025-12967-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-025-12967-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T08:06:29Z","timestamp":1751357189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12913-025-12967-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":148,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-025-12967-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"858"}}