{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T09:06:53Z","timestamp":1793696813132,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-13285-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T12:46:53Z","timestamp":1763642813000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Risk factors associated with mental health symptoms among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in EMRO countries: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8498-5094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Salahi Ardekani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Sajedifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Letafati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atieh Jafarabadi","family":"Ashtiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mohammad","family":"Jazayeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"13285_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00089.2020","volume":"52","author":"CA Pollard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pollard CA, Morran MP, Nestor-Kalinoski AL. The COVID-19 pandemic: a global health crisis. Physiol Genom. 2020;52(11):549\u201357.","journal-title":"Physiol Genom"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-022-00467-6","volume":"6","author":"J Biber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Biber J, et al. Mental health impact on healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a US cross-sectional survey study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes. 2022;6(1): 63.","journal-title":"Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58884-0","volume":"14","author":"JD Molina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Molina JD, et al. Impact of COVID-19 first wave on the mental health of healthcare workers in a front-line Spanish tertiary hospital: lessons learned. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):8149.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"13285_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041435","volume":"18","author":"A Chatzittofis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chatzittofis A, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4): 1435.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"13285_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e064287","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-064287","volume":"12","author":"I Duarte","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duarte I, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers during the first wave in Portugal: a cross-sectional and correlational study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(12):e064287.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10327","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61216-x","volume":"14","author":"L Maliwichi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maliwichi L, et al. The mental health toll among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):10327.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"13285_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113441","volume":"293","author":"AE Muller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muller AE, et al. The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2020;293: 113441.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"13285_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.567381","volume":"12","author":"Q Hao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hao Q, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12: 567381.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"13285_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhouri A et al. COVID-19 and its impact on healthcare workers: Understanding stigma, stress, and quality of life. Cureus, 2023. 15(4).","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.37846"},{"key":"13285_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102562","author":"G Collett","year":"2024","unstructured":"Collett G, Korszun A, Gupta AK. Potential strategies for supporting mental health and mitigating the risk of burnout among healthcare professionals: insights from the COVID-19 pandemic. EClinicalMedicine. 2024.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"13285_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Havaei F et al. The association between mental health symptoms and quality and safety of patient care before and during COVID-19 among Canadian nurses. in Healthcare. 2022. MDPI.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10020314"},{"issue":"2","key":"13285_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2021.0307","volume":"19","author":"H-J Choi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi H-J, et al. Mental health and quality of life for healthcare workers in a university hospital under COVID-19. Psychiatry Invest. 2021;19(2):85.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s44184-024-00061-2","volume":"3","author":"I Batanda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Batanda I. Prevalence of burnout among healthcare professionals: a survey at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital. NPJ Ment Health Res. 2024;3(1):16.","journal-title":"NPJ Ment Health Res"},{"key":"13285_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.104002","volume":"121","author":"ID Saragih","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saragih ID, et al. Global prevalence of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021;121: 104002.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"13285_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804525","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.804525","volume":"12","author":"M Chutiyami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chutiyami M, et al. COVID-19 pandemic and overall mental health of healthcare professionals globally: a meta-review of systematic reviews. Front Psychiatry. 2022;12:804525.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"13285_CR16","unstructured":"Organization WH. Mental health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: reaching the unreached. 2006."},{"key":"13285_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604814","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2022.1604814","volume":"67","author":"T Alhroob","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alhroob T, et al. The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in the Eastern Mediterranean region: a scoping review. Int J Public Health. 2023;67:1604814.","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"13285_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-021-00628-6","volume":"19","author":"A Abraham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abraham A, et al. Depression among healthcare workers in the Eastern mediterranean region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Resour Health. 2021;19:1\u201318.","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"key":"13285_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340181","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1340181","volume":"15","author":"SR Hosseini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hosseini SR, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being, work conditions, and education of early career psychiatrists in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean region: study protocol. Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1340181.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"13285_CR20","unstructured":"Balkhy H. Increasing access to healthcare in the Eastern mediterranean region. Information for authors; 1995. p. 1."},{"issue":"4","key":"13285_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","volume":"151","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(4):264\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"13285_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/00207233.2011.582700","volume":"68","author":"J Isaac","year":"2011","unstructured":"Isaac J, Hilal J. Palestinian landscape and the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict. Int J Environ Stud. 2011;68(4):413\u201329.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"13285_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15331","volume":"26","author":"A Kuate Defo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kuate Defo A, et al. Diabetes, antidiabetic medications and risk of dementia: A systematic umbrella review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metabolism. 2024;26(2):441\u201362.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabolism"},{"issue":"9","key":"13285_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0136065","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136065","volume":"10","author":"A Alshabanat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alshabanat A, et al. Asthma and COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS): a systematic review and meta analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0136065.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"13285_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.08.008","volume":"16","author":"M Amamou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amamou M, Ben-Ahmed K. Managing the COVID-19 pandemic in thirty-two policy measures in Saudi arabia: a mixed-methods analysis. J Infect Public Health. 2023;16(10):1650\u20138.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"13285_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.09.001","volume":"13","author":"TH Alenazi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alenazi TH, et al. Prevalence and predictors of anxiety among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(11):1645\u201351.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"13285_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.52609\/jmlph.v2i2.50","volume":"2","author":"B Mzahim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mzahim B, et al. The risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among frontline healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. The Journal of Medicine, Law & Public Health. 2022;2(2):113\u201322.","journal-title":"The Journal of Medicine, Law & Public Health"},{"key":"13285_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alshehri AS, Alghamdi AH. Post-traumatic stress disorder among healthcare workers diagnosed with COVID-19 in jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi arabia, 2020 to 2021. Cureus, 2021. 13(8).","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.17371"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2024.78.22-28","volume":"78","author":"EA Alabdullatif","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alabdullatif EA, Alameri RA, Al-Dossary RNM. Relationship between quality of sleep and psychological well-being among frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Med Arch. 2024;78(1):22.","journal-title":"Med Arch"},{"key":"13285_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.619540","volume":"11","author":"M Al Ammari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al Ammari M, et al. Mental health outcomes amongst health care workers during COVID 19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Front Psychiatry. 2021;11: 619540.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"13285_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4103\/meajo.MEAJO_220_20","volume":"27","author":"AI Almater","year":"2020","unstructured":"Almater AI, et al. Effect of 2019 coronavirus pandemic on ophthalmologists practicing in Saudi arabia: a psychological health assessment. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2020;27(2):79\u201385.","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"13285_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alamri HS et al. COVID-19 psychological impact on health care workers in Saudi Arabia. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021. 18(11).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18116076"},{"key":"13285_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhurishi SA et al. Mental health outcomes of healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi arabia: A Cross-Sectional study. Front Public Health, 2021. 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.625523"},{"key":"13285_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moussa ML et al. Fear of nurses during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi arabia: A Cross-Sectional assessment. Front Psychol, 2021. 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.736103"},{"issue":"3","key":"13285_CR35","first-page":"e55433","volume":"16","author":"SM Rasheed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rasheed SM, et al. Perceived stress among nurses at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cureus. 2024;16(3):e55433.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"13285_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abolfotouh MA et al. Perception and attitude of healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia with regard to Covid-19 pandemic and potential associated predictors. BMC Infect Dis, 2020. 20(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05443-3"},{"issue":"4","key":"13285_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-021-00014-4","volume":"11","author":"N Alwaqdani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alwaqdani N, et al. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in riyadh, Saudi arabia: perceived stress scale measures. J Epidemiol Global Health. 2021;11(4):377\u201388.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Global Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"13285_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1080\/00207411.2022.2035905","volume":"51","author":"SN El-Tallawy","year":"2022","unstructured":"El-Tallawy SN, et al. Prevalence and risk factors associated with mental health symptoms among anesthetists in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Mental Health. 2022;51(4):448\u201369.","journal-title":"Int J Mental Health"},{"key":"13285_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali SAA, Diab SSEM, Elmahallawy EK. Exploring the psychological stress, anxiety factors, and coping mechanisms of critical care unit nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health, 2021. 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.767517"},{"key":"13285_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khedri B et al. Assessment of the mental health and associated factors among healthcare workers in Iran during COVID-19 pandemic. J Psychiatric Nursing\/Psikiyatri Hemsireleri Dernegi, 2023. 14(3).","DOI":"10.14744\/phd.2022.29964"},{"issue":"4","key":"13285_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12213","volume":"41","author":"M Kamali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kamali M, et al. Anxiety due to COVID-19 among healthcare providers during pandemic: A web\u2010based cross\u2010sectional survey in Iran. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep. 2021;41(4):496\u2013510.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-022-00647-z","volume":"22","author":"M Sabbaghi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sabbaghi M, et al. Investigation of stress, anxiety, and depression levels of pre-hospital emergency medicine personnel in Eastern Iran during the Covid-19 pandemic. BMC Emerg Med. 2022;22(1): 97.","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"13285_CR43","first-page":"443","volume":"10","author":"F Hosseini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hosseini F, et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder in Iranian healthcare workers dealing with COVID-19 pandemic. Health Educ Health Promotion. 2022;10(3):443\u20139.","journal-title":"Health Educ Health Promotion"},{"issue":"4","key":"13285_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.52547\/johe.10.4.274","volume":"10","author":"SM Hossini Rafsanjanipoor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hossini Rafsanjanipoor SM, et al. Psychological consequences of the COVID-19 disease among physicians and medical students: a survey in Kerman province, iran, in 2020. J Occup Health Epidemiol. 2021;10(4):274\u201381.","journal-title":"J Occup Health Epidemiol"},{"key":"13285_CR45","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"A Mani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mani A, et al. Mental health status of healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A survey of hospitals in shiraz, Iran. Galen Med J. 2023;12:1.","journal-title":"Galen Med J"},{"key":"13285_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed SK. The impact of COVID-19 on nursing practice: lessons learned and future trends. Cureus, 2023. 15(12).","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.50098"},{"key":"13285_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vejdani M et al. Challenges faced by nurses while caring for COVID-19 patients: A qualitative study. J Educ Health Promotion, 2021. 10(1).","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1550_20"},{"key":"13285_CR48","unstructured":"Behnoush AH et al. Anxiety, depression, and their contributing factors among nurses infected with COVID-19 in iran: a cross-sectional study. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 2022. 24(2)."},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-022-00911-8","volume":"10","author":"A Sharifi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharifi A, et al. Depression, anxiety, and stress among Iranian nurses in COVID-19 care wards. BMC Psychol. 2022;10(1):205.","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"13285_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.52865\/ZPFF7715","volume":"6","author":"E Kakemam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kakemam E, et al. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among Iranian nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak and their related factors. Israa Univ J Appl Sci. 2022;6(2):118\u201338.","journal-title":"Israa Univ J Appl Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"13285_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.30699\/jogcr.7.2.69","volume":"7","author":"M Kaveh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaveh M, et al. Anxiety levels among female Iranian health care workers during the covid-19 surge: A cross-sectional study. J Obstet Gynecol Cancer Res. 2022;7(2):69\u201376.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12153","volume":"41","author":"L Hassannia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hassannia L, et al. Anxiety and depression in health workers and general population during COVID-19 in IRAN: A Cross-Sectional study. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep. 2021;41(1):40\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43045-022-00276-z","volume":"30","author":"P Kolivand","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kolivand P, et al. Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 2 years after outbreak on mental health of medical workers in Iran. Middle East Curr Psychiatry. 2023;30(1): 4.","journal-title":"Middle East Curr Psychiatry"},{"key":"13285_CR54","first-page":"132","volume":"34","author":"F Jawed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jawed F, et al. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: knowledge, attitude, practice, and perceived stress among health care workers in karachi, Pakistan. Med J Islamic Repub Iran. 2020;34:132.","journal-title":"Med J Islamic Repub Iran"},{"issue":"2","key":"13285_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.pujz\/2020.35.2.217.222","volume":"35","author":"H Sarwar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarwar H, et al. Mental health status of health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in setting of DHQ hospital jhelum, punjab, pakistan: a cross-sectional study. Punjab Univ J Zool. 2020;35(2):217\u201322.","journal-title":"Punjab Univ J Zool"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.4.2021.067","volume":"22","author":"SM Ali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ali SM, Nausheen S. Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional survey from Pakistan. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2022;22(1):82.","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"13285_CR57","first-page":"221","volume":"29","author":"M Idrees","year":"2021","unstructured":"Idrees M, et al. DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND STRESS LEVEL DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN PATHOLOGISTS WORKING IN TERTIARY HEALTH CARE CENTRES OF PAKISTAN. J Med Sci (Peshawar). 2021;29(4):221\u20136.","journal-title":"J Med Sci (Peshawar)"},{"key":"13285_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1017\/exp.2020.68","volume":"2","author":"N Haroon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haroon N, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and sources of anxiety among emergency department healthcare workers in Pakistan during COVID-19 pandemic: a single center survey. Experimental Results. 2021;2:e2.","journal-title":"Experimental Results"},{"key":"13285_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S369452","volume":"15","author":"MJ Tahir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tahir MJ, et al. Psychological impact of COVID-19 on Doctors and medical students of punjab, pakistan: A logistic regression analysis. J Multidisciplinary Healthc. 2022;15:1297\u2013308.","journal-title":"J Multidisciplinary Healthc"},{"key":"13285_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10873-y","volume":"21","author":"S Malik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Malik S, et al. Fear of COVID-19 and workplace phobia among Pakistani doctors: A survey study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.652","volume":"8","author":"A Hendy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hendy A, et al. Predictive factors affecting stress among nurses providing care at COVID-19 isolation hospitals at Egypt. Nurs Open. 2021;8(1):498\u2013505.","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"key":"13285_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.080","volume":"278","author":"A Arafa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arafa A, et al. Depressed, anxious, and stressed: what have healthcare workers on the frontlines in Egypt and Saudi Arabia experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic? J Affect Disord. 2021;278:365\u201371.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"13285_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-021-00357-6","volume":"57","author":"M Abdelghani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdelghani M, et al. Exploring the factors associated with coronaphobia among physicians during the COVID-19 outbreak in Egypt. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg. 2021;57:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03225-y","volume":"21","author":"MM Abu-Elenin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abu-Elenin MM. Immediate psychological outcomes associated with COVID-19 pandemic in frontline physicians: a cross-sectional study in Egypt. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21(1): 215.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"13285_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020960192","volume":"67","author":"H Elkholy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elkholy H, et al. Mental health of frontline healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 in Egypt: a call for action. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021;67(5):522\u201331.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"13285_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hegazy AA et al. Stress among health care providers in NICU department, tertiary pediatric care hospital during COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt. J Public Health Res, 2023. 12(1).","DOI":"10.1177\/22799036221147095"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-021-00394-1","volume":"57","author":"HM Elgohary","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elgohary HM, et al. Depression among health workers caring for patients with COVID-19 in Egypt. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg. 2021;57(1): 139.","journal-title":"Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg"},{"issue":"E","key":"13285_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2021.7791","volume":"9","author":"NM Elghazally","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elghazally NM, Abdeldaim D. Depression among medical staff during the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic in egypt: a comparative web-based cross-sectional study. Open Access Macedonian J Med Sci. 2021;9(E):1578\u201385.","journal-title":"Open Access Macedonian J Med Sci"},{"key":"13285_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.661134","volume":"9","author":"F Al-Hosani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Hosani F, et al. A review of COVID-19 mass testing in the United Arab Emirates. Front Public Health. 2021;9: 661134.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"13285_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.18.1.54","author":"A Srivastava","year":"2024","unstructured":"Srivastava A, et al. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare personnel in United Arab Emirates. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2024.","journal-title":"J Pure Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"13285_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111410","volume":"18","author":"S Ajab","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ajab S, et al. Occupational health of frontline healthcare workers in the United Arab Emirates during the COVID-19 pandemic: a snapshot of summer 2020. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(21): 11410.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"13285_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604369","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2021.1604369","volume":"66","author":"B Saddik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saddik B, et al. Psychological distress and anxiety levels among health care workers at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in the united Arab Emirates. Int J Public Health. 2021;66:1604369.","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"13285_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1159\/000518717","volume":"4","author":"F Alghufli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alghufli F, et al. Investigating the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health status and factors influencing negative mental health among health-care workers in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Dubai Med J. 2021;4(4):301\u20139.","journal-title":"Dubai Med J"},{"key":"13285_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.049","volume":"104","author":"S Al-Mahruqi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Mahruqi S, et al. Molecular epidemiology of COVID-19 in Oman: a molecular and surveillance study for the early transmission of COVID-19 in the country. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;104:139\u201349.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"13285_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e203","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2020.103","volume":"35","author":"F Khamis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khamis F, et al. The mental health of female physicians and nurses in Oman during the COVID-19 pandemic. Oman Med J. 2020;35(6):e203.","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020939596","volume":"67","author":"A Badahdah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Badahdah A, et al. The mental health of health care workers in Oman during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021;67(1):90\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"13285_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12998","volume":"27","author":"MF Chan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chan MF, et al. Mental health outcomes among health-care workers in Oman during COVID\u201019: a cluster analysis. Int J Nurs Pract. 2021;27(6): e12998.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Pract"},{"key":"13285_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpopen.2022.100084","volume":"3","author":"SD Razavi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Razavi SD, et al. Priority setting for pandemic preparedness and response: a comparative analysis of COVID-19 pandemic plans in 12 countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Health Policy OPEN. 2022;3:100084.","journal-title":"Health Policy OPEN"},{"key":"13285_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/2024.30.5.369","author":"F Rabbani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rabbani F, et al. A systematic review of mental health of women in fragile and humanitarian settings of the Eastern Mediterranean region. East Mediterr Health J. 2024.","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.15171\/ijhpm.2013.05","volume":"1","author":"HA Tlaiss","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tlaiss HA. Women in healthcare: barriers and enablers from a developing country perspective. Int J Health Policy Manage. 2013;1(1):23.","journal-title":"Int J Health Policy Manage"},{"key":"13285_CR81","first-page":"1016","volume-title":"Mental health among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"N Smallwood","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smallwood N, Willis K. Mental health among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, vol. 26. Respirology (Carlton, Vic.); 2021. p. 1016."},{"key":"13285_CR82","first-page":"70","volume-title":"Symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidal ideation among state, tribal, local, and territorial public health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic\u2014United states, March\u2013April 2021","author":"J Bryant-Genevier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bryant-Genevier J. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidal ideation among state, tribal, local, and territorial public health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic\u2014United states, March\u2013April 2021. Morbidity and mortality weekly report: MMWR; 2021. p. 70."},{"issue":"9","key":"13285_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15339","volume":"78","author":"MT Hickling","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hickling MT, Barnett SD. Psychological impact of COVID-19 on nursing personnel: a regional online survey. J Adv Nurs. 2022;78(9):3025\u201333.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"13285_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2021.42","volume":"7","author":"J Gilleen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gilleen J, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and well-being of UK healthcare workers. BJPsych Open. 2021;7(3):e88.","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"key":"13285_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.04.003","volume":"151","author":"A Frajerman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frajerman A, et al. Psychological distress among outpatient physicians in private practice linked to COVID-19 and related mental health during the second lockdown. J Psychiatr Res. 2022;151:50\u20136.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"13285_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.701127","volume":"12","author":"A Vancappel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vancappel A, et al. Psychological impact of exposure to the COVID-19 sanitary crisis on French healthcare workers: risk factors and coping strategies. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12: 701127.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"13285_CR87","first-page":"136","volume":"17","author":"M Babamiri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Babamiri M, et al. Burnout and mental health of COVID-19 frontline healthcare workers: results from an online survey. Iran J Psychiatry. 2022;17(2):136.","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"13285_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12750","volume":"69","author":"S Andlib","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andlib S, et al. Burnout and psychological distress among Pakistani nurses providing care to COVID-19 patients: a cross\u2010sectional study. Int Nurs Rev. 2022;69(4):529\u201337.","journal-title":"Int Nurs Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"13285_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2022.04.015","volume":"30","author":"ZS AlKudsi","year":"2022","unstructured":"AlKudsi ZS, et al. Mental health, burnout and resilience in community pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Pharm J. 2022;30(7):1009\u201317.","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"},{"issue":"24","key":"13285_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413374","volume":"18","author":"A Lasalvia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lasalvia A, et al. The sustained psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers one year after the outbreak\u2014a repeated cross-sectional survey in a tertiary hospital of North-East Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(24): 13374.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"13285_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052390","volume":"18","author":"S Pappa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pappa S, et al. From recession to depression? Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, traumatic stress and burnout in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece: a multi-center, cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5): 2390.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"13285_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e050380","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050380","volume":"11","author":"N Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan N, et al. Cross-sectional survey on physician burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic in Vancouver, Canada: the role of gender, ethnicity and sexual orientation. BMJ Open. 2021;11(5):e050380.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"13285_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa124","volume":"42","author":"E-M Skoda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Skoda E-M, et al. Psychological burden of healthcare professionals in Germany during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: differences and similarities in the international context. J Public Health. 2020;42(4):688\u201395.","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"13285_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2021.110415","volume":"144","author":"E Morawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morawa E, et al. Psychosocial burden and working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: the VOICE survey among 3678 health care workers in hospitals. J Psychosom Res. 2021;144: 110415.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"13285_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1083","volume":"173","author":"BY Tan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan BY, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(4):317\u201320.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"13285_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.01.023","volume":"120","author":"A Thatrimontrichai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thatrimontrichai A, Weber DJ, Apisarnthanarak A. Mental health among healthcare personnel during COVID-19 in asia: A systematic review. J Formos Med Assoc. 2021;120(6):1296\u2013304.","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"13285_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu D et al. Frontline nurses\u2019 burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in wuhan, china: A large-scale cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine, 2020. 24.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100424"},{"key":"13285_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204662","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1204662","volume":"11","author":"T Gr\u00fcnheid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcnheid T, Hazem A. Mental wellbeing of frontline health workers post-pandemic: lessons learned and a way forward. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1204662.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"13285_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104706","volume":"253","author":"P-FL Ira\u00eds","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ira\u00eds P-FL, Ed\u00e9n P-TM, Erika R-T. Post-pandemic depression, anxiety, and stress: A look at the mental health of medical and administrative staff. Acta Psychol. 2025;253:104706.","journal-title":"Acta Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"13285_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14070680","volume":"14","author":"S Mu\u00f1oz-Ortega","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Ortega S, et al. Mental health in healthcare workers Post-COVID-19: A Latin American review and insights into personalized management strategies. J Personalized Med. 2024;14(7):680.","journal-title":"J Personalized Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"13285_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e188","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00259-0","volume":"7","author":"SE Peters","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peters SE, et al. Work and worker health in the post-pandemic world: a public health perspective. Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(2):e188\u201394.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"13285_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.2355","volume":"80","author":"C Mangurian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mangurian C, et al. Envisioning the future of well-being efforts for health care workers\u2014successes and lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Psychiatry. 2023;80(9):962\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"13285_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-020-00529-0","volume":"18","author":"IL Bourgeault","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bourgeault IL, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic presents an opportunity to develop more sustainable health workforces. Hum Resour Health. 2020;18:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"13285_CR104","first-page":"580","volume":"43","author":"HM Al Noaimi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al Noaimi HM, et al. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of health care workers of Bahrain defence force Royal medical services. Bahrain Med Bull. 2021;43(3):580\u20137.","journal-title":"Bahrain Med Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.12740\/APP\/130304","volume":"23","author":"M Abdelghani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdelghani M, Mahdy RS, El-Gohari HM. Health anxiety to COVID-19 virus infection and its relationship to quality of life in a sample of health care workers in egypt: A cross-sectional study. Archives Psychiatry Psychother. 2021;23(1):19\u201328.","journal-title":"Archives Psychiatry Psychother"},{"key":"13285_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed GK, Ramadan HKA, Refay SM, Khashbah MA. Comparison of knowledge, attitude, socioeconomic burden,\u00a0and mental health disorders of COVID-19 pandemic between general population and health care workers in\u00a0Egypt. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg. 2021;57(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-021-00280-w"},{"key":"13285_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdu SMM, Mohamed S, El-Gilany AH. Psychological distress among primary health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in mansoura, Egypt. Middle East Curr Psychiatry, 2023. 30(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s43045-023-00330-4"},{"key":"13285_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monfared A et al. Psychological distress and coping strategies among clinicians and medical students during the covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in guilan, Iran. Shiraz E Med J, 2021. 22(5).","DOI":"10.5812\/semj.109764"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1319_20","volume":"10","author":"H Sheikhbardsiri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sheikhbardsiri H, et al. Anxiety, stress and depression levels among nurses of educational hospitals in iran: time of performing nursing care for suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients. J Educ Health Promotion. 2021;10(1):447.","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promotion"},{"key":"13285_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jafarabadi MA et al. Psychometric Evaluation of Stress in 17,414 Critical Care Unit Nurses: Effects of Age, Gender, and Working Conditions. 2021. pp. 199\u2013212.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-55035-6_14"},{"issue":"2","key":"13285_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/145915","volume":"59","author":"A Behforouz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Behforouz A, et al. Gender differences in concerns, stress levels and behavior changes in dental academics in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Dent Med Probl. 2022;59(2):167\u201376.","journal-title":"Dent Med Probl"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_12_21","volume":"13","author":"R Hosseinzadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hosseinzadeh R, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection-related stigma, depression, anxiety, and stress in Iranian healthcare workers. Int J Prev Med. 2022;13(1):88.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"13285_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khoshbakht-Pishkhani M et al. Investigating the psychological impact of COVID\u201319 on frontline medical staff and coping strategies during the disease outbreak in the medical centers of rasht, IRAN, 2020. Int J Afr Nurs Sci, 2023. 19.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijans.2023.100618"},{"key":"13285_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijans.2023.100572","author":"Z Salami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salami Z, Mozaffari N, Mohammadi MA. Perceived stress and coping strategies among emergency department nurses and emergency medical services staff during the fifth wave of COVID-19 in Iran: a cross-sectional correlational study. Int J Afr Nurs Sci. 2023.","journal-title":"Int J Afr Nurs Sci"},{"key":"13285_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarvandian, et al. Mental health status in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: an online questionnaire study in the Southwest Iran. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(4):e0298058.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298058"},{"key":"13285_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_637_22","volume":"11","author":"B Hadi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hadi B, Mohammed SH. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses mental health status in Iraq. J Educ Health Promot. 2022;11:317.","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"key":"13285_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oteir AO, et al. Depression, anxiety and insomnia among frontline healthcare workers amid the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Jordan: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2022.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050078"},{"key":"13285_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yassin A, et al. Prevalence estimates and risk factors of anxiety among healthcare workers in Jordan over one year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectiona study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052615"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR119","first-page":"e33606","volume":"15","author":"M Ayed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ayed M, et al. COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on resident physicians\u2019 mental well-being: a cross-sectional study in Kuwait. Cureus. 2023;15(1):e33606.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"6","key":"13285_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105321991630","volume":"27","author":"M Bizri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bizri M, et al. Psychological distress experienced by physicians and nurses at a tertiary care center in Lebanon during the COVID-19 outbreak. J Health Psychol. 2022;27(6):1288\u2013300.","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"13285_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2021.06.016","volume":"48","author":"M Zarzour","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zarzour M, et al. Anxiety and sleep quality in a sample of Lebanese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. Encephale. 2022;48(5):496\u2013503.","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1302","volume":"104","author":"H Essangri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Essangri H, et al. Predictive factors for impaired mental health among medical students during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2021;104(1):95\u2013102.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"13285_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469580221147377","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580221147377","volume":"60","author":"O Bouaddi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bouaddi O, et al. Anxiety, stress, and depression among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Cross-Sectional study in Morocco. Inquiry: J Med Care Organ Provis Financing. 2023;60:469580221147377.","journal-title":"Inquiry: J Med Care Organ Provis Financing"},{"issue":"3","key":"13285_CR124","first-page":"1268","volume":"8","author":"F Jahan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jahan F, et al. Mental health status among health care workers in primary care exposed to COVID-19 pandemic in North batinah, Oman. Eur J Mol Clin Med. 2021;8(3):1268\u201380.","journal-title":"Eur J Mol Clin Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"13285_CR125","first-page":"e11753","volume":"12","author":"H Shahid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shahid H, et al. COVID-19 and its psychological impacts on healthcare Staff - A Multi-Centric comparative Cross-Sectional study. Cureus. 2020;12(11):e11753.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"13285_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayat K et al. Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare workers: A Cross-Sectional study from Pakistan. Front Public Health, 2021. 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.603602"},{"key":"13285_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02864-x","volume":"20","author":"F Amin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amin F, et al. COVID-19 pandemic-knowledge, perception, anxiety and depression among frontline Doctors of Pakistan. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20:1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"13285_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salman M et al. Psychological effects of COVID-19 among health care workers, and how they are coping: A Web-Based, Cross-Sectional study during the first wave of COVID-19 in Pakistan. Disaster Med Pub Health Prep, 2023. 17(7).","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2022.4"},{"key":"13285_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maraqa B, Nazzal Z, Zink T. Palestinian health care workers\u2019 stress and stressors during COVID-19 pandemic: A Cross-Sectional study. J Prim Care Community Health, 2020. 11.","DOI":"10.1177\/2150132720955026"},{"key":"13285_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmead M, Sharif NE, Asad S. Healthcare Workers\u2019 Emotions, Perceived Stressors, and Coping Strategies at Workplace during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Palestine. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022. 19(19).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191911966"},{"key":"13285_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abed Alah M et al. The psychological impact of COVID-19 on health care workers working in a unique environment under the umbrella of Qatar red crescent society. Heliyon, 2021. 7(6).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07236"},{"key":"13285_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wadoo O et al. Mental wellbeing of healthcare workers working in quarantine centers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar. Qatar Med J, 2021. 2020(3).","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2020.39"},{"key":"13285_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Muharraq EH. The psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on nurses in Saudi Arabia and their coping strategies. SAGE Open Nursing; 2021. p. 7.","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608211011322"},{"key":"13285_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almalki AH et al. The psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers in Saudi arabia: A year later into the pandemic. Front Psychiatry, 2021. 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.797545"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5114\/fmpcr.2022.113010","volume":"24","author":"A Almaqhawi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Almaqhawi A, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare professionals in the al Ahsa region, Saudi Arabia. Family Med Prim Care Rev. 2022;24(1):27\u201331.","journal-title":"Family Med Prim Care Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"13285_CR136","first-page":"e48284","volume":"15","author":"LS Bakhsh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bakhsh LS, et al. Emotions, perceived stressors, and coping strategies among nursing staff in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cureus. 2023;15(11):e48284.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"10","key":"13285_CR137","first-page":"e47394","volume":"15","author":"AF El Fouhil","year":"2023","unstructured":"El Fouhil AF, et al. Mental illnesses and quality of sleep among nurses working at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cureus. 2023;15(10):e47394.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"13285_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.5455\/rmj.20231021041912","volume":"49","author":"H Albarqi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Albarqi H, et al. Level of stress in first line nurses in East Jeddah hospital, Saudi Arabia during COVID-19 pandemic. Rawal Med J. 2024;49(1):55\u20138.","journal-title":"Rawal Med J"},{"issue":"11","key":"13285_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2840","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2416_22","volume":"12","author":"SMJ Ahmed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmed SMJ, et al. The psychological impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on health-care workers in primary health-care centers in resource-poor settings. J Family Med Prim Care. 2023;12(11):2840\u20137.","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"13285_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.18502\/sjms.v15i5.7136","volume":"15","author":"MM Elamin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elamin MM, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health professionals in Sudan 2020. Sudan J Med Sci. 2020;15(2):54\u201370.","journal-title":"Sudan J Med Sci"},{"key":"13285_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammami AS et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare professionals in tunisia: risk and protective factors. Front Psychol, 2021. 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.754047"},{"key":"13285_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slama H et al. Immediate psychological responses, stress factors, and coping behaviors in military Health-Care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia. Front Psychiatry, 2021. 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.622830"},{"issue":"11","key":"13285_CR143","first-page":"675","volume":"60","author":"O Hamdi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamdi O, et al. Mental health outcomes among Tunisian health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Medica Iranica. 2022;60(11):675\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Medica Iranica"},{"issue":"10","key":"13285_CR144","first-page":"670","volume":"100","author":"I Mejri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mejri I, et al. Mental health status of healthcare workers at a third line Tunisian hospital during COVID-19 pandemic. Tunisie Medicale. 2022;100(10):670\u20135.","journal-title":"Tunisie Medicale"},{"key":"13285_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmood NMA et al. Psychological effect of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare professionals of Yemen and coping strategies. Libyan J Med, 2023. 18(1).","DOI":"10.1080\/19932820.2023.2184297"}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13285-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13285-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13285-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T14:03:43Z","timestamp":1763647423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13285-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"references-count":145,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["13285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13285-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors used AI-assisted language editing tools to enhance the writing quality and minimize unintentional plagiarism.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1501"}}