{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:48:29Z","timestamp":1763038109110,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-13402-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T11:38:49Z","timestamp":1759405129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Medication-related burden variation across chronic conditions: a population-based cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6880-6377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Mikkola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6555-7833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Aarnio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3515-0792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katri","family":"H\u00e4meen-Anttila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6077-5671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marja","family":"Airaksinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8199-0700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarit","family":"Dimitrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0887-0137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leena","family":"Saastamoinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"13402_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim E, Gupta S, Bolge S, Chen CC, Whitehead R, Bates JA. Adherence and outcomes associated with copayment burden in schizophrenia: a cross-sectional survey. J Med Econ [Internet]. 2010 Jun [cited 2024 Jun 14];13(2):185\u201392. Available from: https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3111\/13696991003723023","DOI":"10.3111\/13696991003723023"},{"issue":"5","key":"13402_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2005.0117.x","volume":"20","author":"S Vijan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vijan S, Hayward RA, Ronis DL, Hofer T. Brief report: the burden of diabetes therapy: implications for the design of effective patient-centered treatment regimens. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(5):479\u201382.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"13402_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammed MA, Moles RJ, Chen TF. Medication-related burden and patients\u2019 lived experience with medicine: A systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative studies. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2016 Feb 2 [cited 2023 Feb 2];6:e010035. Available from: https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/content\/6\/2\/e010035","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010035"},{"key":"13402_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"May CR, Eton DT, Boehmer K, Gallacher K, Hunt K, MacDonald S et al. Rethinking the patient: using Burden of Treatment Theory to understand the changing dynamics of illness. BMC Health Serv Res [Internet]. 2014 Jun 26 [cited 2024 Sep 5];14(1). Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24969758\/","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-281"},{"key":"13402_CR5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Adherence to long-term therapies. Evidence for action [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2023 Feb 2]. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/42682\/9241545992.pdf;jsessionid=B8A0D561651D36D9E7962B8A195AC409?sequence=1"},{"issue":"3","key":"13402_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2021.02.003","volume":"50","author":"OK Nordfonn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nordfonn OK, Morken IM, Bru LE, Larsen AI, Huseb\u00f8 AML. Burden of treatment in patients with chronic heart failure \u2013 A cross-sectional study. Heart Lung. 2021;50(3):369\u201374.","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"2","key":"13402_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4997\/JRCPE.2015.205","volume":"45","author":"A Abu Dabrh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abu Dabrh A, Gallacher K, Boehmer K, Hargraves I, Mair F. Minimally disruptive medicine: the evidence and conceptual progress supporting a new era of healthcare. J Royal Coll Physicians Edinb. 2015;45(2):114\u20137.","journal-title":"J Royal Coll Physicians Edinb"},{"key":"13402_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sav A, Kendall E, Mcmillan SS, Kelly F, Whitty JA, King MA et al. \u2018You say treatment, I say hard work\u2019: treatment burden among people with chronic illness and their carers in Australia. Health Soc Care Community [Internet]. 2013 Nov 1 [cited 2024 Sep 10];21(6):665\u201374. Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hsc.12052","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12052"},{"issue":"4","key":"13402_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.04.002","volume":"16","author":"G Gonz\u00e1lez-Saldivar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Saldivar G, Millan-Alanis JM, Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez JG, S\u00e1nchez-G\u00f3mez RA, Obeso-Fern\u00e1ndez J, McCoy RG, et al. Treatment burden and perceptions of glucose-lowering therapy among people living with diabetes. Prim Care Diabetes. 2022;16(4):568\u201373.","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"13402_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2021.01.006","volume":"5","author":"G Spencer-Bonilla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spencer-Bonilla G, Serrano V, Gao C, Sanchez M, Carroll K, Gionfriddo MR, et al. Patient work and treatment burden in type 2 diabetes: A Mixed-Methods study. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2021;5(2):359\u201367.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"6","key":"13402_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14199","volume":"37","author":"E Litterbach","year":"2020","unstructured":"Litterbach E, Holmes-Truscott E, Pouwer F, Speight J, Hendrieckx C. I wish my health professionals understood that it\u2019s not just all about your HbA1c! Qualitative responses from the second diabetes MILES \u2013 Australia (MILES-2) study. Diabet Med. 2020;37(6):971\u201381.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"13402_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan S, Bullock L, Manning F, Chew-Graham CA, Paskins Z. Exploring the treatment burden of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug monitoring in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Adv Pract [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Jul 8];7(2):54. Available from: http:\/\/\/\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10307943\/","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkad054"},{"key":"13402_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Krska J, Katusiime B, Corlett SA. Patient experiences of the burden of using medicines for long-term conditions and factors affecting burden: A cross-sectional survey. Health Soc Care Community [Internet]. 2018 Nov 1 [cited 2024 Sep 5];26(6):946\u201359. Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hsc.12624","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12624"},{"issue":"1","key":"13402_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09237-9","volume":"20","author":"SS McMillan","year":"2020","unstructured":"McMillan SS, Stewart V, Wheeler AJ, Kelly F, Stapleton H. Medication management in the context of mental illness: an exploratory study of young people living in Australia. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1188.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"13402_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2009.11.002","volume":"32","author":"D Kranke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kranke D, Floersch J, Townsend L, Munson M. Stigma experience among adolescents taking psychiatric medication. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2010;32(4):496\u2013505.","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"13402_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikkola H, Dimitrow M, H\u00e4meen-Anttila K, Laukkanen E, Airaksinen M. Understanding medication-related burden from patient perspectives: a qualitative study testing the applicability of the conceptual model among chronically ill outpatients in Finland. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2023 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Jul 9];13(12). Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38040425\/","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-077214"},{"key":"13402_CR17","unstructured":"Finnish Medicines Agency Fimea. Medicines Barometer - Fimea.fi [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Jun 4]. Available from: https:\/\/fimea.fi\/en\/development\/research\/medicines-barometer"},{"key":"13402_CR18","unstructured":"Jyrkk\u00e4 J, Kokko M, Mikkola H. L\u00e4\u00e4kebarometri-v\u00e4est\u00f6kysely: Kyselyiden toteutus ja sis\u00e4lt\u00f6. 2024 Feb 23 [cited 2024 Jul 9]; Available from: https:\/\/www.julkari.fi\/handle\/10024\/148552"},{"key":"#cr-split#-13402_CR19.1","unstructured":"Finnish Medicines Agency. L\u00e4\u00e4kebarometri 2021 L\u00e4\u00e4kehoidon kuormittavuus arjessa [Internet]. Fimea kehitt\u00e4\u00e4, arvioi ja informoi: 3\/2022. Kuopio"},{"key":"#cr-split#-13402_CR19.2","unstructured":"2022 [cited 2024 Dec 18]. Available from: https:\/\/urn.fi\/URN:ISBN:978-952-7299-33-3"},{"key":"13402_CR20","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Applied logistic regression","author":"RX Sturdivant","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sturdivant RX, Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW. Model-Building strategies and methods for logistic regression. In: Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW, Sturdivant RX, editors. Applied logistic regression. 3rd ed. United States: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated; 2013. pp. 89\u2013151.","edition":"3"},{"key":"13402_CR21","unstructured":"Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK. Publications of the Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK 4\/2023. Helsinki; 2023. The Finnish code of conduct for research integrity and procedures for handling alleged violations of research integrity in Finland 2023."},{"key":"13402_CR22","unstructured":"Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK. The ethical principles of research with human participants and ethical review in the human sciences in Finland. Finnish National board on research integrity TENK guidelines 2019. Publications of the Finnish National board on research integrity TENK 3\/2019. Helsinki; 2019."},{"key":"13402_CR23","unstructured":"Finlex. Tietosuojalaki 1050\/2018 (Data Protection Act) [Internet]., Oikeusministeri\u00f6. Edita Lakitieto Oy; 2018. Available from: https:\/\/www.finlex.fi\/fi\/laki\/ajantasa\/2018\/20181050"},{"key":"13402_CR24","unstructured":"European Parliament and the Council of Europe. Regulation (EU) 2016\/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95\/46\/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) [Internet]. Eur-Lex 2016. Available from: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R0679&amp;qid=1719826681915"},{"key":"13402_CR25","unstructured":"Parkkam\u00e4ki S. Voimaantumiseen pohjautuva tyypin 2 diabeteksen omahoidon tuki apteekissa: Esimerkkin\u00e4 M\u00e4ntyharjun Havu-apteekki [Internet]. [Helsinki]: University of Helsinki; 2013 [cited 2024 Oct 1]. Available from: http:\/\/urn.fi\/URN:ISBN:978-952-10-9057-8"},{"key":"13402_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paczkowski R, Poon JL, Cutts KN, Krucien N, Osumili B, Piras de Oliveira C et al. The Burden and Impacts of Mealtime Insulin from the Perspective of People with Diabetes. Diabetes Therapy [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Jun 11];14:1057\u201372. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13300-023-01405-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-023-01405-5"},{"key":"13402_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mondesir FL, Levitan EB, Malla G, Mukerji R, Carson AP, Safford MM et al. Patient Perspectives on Factors Influencing Medication Adherence Among People with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and CHD Risk Factors. Patient Prefer Adherence [Internet]. 2019 Nov 29 [cited 2024 Jul 10];13:2017\u201327. Available from: https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/patient-perspectives-on-factors-influencing-medication-adherence-among-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-PPA<\\\/bib><\\\/p>","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S222176"},{"key":"13402_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pettersen TR, Fridlund B, Bendz B, Nordrehaug JE, Rotevatn S, Schj\u00f8tt J, Challenges adhering to a medication regimen following first-time percutaneous coronary intervention: A patient perspective. Int J Nurs Stud [Internet]. 2018 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Jul 11];88:16\u201324. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30165236\/<\\\/bib>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2018.07.013"},{"issue":"2","key":"13402_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.10.003","volume":"19","author":"HT Ensing","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ensing HT, Schulte RA, Koster ES Implementing a newly prescribed cardiovascular medicine in daily routine: the patient perspective at readmission to primary care. Res Social Administrative Pharm. 2023;19(2):293\u2013300.","journal-title":"Res Social Administrative Pharm"},{"key":"13402_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savarese G, Lund LH Global Public Health Burden of Heart Failure. Card Fail Rev. 2017;03(01):7.","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2016:25:2"},{"key":"13402_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathes T, Jaschinski T, Pieper D Adherence influencing factors \u2013 a systematic review of systematic reviews. Archives of Public Health [Internet]. 2014 Oct 27 [cited 2024 Jul 10];72(1). Available from: \/pmc\/articles\/PMC4323150\/","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-3258-72-37"},{"key":"13402_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho SC, Jacob SA, Tangiisuran B Barriers and facilitators of adherence to antidepressants among outpatients with major depressive disorder: A qualitative study. PLoS One [Internet]. 2017 Jun 1 [cited 2024 Jul 10];12(6):e0179290. Available from: https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0179290","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179290"},{"key":"13402_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin K, Yao M, Andrew L, Li R, Chen Y, Oosthuizen J, Exploring treatment burden in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a thematic analysis in china\u2019s primary care settings. BMC Primary Care [Internet]. 2024 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Sep 5];25(1):1\u201316. Available from: https:\/\/bmcprimcare.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-024-02301-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-024-02301-y"},{"key":"13402_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller S, Kohlmann T, Wilke T Validation of the Adherence Barriers Questionnaire - An instrument for identifying potential risk factors associated with medication-related non-adherence Quality, performance, safety and outcomes. BMC Health Serv Res [Internet]. 2015 Apr 10 [cited 2024 Sep 13];15(1):1\u201312. Available from: https:\/\/bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12913-015-0809-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-0809-0"},{"key":"13402_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prior A, Vestergaard CH, Vedsted P, Smith SM, Virgilsen LF, Rasmussen LA, Healthcare fragmentation, multimorbidity, potentially inappropriate medication, and mortality: a Danish nationwide cohort study. BMC Med [Internet]. 2023 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Sep 5];21(1):1\u201312. Available from: https:\/\/bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12916-023-03021-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-03021-3"},{"key":"13402_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barker I, Steventon A, Deeny SR Association between continuity of care in general practice and hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions: cross sectional study of routinely collected, person level data. BMJ [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2024 Sep 10];356. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28148478\/","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j84"},{"key":"13402_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dinkler JM, Sugar CA, Escarce JJ, Ong MK, Mangione CM Does Age Matter? Association Between Usual Source of Care and Hypertension Control in the US Population: Data From NHANES 2007\u20132012. Am J Hypertens [Internet]. 2016 Aug 1 [cited 2024 Sep 12];29(8):934. Available from: \/pmc\/articles\/PMC5006109\/","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpw010"},{"key":"13402_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skou ST, Mair FS, Fortin M, Guthrie B, Nunes BP, Miranda JJ, Multimorbidity. Nat Rev Dis Primers [Internet]. 2022 Dec 1 [cited 2025 Jun 11];8(1):48. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7613517\/","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00376-4"},{"key":"13402_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scholl I, Zill JM, H\u00e4rter M, Dirmaier J An Integrative Model of Patient-Centeredness \u2013 A Systematic Review and Concept Analysis. PLoS One [Internet]. 2014 Sep 17 [cited 2024 Jul 9];9(9):e107828. Available from: https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0107828","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107828"},{"key":"13402_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahr MSN SJ, Weiss DNSc ME, Sarah Bahr CJ Clarifying model for continuity of care: A concept analysis. Int J Nurs Pract [Internet]. 2019 Apr 1 [cited 2024 Sep 10];25(2):e12704. Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/ijn.12704","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12704"},{"key":"13402_CR41","unstructured":"2018 [cited 2024 Sep 10]. Available from: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/274628"},{"key":"13402_CR42","unstructured":"Quik JM, Gosselt HR, van Lint JA, Kosse LJ, ten Klooster PM, Vonkeman HE, The burden of adverse drug reactions reported by patients in the Dutch ADR monitor: a proof of concept. Expert Opin Drug Saf [Internet]. 2024 Jul 28 [cited 2024 Sep 11]; Available from: https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/14740338.2024.2383707"},{"key":"13402_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gandhi TK, Weingart SN, Borus J, Seger AC, Peterson J, Burdick E, Adverse Drug Events in Ambulatory Care. 2003 [cited 2024 Jul 9];16:348. Available from: www.nejm.org","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa020703"},{"key":"13402_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteiro C, Silvestre S, Duarte AP, Alves G Assessment of suspected adverse drug reactions in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus based on a Portuguese spontaneous reporting database: analysis of reporting from 2008 to 2018. Expert Opin Drug Saf [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Oct 14];20(7):845\u201353. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33962523\/","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2021.1928072"},{"key":"13402_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fathallah N, Slim R, Larif S, Hmouda H, Ben Salem C. Drug-Induced Hyperglycaemia and Diabetes. Drug Saf [Internet]. 2015 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Oct 14];38(12):1153\u201368. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26370106\/","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-015-0339-z"},{"key":"13402_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iuga AO, Mcguire MJ, Hopkins J, Physicians C Adherence and health care costs. Risk Manag Healthc Policy [Internet]. 2014 Feb 20 [cited 2024 Sep 5];7:35\u201344. Available from: https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/adherence-and-health-care-costs-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RMHP","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S19801"},{"key":"13402_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cortina JM What Is Coefficient Alpha? An Examination of Theory and Applications.Journal of Applied Psychology. 1993;78(1):98\u2013104.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0021-9010.78.1.98"}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13402-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13402-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13402-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T11:38:58Z","timestamp":1759405138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13402-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["13402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13402-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study design did not require an ethical review according to the guidelines on \u2018the ethical principles of research with human participants and ethical review in the human sciences in Finland\u2019 by the Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK. See more information here: . The participants provided informed consent to participate in the study before taking part in it.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1283"}}