{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T01:09:52Z","timestamp":1769476192597,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-13781-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T17:24:25Z","timestamp":1766424265000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-stakeholder validation of an evidence-based core set of quality indicators for IBD in Belgium"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4893-7682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liselotte","family":"Fierens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7786-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank E.","family":"Rademakers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4027-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Bossuyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4370-6708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Baert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Baert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8212-8371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manon","family":"Vanhaverbeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1492-0716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5636-4792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kris","family":"Vanhaecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"13781_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30333-4","volume":"5","author":"S Alatab","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alatab S, Sepanlou SG, Ikuta K, et al. The global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5:17\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30333-4.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"13781_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1159\/000051912","volume":"63","author":"N Okabe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Okabe N. The pathogenesis of Crohn\u2019s disease. Digestion. 2001;63:52\u201359.","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"13781_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2652","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2002697","volume":"383","author":"J Chang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang J. Pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:2652\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra2002697.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"13781_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy276","volume":"25","author":"BD Jackson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jackson BD, De Cruz P. Quality of care in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2019;25:479\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izy276.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"13781_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2005.00397.x","volume":"83","author":"A Donabedian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Donabedian A. Evaluating the quality of medical care. Milbank Q. 2005;83:691\u2013729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2005.00397.x.","journal-title":"The Milbank Q"},{"key":"13781_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa023","volume":"14","author":"G Fiorino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fiorino G, Lytras T, Younge L, et al. Quality of care standards in inflammatory bowel diseases: a European Crohn\u2019s and colitis organisation [ECCO] position paper. J Crohn\u2019s Colitis. 2020;14:1037\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa023.","journal-title":"J Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"13781_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1097\/mib.0b013e31828278a2","volume":"19","author":"GY Melmed","year":"2013","unstructured":"Melmed GY, Allan Siegel C, Spiegel BM, et al. Quality indicators for inflammatory bowel disease: development of process and outcome measures. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19:662\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mib.0b013e31828278a2.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"13781_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx161","volume":"12","author":"AH Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim AH, Roberts C, Feagan BG, et al. Developing a standard set of patient-centred outcomes for inflammatory bowel disease-an international, cross-disciplinary consensus. J Crohn\u2019s Colitis. 2018;12:408\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx161.","journal-title":"J Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"13781_CR9","unstructured":"Association AG. Quality & measures. https:\/\/www.gastro.org\/practice-guidance\/quality-and-performance-measures%0A."},{"key":"13781_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"RL Custer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Custer RL, Scarcella JA, Stewart BR. The modified Delphi technique - a rotational modification. J Vocat Tech Educ. 1998;13:1\u20139.","journal-title":"J Vocat Tech Educ"},{"key":"13781_CR11","volume-title":"The RAND\/UCLA appropriateness method user\u2019s manual","author":"K Fitch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fitch K, Bernstein S, Aguilar M, et al. The RAND\/UCLA appropriateness method user\u2019s manual. Santa Monica (CA): RAND; 2001."},{"key":"13781_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.12.010","volume":"108","author":"E Gargon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gargon E, Crew R, Burnside G, et al. Higher number of items associated with significantly lower response rates in COS Delphi surveys. J Clin Epidemiol. 2019;108:110\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.12.010.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"13781_CR13","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"CC Hsu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hsu CC, Sandford BA. The Delphi technique: making sense of consensus. Pract Assess Res Eval. 2007;12:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Pract Assess, Res Eval"},{"key":"13781_CR14","unstructured":"Fierens L, Liefferinckx C, Sabino J, et al. Literature review and development of a quality indicator set for Belgium. J Clin Gastroenterol. In press."},{"key":"13781_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002804","volume":"36","author":"L Fierens","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fierens L, Bossuyt P, Baert F, et al. Development of a set of measurable outcome indicators for Flemish patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024;36:1075\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002804.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"13781_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7000.299","volume":"311","author":"J Kitzinger","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kitzinger J. Qualitative research: introducing focus groups. BMJ. 1995;311:299\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.311.7000.299.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"13781_CR17","volume-title":"Designing and conducting focus group interviews. St","author":"AR Krueger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Krueger AR. Designing and conducting focus group interviews. St. Paul, Minnesota: University of Minnesota; 2002."},{"key":"13781_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2011.09.012","volume":"49","author":"D de Casterle B","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Casterle B D, Gastmans C, Bryon E, et al. QUAGOL: a guide for qualitative data analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2012;49:360\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2011.09.012.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"13781_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x","volume":"32","author":"F Hasson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hasson F, Keeney S, McKenna H. Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. J Adv Nurs. 2000;32:1008\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"13781_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12235","volume":"4","author":"SS Prasad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prasad SS, Potter M, Keely S, et al. Roles of healthcare professionals in the management of chronic gastrointestinal diseases with a focus on primary care: a systematic review. JGH Open. 2020;4:221\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgh3.12235.","journal-title":"JGH Open"},{"key":"13781_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab052","volume":"15","author":"T Kucharzik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kucharzik T, Ellul P, Greuter T, et al. ECCO guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and management of infections in inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohn\u2019s Colitis. 2021;15:879\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab052.","journal-title":"J Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"13781_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1329-8","volume":"56","author":"L Selby","year":"2011","unstructured":"Selby L, Hoellein A, Wilson JF. Are primary care providers uncomfortable providing routine preventive care for inflammatory bowel disease patients? Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56:819\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-010-1329-8.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"13781_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2011.02586.x","volume":"42","author":"M Tan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tan M, Holloway RH, Lange K, et al. General practitioners\u2019 knowledge of and attitudes to inflammatory bowel disease. Intern Med J. 2012;42:801\u201307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2011.02586.x.","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"13781_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy259","volume":"25","author":"A Bitton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bitton A, Vutcovici M, Lytvyak E, et al. Selection of quality indicators in IBD: integrating physician and patient perspectives. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2019;25:403\u201309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izy259.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"13781_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S234800","volume":"14","author":"RAB Oostendorp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oostendorp RAB, Elvers JWH, van Trijffel E, et al. Relationships between context, process, and outcome indicators to assess quality of physiotherapy care in patients with whiplash-associated disorders: applying Donabedian\u2019s model of care. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2020;14:425\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PPA.S234800.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"13781_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac009","volume":"16","author":"L Fierens","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fierens L, Liefferinckx C, Hoefkens E, et al. Introduction of subcutaneous Infliximab CT-P13 and vedolizumab in clinical practice: a multi-stakeholder position statement highlighting the need for post-marketing studies. J Crohns Colitis. 2022;16:1059\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac009.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"13781_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab006","volume":"27","author":"DT Rubin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rubin DT, Sninsky C, Siegmund B, et al. International perspectives on management of inflammatory bowel disease: opinion differences and similarities between patients and physicians from the IBD GAPPS survey. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2021;27:1942\u201353.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"13781_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.09.008","volume":"7","author":"K Beyer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beyer K, MacLennan SJ, Moris L, et al. The key role of patient involvement in the development of core outcome sets in prostate cancer. Eur Urol Focus. 2021;7:943\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2021.09.008.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"13781_CR29","first-page":"381","volume":"78","author":"RA Wardle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wardle RA, Mayberry JF. Has patient knowledge of inflammatory bowel disease improved since 1999? Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2015;78:381\u201385.","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"key":"13781_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1586\/egh.10.40","volume":"4","author":"R Sehgal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sehgal R, Koltun WA. Scoring systems in inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;4:513\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/egh.10.40.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13781-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13781-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13781-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T14:54:24Z","timestamp":1769439264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13781-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["13781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13781-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of University Hospitals Leuven (S59658). Informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of University Hospitals Leuven.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"LF, FER, DB, MV and KV have no conflicts of interest. PB reports research grants from AbbVie, Amgen, Celltrion, Mylan, Pfizer and Takeda; Lecture fees from AbbVie, Celltrion, Janssen, Lilly and Takeda\/\/Lecture fee; and consulting fees Abbvie, Arena pharmaceuticals, BMS, Celltrion, Dr Falk, Galapagos, Janssen, Lilly, Pentax, PSI-CRO, Roche, Takeda and Tetrameros. None of these activities have any relation to the present study. FB reports a financial interest\/relationship or affiliation in the form of: Grant\/Research Support from AbbVie Inc.; Amgen Inc.; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Speakers Bureau participant with AbbVie Inc.; Ferring Holding SA; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Pfizer Inc.; and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Honoraria from AbbVie Inc.; Amgen Inc.; Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Celgene Corporation; Ferring Holding SA; Fresenius Kabi AG; Galapagos Inc Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Pfizer Inc. and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. None of these activities have any relation to the present study. MF received financial support for research from AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, EG, Janssen, Pfizer, Takeda, and Viatris; receive speakers\u2019 fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Falk, Ferring, Janssen-Cilag, Lamepro, MSD, Mylan, Pfizer, Samsung Bioepis, Sandoz, Takeda, and Truvion Healthcare; and does consultancy for AbbVie, AgomAb Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, Medtronic, MRM Health, MSD, Pfizer, Regeneron, Samsung Bioepis, Sandoz, Takeda, and Thermo Fisher. None of these activities have any relation to the present study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"119"}}