{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:21:13Z","timestamp":1792614073078,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768694400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-026-14029-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T05:13:37Z","timestamp":1768713217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Healthcare providers\u2019 awareness, perceptions and experiences in integrating palliative care for women with HIV and cancer in Nigeria: a qualitative study on barriers and facilitators"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ngozi","family":"Idemili-Aronu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikechukwu Alex","family":"Okoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Oluwaseyi","family":"Jemisenia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Olajide","family":"Olawepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonia","family":"Onyeka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Echezona Edozie","family":"Ezeanolue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"14029_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castle PE, Einstein MH, Sahasrabuddhe V V. Cervical cancer prevention and control in women living with human immunodeficiency virus. CA Cancer J Clin [Internet]. 2021 Nov 1;71(6):505\u201326. Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.3322\/caac.21696. cited 2024 Sep 24.","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21696"},{"issue":"3","key":"14029_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16030546","volume":"16","author":"A Omar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Omar A, Marques N, Crawford N. Cancer and HIV: the molecular mechanisms of the deadly duo. Cancers. 2024 Jan 26;16(3):546. Available from: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/16\/3\/546\/htm.","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"14029_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliver NT, Chiao EY. Malignancies in women with HIV infection. Curr Opin HIV AIDS [Internet]. 2017;12(1):69\u201376. Available from: https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/co-hivandaids\/fulltext\/2017\/01000\/malignancies_in_women_with_hiv_infection.12.aspx. cited 2024 Sep 24.","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000332"},{"key":"14029_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tapera O, Nyakabau AM. Limited knowledge and access to palliative care among women with cervical cancer: an opportunity for integrating oncology and palliative care in Zimbabwe. BMC Palliat Care [Internet]. 2020 Feb 13;19(1):1\u20139. Available from: https:\/\/bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12904-020-0523-5. cited 2024 Jan 28.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-020-0523-5"},{"key":"14029_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Idemili-Aronu N, Onyeka TC, Okenwa UJ, Jemisenia JO, Okoli IA, Olawepo JO, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and barriers: palliative care services for women with HIV in resource-limited settings. BMC Palliat Care [Internet]. 2024 Dec 1;23(1):1\u201313. Available from: https:\/\/bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12904-024-01558-5. cited 2024 Sep 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-024-01558-5"},{"key":"14029_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ajisegiri WS, Abubakar AA, Gobir AA, Balogun MS, Sabitu K. Palliative care for people living with HIV\/AIDS: Factors influencing healthcare workers\u2019 knowledge, attitude and practice in public health facilities, Abuja, Nigeria. PLoS One [Internet]. 2019 Dec 1;14(12):e0207499. Available from: https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0207499. cited 2024 Sep 24.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207499"},{"key":"14029_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poudel A, Kc B, Shrestha S, Nissen L. Access to palliative care: discrepancy among low-income and high-income countries. 2019;9(2):20309. Available from: https:\/\/www.jogh.org. cited 2024 Sep 24.","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.09.020309"},{"key":"14029_CR8","unstructured":"Peeler A, Afolabi O, Adcock M, Evans C, Nkhoma K, van Breevoort D, et al. Primary palliative care in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of the evidence for models and outcomes. Palliat Med [Internet]. 2024, May 1. https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02692163241248324. cited 2024 Sep 24]; Available from."},{"key":"14029_CR9","volume-title":"Challenges on the provision of palliative care for patients with cancer in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of reviews","author":"H Abu-Odah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abu-Odah H, Molassiotis A, Liu J. Challenges on the provision of palliative care for patients with cancer in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of reviews. Vol. 19. BMC Palliative Care. BioMed Central Ltd; 2020."},{"key":"14029_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ntizimira CR, Nkurikiyimfura JL, Mukeshimana O, Ngizwenayo S, Mukasahaha D, Clancy C. Palliative care in Africa: a global challenge. Ecancermedicalscience. 2014 Dec 11;8.","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2014.493"},{"key":"14029_CR11","unstructured":"Palliative care [Internet]. [https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/palliative-care. cited 2025 Apr 2]. Available from."},{"key":"14029_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abate Y, Solomon K, Azmera YM, de Fouw M, Kaba M. Barrier analysis for continuity of palliative care from health facility to household among adult cancer patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Palliat Care [Internet]. 2023 Dec 1;22(1):1\u20139. Available from: https:\/\/bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12904-023-01181-w. cited 2024 Sep 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-023-01181-w"},{"key":"14029_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Negasa EH, Human SP, Roro AG. Challenges in palliative care provision in Ethiopia: an exploratory qualitative study. J Pain Res [Internet]. 2023 Oct 5;16:3405\u201315. Available from: https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/challenges-in-palliative-care-provision-in-ethiopia-an-exploratory-qua-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JPR. cited 2024 Sep 24.","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S415866"},{"key":"14029_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G M, T T, T T, H EH. Palliative care practice and associated factors among nurses working in chronic care units of tertiary hospitals in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Nurs Res Rev [Internet]. 2024 Feb 1;14:45\u201358. Available from: https:\/\/doaj.org\/article\/0025dcb25efe400c939c68cac5810b36. cited 2024 Sep 24];Volume.","DOI":"10.2147\/NRR.S431644"},{"key":"14029_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agom D, Onyeka T, Iheanacho P, Ominyi J. Barriers to the provision and utilization of palliative care in Africa: a rapid Scoping review. Indian J Palliat Care [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1;27(1):3. Available from: https:\/\/www.pmc\/articles\/PMC8121217\/. cited 2024 Aug 27.","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPC.IJPC_355_20"},{"key":"14029_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walshe C, Dunleavy L, Preston N, Payne S, Ellershaw J, Taylor V, et al. Understanding barriers and facilitators to palliative and end-of-life care research: a mixed method study of generalist and specialist health, social care, and research professionals. BMC Palliat Care [Internet]. 2024 Dec 1;23(1):1\u201314. Available from: https:\/\/bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12904-024-01488-2. cited 2024 Jul 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-024-01488-2"},{"key":"14029_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okyere J, Kissah-Korsah K. Barriers to the integration of palliative care in Ghana: evidence from a tertiary health facility. [Internet]. 2023 Jun 14. https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/26323524231179980. cited 2024 Sep 24];17. Available from:.","DOI":"10.1177\/26323524231179980"},{"key":"14029_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ooko F, Mothiba T, Van Bogaert P, Wens J. Access to palliative care in patients with advanced cancer of the uterine cervix in the low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Palliat Care [Internet]. 2023 Dec 1;22(1). Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37726748\/. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-023-01263-9"},{"key":"14029_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiyange F, Atieno M, Luyirika EBK, Ali Z, Musau H, Thambo L, et al. Measuring palliative care integration in Malawi through service provision, access, and training indicators: the Waterloo coalition initiative. BMC Palliat Care [Internet]. 2024 Dec 1;23(1):1\u201311. Available from: https:\/\/bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12904-023-01331-0. cited 2024 Sep 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-023-01331-0"},{"key":"14029_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmad JN, Islam JY, Aboulafia DM. Supportive care for people living with HIV and Cancer in the United States. Int J Cancer Care Del [Internet]. 2024 Jan 6;4(1):2024. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53876\/001c.90914. cited 2024 Sep 24.","DOI":"10.53876\/001c.90914"},{"key":"14029_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krakauer EL, Ngoc NTM, Green K, Van Kham L, Khue LN. Vietnam: integrating palliative care into HIV\/AIDS and cancer care. J Pain Symptom Manage [Internet]. 2007 May;33(5):578\u201383. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17482051\/. cited 2024 Sep 24.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2007.02.004"},{"key":"14029_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hawley P. Barriers to access to palliative care. Palliat Care [Internet]. 2017 Feb 17 Available from https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28469439\/ cited 2024 Feb 1.","DOI":"10.1177\/1178224216688887"},{"key":"14029_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afolabi OA, Nkhoma K, Soyannwo O, Aje A, Ogunniyi A, Harding R, et al. Integrated primary palliative care in Nigeria- perspectives of patients, families and providers. J Pain Symptom Manage [Internet]. 2022 Oct 1;64(4):319\u201329. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35835429\/. cited 2024 Jan 28.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2022.06.019"},{"key":"14029_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rego F, Gon\u00e7alves F, Moutinho S, Castro L, Nunes R. The influence of spirituality on decision-making in palliative care outpatients: a cross-sectional study. BMC Palliat Care [Internet]. 2020 Feb 21;19(1):1\u201314. Available from: https:\/\/bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12904-020-0525-3. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-020-0525-3"},{"key":"14029_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laranjeira C, Dixe MA, Querido A. Perceived barriers to providing spiritual care in palliative care among professionals: a Portuguese cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Pub Heal, [Internet]. 2023 Jun 14;20(12):6121. Available from: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/12\/6121\/htm. cited 2024 Sep 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20126121"},{"key":"14029_CR26","unstructured":"Richardson P. Spirituality, religion and palliative care. Ann Palliat Med [Internet]. 2014 Jul;3(3):15059\u2013159. Available from: https:\/\/apm.amegroups.org\/article\/view\/4175\/html. cited 2024 Sep 25."},{"key":"14029_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knettel B, Corrigan K, Cherenack E, Ho N, Carr S, Cahill J, et al. HIV, cancer, and coping: the cumulative burden of a cancer diagnosis among people living with HIV. J Psychosoc Oncol [Internet]. 2021;39(6):734\u201348. Available from: https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/07347332.2020.1867691. cited 2024 Sep 25.","DOI":"10.1080\/07347332.2020.1867691"},{"key":"14029_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eschliman EL, Hoang D, Khoshnam N, Ye V, Kokaze H, Ji Y, et al. A \u201cwhat matters most\u201d approach to investigating intersectional stigma toward HIV and cancer in Hanoi, Vietnam. JNCI Monogr [Internet]. 2024 Jun 5;2024(63):11\u201319. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgae002. cited 2024 Sep 25.","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgae002"},{"key":"14029_CR29","unstructured":"Barnestein-Fonseca P, Nebro-Gil A, Aguiar-Leiva VP, V\u00edbora-Mart\u00edn E, Ruiz-Torreras I, Mart\u00edn-Rosello ML. Barriers and drivers of public engagement in palliative care, Scoping review. BMC Palliat Care [Internet]. 2024 Dec 1;23(1):1\u201317. Available from: https:\/\/bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12904-024-01424-4. cited 2024 Sep 25."},{"key":"14029_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2024.105165","volume":"149","author":"LM Vargas-Escobar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vargas-Escobar LM, Hern\u00e1ndez-Rinc\u00f3n EH, Le\u00f3n-Delgado MX, Mu\u00f1oz-Medina SE, Mantilla-Manoslava N, Correa-Morales JE, et al. Enhancing rural community engagement through palliative care networks: a scoping review. Health Policy (New York). 2024 Nov 1;149:105165.","journal-title":"Health Policy (new Y)"},{"key":"14029_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pesut B, Duggleby W, Warner G, Fassbender K, Antifeau E, Hooper B, et al. Volunteer navigation partnerships: piloting a compassionate community approach to early palliative care. BMC Palliat Care [Internet]. 2017 Jul 3;17(1):1\u201311. Available from: https:\/\/bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12904-017-0210-3. cited 2024 Sep 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-017-0210-3"},{"key":"14029_CR32","unstructured":"Health for the people: National community health worker programs from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe [Internet] cited 2024 Sep 26]. Available from https:\/\/chwcentral.org\/resources\/health-for-the-people%E2%80%8B-national-community-health-worker-programs-from-afghanistan-to-zimbabwe\/?__im-TXnhOtxI=13394592152177961114."},{"key":"14029_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jack BA, Kirton JA, Birakurataki J, Merriman A. The personal value of being a palliative care community volunteer worker in Uganda: a qualitative study. Palliat Med [Internet]. 2012 Jul;26(5):753\u201359. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21920988\/. cited 2024 Sep 25.","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216311413628"},{"key":"14029_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colvin CJ, Hodgins S, Perry HB. Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 8. Incentives and remuneration. Health Res Policy Syst [Internet]. 2021 Oct 1;19(3):1\u201325. Available from: https:\/\/health-policy-systems.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12961-021-00750-w. cited 2024 Sep 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-021-00750-w"},{"key":"14029_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradley N, Lloyd-Williams M, Dowrick C. Effectiveness of palliative care interventions offering social support to people with life-limiting illness-a systematic review. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) [Internet]. 2018 May 1;27(3):e12837. Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/ecc.12837. cited 2024 Sep 25.","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.12837"},{"key":"14029_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henriksson A, \u00c5restedt K, Ternestedt BM, Benzein E, Andershed B. Effects of a support group programme for patients with life-threatening illness during ongoing palliative care. 2012 May 4;27(3):257\u201364. [Internet]. cited 2024 Sep 25. Available from:https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0269216312446103.","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216312446103"},{"key":"14029_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradley N, Dowrick C, Lloyd-Williams M. Explaining how and why social support groups in hospice day services benefit palliative care patients, for whom, and in what circumstances. 2023 Dec 2. [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 25];17. Available from:https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/26323524231214549.","DOI":"10.1177\/26323524231214549"},{"issue":"5","key":"14029_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2016.12.022","volume":"100","author":"E Kozlov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kozlov E, Reid MC, Carpenter BD. Improving patient knowledge of palliative care: a randomized controlled intervention study. Patient Educ Couns. 2017 May 1;100(5):1007\u201311.","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"14029_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hesari E, Sabzi Z, Kolagari S. The effects of teaching methods of palliative care on life pattern of old women with chronic pain. Eur J Transl Myol [Internet]. 2019 Oct 29;29(4):313\u201319. Available from: https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/bam\/article\/view\/8472. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2019.8472"},{"key":"14029_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson SL, Ward C, Galanos A, Bowers M. Impact of a palliative care education module in patients with heart failure. Am J Hosp Palliat Care [Internet]. 2020 Dec 1;37(12):1016\u201321. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32270683\/. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909120918524"},{"issue":"2","key":"14029_CR41","first-page":"31","volume":"1","author":"H Habibolah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Habibolah H, Marzeyeh L, F R. The effect of palliative-care education on quality of life of women with breast cancer. Iran J Cancer Care. 2019 Jul 1;1(2):31\u201338.","journal-title":"Iran J Cancer Care"},{"key":"14029_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadang KG, Centracchio JA, Turk Y, Park E, Feliciano JL, Chua IS, et al. Clinician perceptions of barriers and facilitators for delivering early integrated palliative care via telehealth. Cancers. 2023]. 2023, [Internet]. Nov 9;15(22):5340. Available from: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/15\/22\/5340\/htm. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15225340"},{"key":"14029_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nwakasi C, Esiaka D, Staab T, Philip AA, Nweke C. HIV knowledge and information access among women cancer survivors in Nigeria. J Cancer Policy [Internet]. 2024 Mar 1. cited 2024 Sep 26];39. Available from https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37989454\/.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpo.2023.100456"},{"key":"14029_CR44","unstructured":"So A, Ga R, Sa O, Ao D. Pattern of breast cancer referral to palliative care and the complimentary role of a palliative care unit in a resource-limited country. Postgrad Med J Ghana. 2017;6(1)."},{"key":"14029_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nwabuko OC, Igbigbi EE, Chukwuonye N II, MA. Multiple myeloma in Niger Delta, Nigeria: complications and the outcome of palliative interventions. Cancer Manag Res [Internet]. 2017 May 22;9:189\u201396. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28579833\/. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S126136"},{"key":"14029_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doobay-Persaud A, Solchanyk D, Fleming O, Patel N, Drane D, Hauser J, et al. Palliative care challenges in Nigeria: a qualitative study of interprofessional perceptions. J Pain Symptom Manage [Internet]. 2023 Jan 1;65(1):e1\u20135. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36244641\/. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2022.10.002"},{"key":"14029_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uchendu C, Windle R, Blake H. Perceived facilitators and barriers to Nigerian nurses\u2019 engagement in health promoting behaviors: a socio-ecological Model approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Feb 1;17(4). Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32085607\/. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041314"},{"key":"14029_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogbenna A, Drane D, Crowe AN, Oyedele O, Hauser J, Soyannwo O, et al. Building the Nigerian palliative care workforce: an Interdisciplinary distance learning training program. Ann Glob Health [Internet]. 2022;88(1). Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36380743\/. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.3744"},{"key":"14029_CR49","unstructured":"Falade AG, Sogbesan AA, Bakare AA, Ayede AI, King C. Oxygen in health facilities 2017-2022. The national policy on medical. Available from https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/country\/nga\/. cited 2025 Jun 1."},{"key":"14029_CR50","unstructured":"Nigeria prevalence rate - NACA Nigeria [Internet]. Available from [https:\/\/naca.gov.ng\/nigeria-prevalence-rate\/. cited 2025 Jun 1."},{"key":"14029_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saunders B, Sim J, Kingstone T, Baker S, Waterfield J, Bartlam B, et al. Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Qual Quant [Internet]. 2018 Jul 1;52(4):1893\u2013907. Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11135-017-0574-8. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0574-8"},{"key":"14029_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114523","volume":"292","author":"M Hennink","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hennink M, Kaiser BN. Sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research: a systematic review of empirical tests. Soc Sci Med. 2022 Jan 1;292:114523.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"14029_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mwita K. Factors influencing data saturation in qualitative studies. Int J Res In Bus And Soc Sci. 2147- 4478). 2022 Jun 5;11(4):414\u201320.","DOI":"10.20525\/ijrbs.v11i4.1776"},{"key":"14029_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naeem M, Ozuem W, Howell K, Ranfagni S. Demystification and actualisation of data saturation in qualitative research through thematic analysis. Int J Qual Methods [Internet]. 2024 Jan 1. Available from https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/16094069241229777. cited 2024 Sep 26;23.","DOI":"10.1177\/16094069241229777"},{"key":"14029_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100174","volume":"6","author":"S Rahimi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rahimi S, M K. Saturation in qualitative research: an evolutionary concept analysis. Int J Nurs Stud Adv. 2024, Jun 1;6:100174.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud Adv"},{"key":"14029_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pahwa M, Cavanagh A, Vanstone M. Key informants in Applied qualitative health research. Qual Health Res [Internet]. 2023 Dec 1;33(14):1251\u201361. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37902082\/. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.1177\/10497323231198796"},{"key":"14029_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rutledge PB, Hogg JLC. In-depth interviews. The International encyclopedia of Media psychology [internet]. 2020 Sep 9. Available from https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/9781119011071.iemp0019. cited 2024 Sep 26;1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119011071.iemp0019"},{"key":"14029_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elo S, K\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4inen M, Kanste O, P\u00f6lkki T, Utriainen K, Kyng\u00e4s H. Qualitative content analysis. 2014 Feb 11;4(1):215824401452263. [Internet]. cited 2024 Sep 26. Available from:https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/2158244014522633.","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244014522633"},{"key":"14029_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forero R, Nahidi S, De Costa J, Mohsin M, Fitzgerald G, Gibson N, et al. Application of four-dimension criteria to assess rigour of qualitative research in emergency medicine. BMC Health Serv Res [Internet]. 2018 Feb 17;18(1). Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29454350\/. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-2915-2"},{"key":"14029_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Renjith V, Yesodharan R, Noronha J, Ladd E, George A. Qualitative Methods in health care research. Int J Prev Med [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1;12(1). Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34084317\/. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_321_19"},{"key":"14029_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson JL, Adkins D, Chauvin S. A review of the quality indicators of rigor in qualitative research. Am J Pharm Educ [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1;84(1):138\u201346. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32292186\/. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.5688\/ajpe7120"},{"key":"14029_CR62","unstructured":"Naturalistic Inquiry | SAGE Publications Inc [Internet]. Available from [https:\/\/us.sagepub.com\/en-us\/nam\/naturalistic-inquiry\/book842. cited 2024 Sep 26]."},{"issue":"2","key":"14029_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77\u2013101.","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"14029_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Toward good practice in thematic analysis: avoiding common problems and be(com)ing a knowing researcher. Int J Transgend Health [Internet]. 2023;24(1):1\u20136. Available from: https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/26895269.2022.2129597. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2022.2129597"},{"key":"14029_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Concannon TW, Fuster M, Saunders T, Patel K, Wong JB, Leslie LK, et al. A systematic review of stakeholder engagement in comparative effectiveness and patient-centered outcomes research. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 2014 Dec 1;29(12):1692\u2013701. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24893581\/. cited 2025 Jun 1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-2878-x"},{"key":"14029_CR66","unstructured":"MQQuinn P. Qualitative research & evaluation Methods. 2023."},{"key":"14029_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zamawe FC. The implication of using NVivo Software in qualitative data analysis: evidence-based reflections. Malawi Med J [Internet]. 2015;27(1):13\u201315. Available from: https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/mmj\/article\/view\/116229. cited 2024 Sep 26.","DOI":"10.4314\/mmj.v27i1.4"},{"key":"14029_CR68","unstructured":"Asogwa US, Maiyekogbon HI, Agada-Mba MO, Jemisenia OJ. Can the digital Software method outperform the manual method in qualitative data analysis? Findings from a quasi-experimental research. Ianna J Interdiscip Stud [Internet]. 2024 Aug 21;6(3):54\u201364. Available from: https:\/\/iannajournalofinterdisciplinarystudies.com\/index.php\/1\/article\/view\/331. cited 2024 Sep 26."},{"key":"14029_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dixe M A, de O SID, Lopes S, Catarino H, Duarte S, Querido A, et al. Knowledge and myths about palliative care among the general public and health care professionals in Portugal. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Jun 27;17(13):4630. Available from: https:\/\/scispace.com\/papers\/knowledge-and-myths-about-palliative-care-among-the-general-4ncz3aqt0j. cited 2025 Mar 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134630"},{"key":"14029_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Low JTS, Payne S. The good and bad death perceptions of health professionals working in palliative care. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) [Internet]. 1996 Dec 1;5(4):237\u201341. Available from: https:\/\/scispace.com\/papers\/the-good-and-bad-death-perceptions-of-health-professionals-34kdgwber1. cited 2025 Mar 30.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2354.1996.tb00241.x"},{"key":"14029_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bidmead E, Hayes L, Leggott E, Wildman J, Rankin J, Bramhall L, et al. Poverty proofing healthcare: a qualitative study of barriers to accessing healthcare for low income families with children in Northern England. medRxiv [Internet]. 2023 Oct 6. https:\/\/scispace.com\/papers\/poverty-proofing-healthcare-a-qualitative-study-of-barriers-3w8tamn0yl. cited 2025 Mar 30]; Available from.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.10.04.23296541"},{"key":"14029_CR72","unstructured":"Golestani R. Access barriers to healthcare services by young women in rural areas: a qualitative study in Australia, Canada, and Sweden. 2023 Jul 18. Available from https:\/\/scispace.com\/papers\/access-barriers-to-healthcare-services-by-young-women-in-5a0lp22kd2. cited 2025 Mar 30."},{"key":"14029_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson M. British medical bulletin article: resourcing of palliative and end of life care in the UK during the covid-19 pandemic. Br Med Bull [Internet]. 2022 Mar 1;142(1):44\u201351. Available from: https:\/\/scispace.com\/papers\/british-medical-bulletin-article-resourcing-of-palliative-tdhinouu. cited 2025 Mar 30.","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldac013"},{"key":"14029_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coghlan R, Smith J, Alser O. Morphine for gaza? Limits of care during genocidal violence. Lancet [Internet]. 2024 Jan 1;403(10424):350\u201351. Available from: https:\/\/scispace.com\/papers\/morphine-for-gaza-limits-of-care-during-genocidal-violence-4lfivk4k1v. cited 2025 Mar 30.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00014-X"},{"key":"14029_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang J, Qi Z, Jiang S, Li L, Sun Q. The impact of palliative care education and training program on the resident physicians. Ann Palliat Med [Internet]. 2021;10(3):2758765\u20132752765. Available from: https:\/\/apm.amegroups.org\/article\/view\/62387\/html. cited 2025 Mar 30.","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-20-1625"},{"key":"14029_CR76","unstructured":"Barnestein-Fonseca P, Nebro-Gil A, Aguiar-Leiva VP, V\u00edbora-Mart\u00edn E, Ruiz-Torreras I, Mart\u00edn-Rosello ML. Barriers and drivers of public engagement in palliative care, Scoping review. BMC Palliat Care [Internet]. 2024 Dec 1;23(1):117. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11075334\/. cited 2025 Mar 30."},{"issue":"1","key":"14029_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.0883","volume":"37","author":"R Gidwani-Marszowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gidwani-Marszowski R, Needleman J, Mor V, Faricy-Anderson K, Boothroyd DB, Hsin G, et al. Quality of end-of-life care is higher in the VA compared to care paid for by traditional Medicare. Health Aff. 2018, Jan, 1;37(1):95\u2013103.","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"14029_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borgstrom E, Cohn S, Driessen A, Martin J, Yardley S. Multidisciplinary team meetings in palliative care: an ethnographic study. BMJ support palliat care [Internet]. 2024 May 1. Available from https:\/\/spcare.bmj.com\/content\/14\/e1\/e448. cited 2025 Mar 30];14(): e1e448\u201351.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2021-003267"},{"key":"14029_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clayton JM, Butow PN, Arnold RM, Tattersall MHN. Discussing end-of-life issues with terminally ill cancer patients and their carers: a qualitative study. Support Care Cancer [Internet]. 2005 Aug 12;13(8):589\u201399. Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00520-004-0759-2. cited 2025 Mar 30.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-004-0759-2"},{"key":"14029_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tedder T, Elliott L, Lewis K. Analysis of common barriers to rural patients utilizing hospice and palliative care services: an integrated literature review. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract [Internet]. 2017 Jun 1;29(6):356\u201362. Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/2327-6924.12475. cited 2025 Mar 30.","DOI":"10.1002\/2327-6924.12475"}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14029-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14029-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14029-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T19:14:12Z","timestamp":1770837252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14029-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["14029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14029-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for this research was obtained from the Nigerian National Health Research Committee (NHREC\/01\/01\/2007\u201318\/03\/2024). Informed consent was obtained from the participants before the commencement of qualitative data collection.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"223"}}