{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T03:15:52Z","timestamp":1783394152286,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-026-14587-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T15:45:07Z","timestamp":1778514307000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Healthcare providers\u2019 perceptions of fibromyalgia management in Kuwait: a descriptive comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3069-3756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feddah Musaed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Al Mutairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Methawi","family":"Al Fadhli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"14587_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rhu.0000260494.29921.9e","volume":"13","author":"A Arshad","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arshad A, Ooi KK. Awareness and perceptions of fibromyalgia syndrome: a Survey of southeast Asian rheumatologists. JCR: J Clin Rheumatol. 2007;13(2):59\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.rhu.0000260494.29921.9e.","journal-title":"JCR: J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"21","key":"14587_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7877","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217877","volume":"21","author":"ME Maffei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maffei ME. Fibromyalgia: recent advances in diagnosis, classification, pharmacotherapy and alternative remedies. IJMS. 2020;21(21):7877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21217877.","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"issue":"15","key":"14587_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3266","volume":"311","author":"DJ Clauw","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clauw DJ. Fibromyalgia: a clinical review. JAMA. 2014;311(15):1547\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2014.3266.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12545","key":"14587_CR4","first-page":"155885","volume":"311","author":"DJ Clauw","year":"2018","unstructured":".","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"14587_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4078\/jrd.2022.29.1.4","volume":"29","author":"JH KangWolfe","year":"2022","unstructured":"KangWolfe JH, Choi SE, Park DJ, Lee SS. Disentangling diagnosis and management of fibromyalgia. J Rheum Dis. 2022;29(1):4\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4078\/jrd.2022.29.1.4.","journal-title":"J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"14587_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012","volume":"46","author":"F Wolfe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, Goldenberg DL, H\u00e4user W, Katz RL, et al. 2016 revisions to the 2010\/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria. Semin Arthritis Rheumatism. 2016;46(3):319\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheumatism"},{"key":"14587_CR7","unstructured":"Henriksson CM, Liedberg GM, Gerdle B. Women with fibromyalgia: Work and rehabilitation. Work. 2016;55(2):275\u201384."},{"issue":"2","key":"14587_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209724","volume":"76","author":"GJ Macfarlane","year":"2017","unstructured":"Macfarlane GJ, Kronisch C, Dean LE, Atzeni F, H\u00e4user W, Flu\u00df E, et al. EULAR revised recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia. Ann Rheumatic Dis. 2017;76(2):318\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209724.","journal-title":"Ann Rheumatic Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"14587_CR9","first-page":"490","volume":"47","author":"A Palstam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Palstam A, Bjersing JL, & Mannerkorpi K. The impact of fibromyalgia on daily life: a study of women in Sweden. Scand J Rheumatol. 2018;47(6):490\u201397.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"14587_CR10","first-page":"275","volume":"55","author":"CM Henriksson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Henriksson CM, Liedberg GM, Gerdle B. Women with fibromyalgia: work and rehabilitation. Work. 2016;55(2):275\u201384.","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"14587_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.37284\/ijar.3.1.281","volume":"3","author":"J Rwothumio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rwothumio J, Okaka W, Kambaza S, Kyomukama E. Influence of performance appraisal in determining academic staff performance in public universities in Uganda. Int J Adv Res. 2021;3(1):20\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37284\/ijar.3.1.281.","journal-title":"Int J Adv Res"},{"key":"14587_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu JS, Kim ES, Park KS, Lee YJ, Park Y C, Nam D, et al. Trends in the treatment of fibromyalgia in South Korea between 2011 and 2018: a retrospective analysis of cross-sectional health insurance data. BMJ Open. 2023;13(12):e071735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-071735.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-071735"},{"issue":"2","key":"14587_CR13","first-page":"169","volume":"27","author":"AW Al-Allaf","year":"2007","unstructured":"Al-Allaf AW. Clinical features of fibromyalgia syndrome in Gulf countries. Rheumatol Int. 2007;27(2):169\u201374.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"14587_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2019.1637180","volume":"40","author":"LF Crump","year":"2019","unstructured":"Crump LF. Commentary. Health Care (Don Mills) Women Int. 2019;40(5):631\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07399332.2019.1637180.","journal-title":"Health Care (Don Mills) Women Int"},{"key":"14587_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Albassam A, Almohammed H, Alhujaili M, Koshy S, Awad A. Perspectives of primary care physicians and pharmacists on interprofessional collaboration in Kuwait: a quantitative study. PLoS One. 2020;15(7):e0236114. Published Jul 20 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0236114.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236114"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"14587_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/1833358319837247","volume":"49","author":"D Alhuwail","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alhuwail D. Understanding health information management practices in public hospitals in Kuwait. Him J. 2020;49(2\u20133):127\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1833358319837247.","journal-title":"Him J"},{"key":"14587_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k851","volume":"21","author":"C Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang C, Schmid CH, Fielding RA, Harvey WF, Reid KF, Price LL, et al. Effect of tai chi versus aerobic exercise for fibromyalgia: comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial. BMJ. 2018;21:360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.k851.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"14587_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo FM, DeSantana JM. Physical therapy modalities for treating fibromyalgia. F1000Research 2019, 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.17176.1.","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.17176.1"},{"key":"14587_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Williams A, Eccleston C, Morley S. Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults. Cochrane Database Systematic Rev. 2012;11(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007407.pub3.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007407.pub3"},{"key":"14587_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haugmark T, Hagen KB, Provan SA, Smedslund G, Zangi H. Effects of a mindfulness-based and acceptance-based group programme followed by physical activity for patients with fibromyalgia: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2021;11(6):e046943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046943.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046943"},{"issue":"8","key":"14587_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3891","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22083891","volume":"22","author":"R Siracusa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Siracusa R, Paola RD, Cuzzocrea S, Impellizzeri D. Fibromyalgia: pathogenesis, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment options update. IJMS. 2021;22(8):3891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22083891.","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"issue":"1","key":"14587_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11010148","volume":"11","author":"P Catal\u00e1","year":"2023","unstructured":"Catal\u00e1 P, Guti\u00e9rrez L, \u00c9cija C, Pe\u00f1acoba C. Pathological cycle between pain, insomnia, and anxiety in women with fibromyalgia and its association with disease impact. Biomedicines. 2023;11(1):148\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11010148.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"14587_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.21.06432-7","volume":"58","author":"AN Ll\u00e0dser","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ll\u00e0dser AN, Montes\u00f3-Curto P, L\u00f3pez C, Rossell\u00f3 L, Lear S, Toussaint L, et al. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation treatments for patients with fibromyalgia: a systematic review. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2022;58(1):76\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S1973-9087.21.06432-7.","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"14587_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1672","volume":"20","author":"S McIlroy","year":"2022","unstructured":"McIlroy S, Vaughan B, Crowe H, Bearne L. The experiences and acceptability of a novel multimodal programme for the management of fibromyalgia: a qualitative service evaluation. Musculoskeletal Care. 2022;20(3):686\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/msc.1672.","journal-title":"Musculoskeletal Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"14587_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1509","volume":"19","author":"J Pearson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pearson J, Coggins J, Lenguerrand E, Derham S, Russell J, Walsh NE, et al. A feasibility randomised controlled trial of a fibromyalgia self-management programme in a community setting with a nested qualitative study (FALCON): study protocol. Musculoskeletal Care. 2021;19(1):59\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/msc.1509.","journal-title":"Musculoskeletal Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"14587_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0738","volume":"86","author":"LM Arnold","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arnold LM, Clauw DJ, McCarberg BH. Improving the recognition and diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Mayo Clinic Proc. 2011;86(5):457\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/mcp.2010.0738.","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proc"},{"key":"14587_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rahman A, Underwood M, Carnes CD. Fibromyalgia. BMJ. 2014;348(feb24 5):g1224\u20131224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.g1224.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1224"},{"issue":"2","key":"14587_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330203","volume":"33","author":"F Wolfe","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus M, Bennett RM, Bombardier C, Goldenberg DL, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheumatism. 1990;33(2):160\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780330203.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatism"},{"issue":"1","key":"14587_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2008.06.005","volume":"73","author":"LM Arnold","year":"2008","unstructured":"Arnold LM, Crofford LJ, Mease PJ, Burgess SM, Palmer SC, Abetz L, et al. Patient perspectives on the impact of fibromyalgia. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;73(1):114\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pec.2008.06.005.","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"issue":"6","key":"14587_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4395","volume":"15","author":"A Vincent","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vincent A, Benzo RP, Whipple MO, McAllister SJ, Erwin PJ, Saligan LN. Beyond pain in fibromyalgia: insights into the symptom of fatigue. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013;15(6):221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar4395.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"14587_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-216","volume":"11","author":"L Humphrey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Humphrey L, Arbuckle R, Mease P, Williams DA, Samsoe BD, Gilbert C. Fatigue in fibromyalgia: a conceptual model informed by patient interviews. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010;11(1):216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-11-216.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"14587_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2017.06.008","volume":"149","author":"A Cabo-Meseguer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cabo-Meseguer A, Cerd\u00e1-Olmedo G, Trillo-Mata JL. Fibromialgia: prevalencia, perfiles epidemiol\u00f3gicos y costes econ\u00f3micos. Medicina Cl\u00ednica. 2017;149(10):441\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medcli.2017.06.008.","journal-title":"Medicina Cl\u00ednica"},{"issue":"9","key":"14587_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-017-3725-2","volume":"37","author":"F Heidari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heidari F, Afshari M, Moosazadeh M. Prevalence of fibromyalgia in general population and patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int. 2017;37(9):1527\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-017-3725-2.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"14587_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1053\/jpmn.2000.9761","volume":"1","author":"KE Lasch","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lasch KE. Culture, pain, and culturally sensitive pain care. Pain Manag Nurs. 2000;1(3):16\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/jpmn.2000.9761.","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"14587_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.12.7","volume":"2","author":"C Campbell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Campbell C, Edwards R. Ethnic differences in pain and pain management. Pain Manage. 2012;2(3):219\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/pmt.12.7.","journal-title":"Pain Manage"},{"key":"14587_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Perrot S, Choy E, Petersel D, Ginovker A, Kramer E. Survey of physician experiences and perceptions about the diagnosis and treatment of fibromyalgia. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6963-12-356.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-356"},{"issue":"1","key":"14587_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08324-4","volume":"22","author":"N Wilson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wilson N, Beasley MJ, Pope C, Dulake D, Moir LJ, Hollick RJ, et al. UK healthcare services for people with fibromyalgia: results from two web-based national surveys (the PACFiND study). BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22(1):989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-022-08324-4.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"14587_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ram PR, Jeyaraman M, Jeyaraman N, Nallakumarasamy A, Khanna M, Gupta A, et al. Beyond the pain: a systematic narrative review of the latest advancements in fibromyalgia treatment. Cureus. 2023;15(10):e48032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.48032.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.48032"},{"key":"14587_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antunes MD, Marques AP. The role of physiotherapy in fibromyalgia: Current and future perspectives. Frontiers in physiology. 2022;13:968292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.968292.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.968292"},{"issue":"5","key":"14587_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000679","volume":"24","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haugmark T, Hagen KB, Provan SA, B\u00e6rheim E, Zangi H. Effects of a community-based multicomponent rehabilitation programme for patients with fibromyalgia: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2018;8:e021004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-021004.","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"14587_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-198611000-00017","volume":"35","author":"MR Lynn","year":"1986","unstructured":"Yu JS, Kim ES, Park KS, Lee Y J, Park Y C, Nam D, et al. Trends in the treatment of fibromyalgia in South Korea between 2011 and 2018: a retrospective analysis of cross-sectional health insurance data. BMJ Open. 2023;13:e071735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-071735.","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"14587_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20147","volume":"29","author":"DF Polit","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haugmark T, Hagen KB, Provan SA, Smedslund G, Zangi, H.Effects of a mindfulness-based and acceptance-based group programme followed by physical activity for patients with fibromyalgia: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2021;11:e046943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046943.","journal-title":"ResearchNurs Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"14587_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2023.10857","volume":"69","author":"M Zure","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zure M, Menekseoglu AK, Ketenci A. Validation of the turkish chronic pain acceptance questionnaire-8. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil. 2023;69(2):191\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5606\/tftrd.2023.10857.","journal-title":"Turk J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"14587_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lynn MR. Determination and quantification of content validity. Nurs Res. 1986;35(6):382\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006199-198611000-00017.","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-198611000-00017"},{"key":"14587_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Polit DF, Beck CT. The content validity index: are you sure you know what\u2019s being reported? Critique and recommendations. Res Nurs Health. 2006;29(5):489\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nur.20147.","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20147"}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14587-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14587-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14587-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T02:50:00Z","timestamp":1783392600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14587-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["14587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14587-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Health Science Centre Ethical Committee at Kuwait University has obtained prior review and ethical approval for the research. The reference number for the study is VDR\/EC-389. Within the research study, a written informed consent to participate was obtained with a link and statement before the survey. General demographic details were obtained from participants. The Consent form is attached in English and Arabic. Consent is available from the corresponding author upon request.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants were informed about the purpose of the study. Participants received written information about the study and provided informed consent prior to participation, in accordance with guidelines\/regulations in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for participation"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"921"}}