{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T22:53:33Z","timestamp":1782168813591,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":50,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025469","name":"Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["009\/2566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["009\/2566"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025469","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) is essential for early identification of congenital hearing loss to decrease the adverse effects of a child\u2019s speech and language development. Since 2021, Thailand has enforced newborn hearing screening, followed by the national health policy of the Ministry of Public Health. In order to meet this objective, the quality of these programs should be monitored using internationally recognized benchmarks. This study aimed to analyze the UNHS outcomes according to the national health policy and standard benchmarks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted at Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, a tertiary care hospital, from December 2021 to November 2022. All newborns delivered in a one-year period who underwent hearing screening were recruited. The coverage rate, rates of diagnostic hearing evaluation, and hearing rehabilitation were analyzed and compared between the well-baby newborns (WBN) and high-risk newborns (HRN).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 4,216 newborns delivered, 3,363 (79.8%) were WBN, and 853 (20.2%) were HRN. The screening coverage rates before 1 month of age were 94.6% and 72.2%, and referral rates were 34.7% and 34.1% for WBN and HRN, respectively, showing significant differences. The follow-up return rates were 51.9% and 45.7%, audiological diagnosis within 3 months of age were 11.8% and 10.5%, considering diagnosis within 6 months of age were 52.7% and 42.1% for WBN and HRN, respectively, showing without significant differences. Eight children were diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss, three from the WBN group and five from the HRN group. One child, in the high-risk group, received bilateral hearing aids and speech therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UNHS serves as a critical initial measure for the early identification of hearing loss, paving the way for timely interventions. Despite the preliminary indicators not meeting the standard benchmarks, there is a clear necessity for systematically developing implementation protocols to enhance the program\u2019s efficacy. The national health policy in Thailand should persist in its efforts, including providing resources such as manpower, money, and materials (3M\u2019s), to ensure the program\u2019s success.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-026-14654-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:32:04Z","timestamp":1777879924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Universal newborn hearing screening outcomes based on national health policy in Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Krittipong","family":"Parangrit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanokwan","family":"Kulprachakarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suwicha Kaewsiri","family":"Isaradisaikul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutatip","family":"Sillabutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"14654_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.20489\/intjecse.670470","volume":"11","author":"Z Turan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Turan Z, Ba\u015f N. Evaluation of the effectiveness of newborn hearing screening program: A center in Turkey. Int j early child spec. 2019;11(2):141\u201353.","journal-title":"Int j early child spec"},{"key":"14654_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colella-Santos MF, Hein TA, de Souza GL, do, Amaral MI, Casali RL. Newborn hearing screening and early diagnostic in the NICU. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:845308.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/845308"},{"issue":"2","key":"14654_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-012-0553-2","volume":"65","author":"G Mishra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mishra G, Sharma Y, Mehta K, Patel G. Efficacy of Distortion Product Oto-Acoustic Emission (OAE)\/Auditory Brainstem Evoked Response (ABR) Protocols in Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening and Detecting Hearing Loss in Children\u2009<\u20092 Years of Age. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;65(2):105\u201310.","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"14654_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2009.12.009","volume":"34","author":"KR White","year":"2010","unstructured":"White KR, Forsman I, Eichwald J, Munoz K. The evolution of early hearing detection and intervention programs in the United States. Semin Perinatol. 2010;34(2):170\u20139.","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"14654_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2333","volume":"120","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics JCIH","year":"2007","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics JCIH. Year 2007 position statement: Principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. Pediatrics. 2007;120(4):898\u2013921.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"14654_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics JCIH","year":"2019","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics JCIH. Year 2019 position statement: Principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. Pediatric. 2019;4(2):1\u201344.","journal-title":"Pediatric"},{"issue":"1","key":"14654_CR7","first-page":"e1","volume":"68","author":"JK Bezuidenhout","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bezuidenhout JK, Khoza-Shangase K, De Maayer T, Strehlau R. Outcomes of newborn hearing screening at an academic secondary level hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. S Afr J Commun Disord. 2021;68(1):e1\u20138.","journal-title":"S Afr J Commun Disord"},{"key":"14654_CR8","first-page":"39","volume":"65","author":"P Thongsrinuch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thongsrinuch P, Junthong S. Prevalence of early hearing detection and intervention newborn in Vajira hospital. Vajira Med J. 2021;65:39\u201352.","journal-title":"Vajira Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"14654_CR9","first-page":"25","volume":"45","author":"T Chouyboonchum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chouyboonchum T, Chamchoi P, Chaikhamrongkul T, Isarangura S, Tiravanitchakul R. Universal Newborn Hearing Screening and Incidence of Hearing Loss in Ramathibodi Hospital: A 5 Years Experience (2014 to 2018). RMJ. 2022;45(4):25\u201334.","journal-title":"RMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"14654_CR10","first-page":"551","volume":"40","author":"W Khaimook","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khaimook W, Suwanno R, Dindamrongkul R, Intusoma U. An Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Program in Songklanagarind Hospital. J Health Sci Med Res. 2022;40(5):551\u20139.","journal-title":"J Health Sci Med Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"14654_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3390\/ijns6030050","volume":"6","author":"AA Alanazi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alanazi AA. Referral and Lost to System Rates of Two Newborn Hearing Screening Programs in Saudi Arabia. Int J Neonatal Screen. 2020;6(3):50.","journal-title":"Int J Neonatal Screen"},{"issue":"3","key":"14654_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0152028","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152028","volume":"11","author":"PC Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li PC, Chen WI, Huang CM, Liu CJ, Chang HW, Lin HC. Comparison of Newborn Hearing Screening in Well-Baby Nursery and NICU: A Study Applied to Reduce Referral Rate in NICU. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(3):e0152028.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"14654_CR13","first-page":"263","volume":"5","author":"I Fukunaga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fukunaga I, Kobayashi T, Hirose K. Screening Newborns for Hearing Loss under Full Public Funding, Kochi, Japan -Differences in the Screening Results between Premature Neonates and Healthy Newborns. JMA J. 2022;5(2):263\u20137.","journal-title":"JMA J"},{"key":"14654_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.05.004","volume":"123","author":"A Ciorba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ciorba A, Hatzopoulos S, Corazzi V, Cogliandolo C, Aimoni C, Bianchini C, et al. Newborn hearing screening at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Auditory Brainstem Maturation in preterm infants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;123:110\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"14654_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3813","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02628-3","volume":"74","author":"K Upadhyay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Upadhyay K, Gupta V, Singh S, Bhatia R, Lohith BR, Reddy NM, et al. Outcome of Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening Programme at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Prospective Study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022;74(Suppl 3):3813\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"14654_CR16","unstructured":"Yimtae K, Potaporn M, Kaewsiri S. The committee of newborn hearing screening guidelines of Thailand. 1st ed. Bangkok: Off-set; 2019 Apr."},{"issue":"1","key":"14654_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531150","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2025.2531150","volume":"38","author":"K Parangrit","year":"2025","unstructured":"Parangrit K, Sillabutra J, Isaradisaikul SK, Kulprachakarn K. Comparative study of the efficacy between new and routine newborn hearing screening protocols in public hospital, Thailand. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2025;38(1):2531150.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"14654_CR18","first-page":"e19807","volume":"13","author":"P Kosmidou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kosmidou P, Tzifas S, Lygeros S, Danielides G, Nikolopoulos T, Dimitriou G, et al. Newborn Hearing Screening: Analysing the Effectiveness of Early Detection of Neonatal Hearing Loss in a Hospital in Greece. Cureus. 2021;13(11):e19807.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"14654_CR19","first-page":"60","volume":"47","author":"A Abdullah","year":"2006","unstructured":"Abdullah A, Hazim MY, Almyzan A, Jamilah AG, Roslin S, Ann MT, et al. Newborn hearing screening: experience in a Malaysian hospital. Singap Med J. 2006;47(1):60\u20134.","journal-title":"Singap Med J"},{"issue":"12","key":"14654_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300060521106244","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211062448","volume":"49","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Cheng C, Li C. Newborn hearing loss in the south of China: a cross-sectional study. J Int Med Res. 2021;49(12):3000605211062448.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"14654_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.01.015","volume":"76","author":"N Friderichs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Friderichs N, Swanepoel D, Hall JW 3. Efficacy of a community-based infant hearing screening program utilizing existing clinic personnel in Western Cape, South Africa. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;76(4):552\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"14654_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584-019-0296-6","volume":"8","author":"J Wasser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wasser J, Ari-Even Roth D, Herzberg O, Lerner-Geva L, Rubin L. Assessing and monitoring the impact of the national newborn hearing screening program in Israel. Isr J Health Policy Res. 2019;8(1):30.","journal-title":"Isr J Health Policy Res"},{"key":"14654_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Luca LM, Malesci R, Gallus R, Melis A, Palmas S, Degni E, et al. Audiological risk factors, referral rates and dropouts: 9 years of universal newborn hearing screening in North Sardinia. Child (Basel). 2022;9(9).","DOI":"10.3390\/children9091362"},{"issue":"1","key":"14654_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-022-03218-0","volume":"22","author":"AR Mackey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mackey AR, Busse AML, Del Vecchio V, Maki-Torkko E, Uhlen IM. Protocol and programme factors associated with referral and loss to follow-up from newborn hearing screening: a systematic review. BMC Pediatr. 2022;22(1):473.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"14654_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-1080-y","volume":"267","author":"H Salina","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salina H, Abdullah A, Mukari SZ, Azmi MT. Effects of background noise on recording of portable transient-evoked otoacoustic emission in newborn hearing screening. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267(4):495\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"14654_CR26","unstructured":"Parangrit K. Factors affecting newborn hearing screening follow-up at Otolaryngology department,Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital. CMJ. 2022;14(3)."}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14654-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14654-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14654-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T22:23:56Z","timestamp":1782167036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14654-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["14654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14654-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was granted by the Ethical Review Committee for Human Research at Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, under protocol number EC CRH 009\/66 In. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Participant\u2019s consent was waived due to the retrospective study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"866"}}