{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T01:05:43Z","timestamp":1783904743227,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":58,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To discuss the direct economic burden of Healthcare-associated Infection (HAI) in a hospital in Chengdu.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients enrolled in the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) comprehensive evaluation and management system between January 1 and December 31, 2023, were categorized into two groups: those with a Healthcare-associated Infection (HAI) and those without. A 1:1 case matching was performed based on DRG classification, sex, and age (\u00b1\u20095 years). Differences in direct medical costs and length of stay (LOS) between the two groups were compared, followed by a subgroup analysis of infection-related economic burden across diagnostic categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The HAI incidence rate was 0.92%, and the HAI rate per 1,000 patient days was 1.23\u2030 in 2023. 726 pairs of HAI cases and non-HAI cases were successfully matched. The direct cost of the HAI group was CNY 16,251.63(13244.10\u2009~\u200919259.16) higher than the non-HAI group (1.91 times higher,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The length of hospital stay in the HAI group was 10(8.58\u2009~\u200911.42) days longer (1.71 times higher,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with significant cost increases in treatment fees and Western medicine (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Among all Major Diagnostic Categories (MDCs), the infection and parasitic diseases group incurred the largest economic burden. For HAI patients with sepsis or severe sepsis requiring\u2009\u2265\u200996\u00a0h of mechanical ventilation, the total cost was CNY 80,162.31(27439.11\u2009~\u2009132885.51) higher than non-HAI patients (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003), and hospitalization duration increased by 17.5(5.99\u2009~\u200929.01) days (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, implementing scientifically classified DRGs in HAI management provides a strategic framework for advancing precision-oriented healthcare administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-026-14732-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T06:05:16Z","timestamp":1778911516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study of the direct medical economic burden of patients with healthcare-associated infection based on DRGs matching"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yujing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2475-9466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhan","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"14732_CR1","unstructured":"China\u2019s National Healthcare Security Administration. How does the reform of medical insurance payment methods affect healthcare access? 2024 Apr 10. https:\/\/www.nhsa.gov.cn\/art\/2024\/4\/10\/art_14_12344.html."},{"key":"14732_CR2","unstructured":"The Central People\u2019s Government of the People\u2019s Republic of China. General Office of the State Council. Notice on issuing the 14th five-year plan national healthcare security plan. 2021 Sept 29. https:\/\/www.gov.cn\/zhengce\/cont-ent\/2021-09\/29\/content_5639967.htm."},{"key":"14732_CR3","unstructured":"China\u2019s National Healthcare Security Administration. Technical specifications for diagnosis related grouping and payment under China\u2019s healthcare security system (CHS-DRG). 2019 Oct 16. https:\/\/www.gov.cn\/zhengce\/zhengceku\/2019-11\/18\/content_5562261.htm."},{"key":"14732_CR4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global report on infection prevention and control: executive summary. 2021 May 28. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/354553."},{"key":"14732_CR5","unstructured":"National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Notice on issuing diagnostic criteria for nosocomial infection (Trial). 2001 Nov 07. Available from: https:\/\/www.nhc.gov.cn\/wjw\/gfxwj\/200111\/5d9cffd69efa495f9b340da3a50c7818.shtml."},{"key":"14732_CR6","unstructured":"China\u2019s National Healthcare Security Administration. Notice on issuing the three-year action plan for DRG\/DIP payment method reform. 2021 Nov 19. https:\/\/www.gov.cn\/zhengce\/zhengceku\/2021-11\/28\/content_5653858.htm."},{"key":"14732_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S269315","volume":"13","author":"M Haque","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haque M, et al. Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Narrative Overview. 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