{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T03:30:22Z","timestamp":1786591822685,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":68,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-026-14908-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T10:42:12Z","timestamp":1780742532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of factors influencing hospitalization costs for ureteral surgery based on a DRG profit-and-loss perspective: a multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Huiyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenju","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijiao","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2 Suppl:iii","key":"14908_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"18","author":"RB Fetter","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fetter RB, Shin Y, Freeman JL, Averill RF, Thompson JD. Case mix definition by diagnosis-related groups. Med Care. 1980;18(2 Suppl:iii):1\u201353.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"14908_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f3197","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f3197","volume":"346","author":"R Busse","year":"2013","unstructured":"Busse R, Geissler A, Aaviksoo A, Cots F, H\u00e4kkinen U, Kobel C, et al. Diagnosis related groups in Europe: moving towards transparency, efficiency, and quality in hospitals? BMJ. 2013;346:f3197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.f3197.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"14908_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.07.001","volume":"14","author":"D Scheller-Kreinsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scheller-Kreinsen D, Quentin W, Busse R. DRG-based hospital payment systems and technological innovation in 12 European countries. Value Health J Int Soc Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res. 2011;14:1166\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2011.07.001.","journal-title":"Value Health J Int Soc Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res"},{"key":"14908_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_359_23","volume":"16","author":"Y Khadivi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khadivi Y, Nabi Meibodi M, Saghafi F, Khadivi R. Assessing the Economic Implications of a Diagnosis-Related Groups Payment System in Iran\u2019s Health System Transformation Plan. Int J Prev Med. 2025;16:22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_359_23.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"14908_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2015.01.006","volume":"119","author":"U Klein-Hitpa\u00df","year":"2015","unstructured":"Klein-Hitpa\u00df U, Scheller-Kreinsen D. Policy trends and reforms in the German DRG-based hospital payment system. Health Policy Amst Neth. 2015;119:252\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthpol.2015.01.006.","journal-title":"Health Policy Amst Neth"},{"key":"14908_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/QMH.0b013e3181ccbcc3","volume":"19","author":"N Goldfield","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goldfield N. The evolution of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs): from its beginnings in case-mix and resource use theory, to its implementation for payment and now for its current utilization for quality within and outside the hospital. Qual Manag Health Care. 2010;19:3\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QMH.0b013e3181ccbcc3.","journal-title":"Qual Manag Health Care"},{"key":"14908_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4650-8","volume":"19","author":"JW Choi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choi JW, Kim S-J, Park H-K, Jang S-I, Kim TH, Park E-C. Effects of a mandatory DRG payment system in South Korea: Analysis of multi-year nationwide hospital claims data. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019;19:776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-019-4650-8.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"14908_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-13160-3","volume":"25","author":"Z Ostad-Ahmadi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ostad-Ahmadi Z, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Goudarzi R, Quinn AE, Heidarzadeh M, Nekoei-Moghadam M. Effects of different payment methods on perinatal care outcomes: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2025;25:1065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13160-3.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"14908_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-025-04064-x","volume":"23","author":"M Acs","year":"2025","unstructured":"Acs M, M\u00fcller V, Gebhard S, Wagner BJ, Bogovic N, G\u00f6tz M, et al. Hepatic resection for ovarian cancer in Germany: a nationwide epidemiological study based on DRG (diagnosis-related groups) data (2020\u20132024). World J Surg Oncol. 2025;23:382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12957-025-04064-x.","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"14908_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2017.01289","volume":"12","author":"C Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao C, Wang C, Shen C, Wang Q. Diagnosis-related group (DRG)-based case-mix funding system, a promising alternative for fee for service payment in China. Biosci Trends. 2018;12:109\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5582\/bst.2017.01289.","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"14908_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-006-9040-1","volume":"9","author":"J Schrey\u00f6gg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schrey\u00f6gg J, Stargardt T, Tiemann O, Busse R. Methods to determine reimbursement rates for diagnosis related groups (DRG): a comparison of nine European countries. Health Care Manag Sci. 2006;9:215\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10729-006-9040-1.","journal-title":"Health Care Manag Sci"},{"key":"14908_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614647","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1614647","volume":"13","author":"R Hou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hou R, Liu X, Chen W, Tan X, Li Z, Zhu W, et al. DRG payment does not predispose to negative clinical outcomes in general surgery cases: evidence from a tertiary hospital in China. Front Public Health. 2025;13:1614647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1614647.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"14908_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32136-1","volume":"394","author":"W Yip","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yip W, Fu H, Chen AT, Zhai T, Jian W, Xu R, et al. 10 years of health-care reform in China: progress and gaps in Universal Health Coverage. Lancet Lond Engl. 2019;394:1192\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32136-1.","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"14908_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn-2020-8","volume":"9","author":"L Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu L, Lang J. Diagnosis-related Groups (DRG) pricing and payment policy in China: where are we? Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2020;9:771\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/hbsn-2020-8.","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr"},{"key":"14908_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-4957-5","volume":"20","author":"K Zou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zou K, Li H-Y, Zhou D, Liao Z-J. The effects of diagnosis-related groups payment on hospital healthcare in China: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20:112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-020-4957-5.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"14908_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002611","volume":"88","author":"CK Zogg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zogg CK, Bernard AC, Hirji SA, Minei JP, Staudenmayer KL, Davis KA. Benchmarking the value of care: Variability in hospital costs for common operations and its association with procedure volume. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020;88:619\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0000000000002611.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"14908_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.4204","volume":"30","author":"M B\u00e4uml","year":"2021","unstructured":"B\u00e4uml M, K\u00fcmpel C. Hospital responses to the refinement of reimbursements by treatment intensity in DRG systems. Health Econ. 2021;30:585\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hec.4204.","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"14908_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s13561-025-00663-2","volume":"15","author":"C Milcent","year":"2025","unstructured":"Milcent C. Persistent inconsistencies in patient cost variability within the French DRG classification system over the 2012\u20132019 period. Health Econ Rev. 2025;15:91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13561-025-00663-2.","journal-title":"Health Econ Rev"},{"key":"14908_CR19","first-page":"71","volume":"Suppl","author":"HL Smits","year":"1984","unstructured":"Smits HL, Fetter RB, McMahon LF. Variation in resource use within diagnosis-related groups: the severity issue. Health Care Financ Rev. 1984;Suppl:71\u20138.","journal-title":"Health Care Financ Rev"},{"key":"14908_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550480","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1550480","volume":"13","author":"J-Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang J-Y, Chen M-E, Wei X-X, Lu X-Z, Zhu Y-R, Yang J-Y. Do the diagnosis-related group payment reforms have a negative impact?-an empirical study from Western China. Front Public Health. 2025;13:1550480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1550480.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"14908_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141981","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1141981","volume":"11","author":"W-F Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang W-F, Yan X-Y, Ling H, Liu T, Luo A-J. A study of the types and manifestations of physicians\u2019 unintended behaviors in the DRG payment system. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1141981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1141981.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"14908_CR22","first-page":"21","volume":"14","author":"Mechanisms","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mechanisms. development pathways through which the reform of medical insurance payment from post-payment to prepayment affects providers\u2019 medical service behaviors. Chin Health Policy Res. 2021;14(3):21\u20137.","journal-title":"Chin Health Policy Res"},{"key":"14908_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437272","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1437272","volume":"12","author":"R Hou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hou R, Liu X, Zhou J, Zhang T, Wang W, Zhu W. DRG payment for major pancreatic surgery: analysis of resource consumption and suggestions from a tertiary hospital in China. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1437272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1437272.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"14908_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-025-02940-7","volume":"25","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Yao X, Li Y, Dong R, Jin W, Li Y. DRG payment for male reproductive system malignant tumor surgery: analysis and recommendations on resource consumption in a tertiary hospital in China. BMC Surg. 2025;25:207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12893-025-02940-7.","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"key":"14908_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3134-6","volume":"18","author":"S Dewilde","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dewilde S, Annemans L, Pinc\u00e9 H, Thijs V. Hospital financing of ischaemic stroke: determinants of funding and usefulness of DRG subcategories based on severity of illness. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18:356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3134-6.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"14908_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11997-8","volume":"24","author":"M Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li M, Yang J, Shen J, Xu J, Gu D. Analysis of the impact of China Healthcare Security diagnosis-related groups payment reform on the hospitalization costs for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in obstructive sleep apnea patients at Hospital C. BMC Health Serv Res. 2024;24:1514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-024-11997-8.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"14908_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs482","volume":"34","author":"W Quentin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Quentin W, R\u00e4tto H, Peltola M, Busse R, H\u00e4kkinen U, EuroDRG group. Acute myocardial infarction and diagnosis-related groups: patient classification and hospital reimbursement in 11 European countries. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:1972\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs482.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"14908_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-024-02075-6","volume":"18","author":"R Hou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hou R, Xu Q, Liu X, Zhou J, Zhu W, Wang W. Robotic surgery reduces the consumption of medical consumables: cost analysis of robotic pancreatic surgery from a tertiary hospital in China. J Robot Surg. 2024;18:320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11701-024-02075-6.","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"key":"14908_CR29","first-page":"45","volume":"16","author":"N Edwards","year":"1994","unstructured":"Edwards N, Honemann D, Burley D, Navarro M. Refinement of the Medicare diagnosis-related groups to incorporate a measure of severity. Health Care Financ Rev. 1994;16:45\u201364.","journal-title":"Health Care Financ Rev"},{"key":"14908_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v12.i21.4673","volume":"12","author":"Y-H Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu Y-H, Yu F, Zhou Y-Z, Li A-D. Surgical treatment of liver cancer and pancreatic cancer under the China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups payment system. World J Clin Cases. 2024;12:4673\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12998\/wjcc.v12.i21.4673.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"14908_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06439-8","volume":"21","author":"X Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu X, Liu F, Wang L, Wu M, Yang L, Wei L. Performance evaluation of medical service for breast cancer patients based on diagnosis related groups. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21:496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-021-06439-8.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"14908_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513744","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1513744","volume":"13","author":"S Zeng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zeng S, Li L, Li J, He X. Two-stage DRG grouping of cerebral infarction based on comorbidity and complications classification. Front Public Health. 2025;13:1513744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1513744.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"14908_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2028470","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.28470","volume":"3","author":"TJ Gluckman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gluckman TJ, Spinelli KJ, Wang M, Yazdani A, Grunkemeier G, Bradley SM, et al. Trends in Diagnosis Related Groups for Inpatient Admissions and Associated Changes in Payment From 2012 to 2016. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e2028470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.28470.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"14908_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-023-00699-5","volume":"10","author":"L De Marziani","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Marziani L, Boffa A, Di Martino A, Andriolo L, Reale D, Bernasconi A, et al. The reimbursement system can influence the treatment choice and favor joint replacement versus other less invasive solutions in patients affected by osteoarthritis. J Exp Orthop. 2023;10:146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40634-023-00699-5.","journal-title":"J Exp Orthop"},{"key":"14908_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518546","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1518546","volume":"13","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhang Y-Y, Yan J, Ji T-B, Fan L-D, Wang H, et al. The impact of diagnosis-related group-based medical insurance payment model on the prognosis and nursing care of patients undergoing composite trabeculectomy: a retrospective cohort study. Front Public Health. 2025;13:1518546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1518546.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"14908_CR36","first-page":"145","volume":"39","author":"W Jian","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jian W, Cui T, Wang H, Hu M, Huang Y, Zhang X, et al. [Using diagnosis relative groups mortality risk classification to assess medical quality]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. 2007;39:145\u20138.","journal-title":"Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"14908_CR37","unstructured":"Gan L-L, Wu Y-L, Xiang G-Y, Chen S-G, Liu Y. Factors influencing cost overruns of DRG group FM19 in tertiary public hospitals in Chongqing under the DRG-based payment system. Health Soft Sci. 2025;39(3):1\u20135."},{"key":"14908_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e073913","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073913","volume":"14","author":"T Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu T, Chen C, Zhang X, Yang Q, Hu Y, Liu R, et al. Differences in inpatient performance of public general hospitals following implementation of a points-counting payment based on diagnosis-related group: a robust multiple interrupted time series study in Wenzhou, China. BMJ Open. 2024;14:e073913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073913.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"14908_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1007\/s00104-025-02263-6","volume":"96","author":"J Klose","year":"2025","unstructured":"Klose J, Rudroff C, Fischer L, Rebelo A, Kleeff J, Wilke RM. [Challenges in outpatient surgical treatment in Germany]. Chir Heidelb Ger. 2025;96:574\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00104-025-02263-6.","journal-title":"Chir Heidelb Ger"},{"key":"14908_CR40","first-page":"567","volume":"88","author":"F Cadariu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cadariu F, Enache A, Avram M, Muresan C, Olariu S. Day surgery in Romania. Ann Ital Chir. 2017;88:567\u201371.","journal-title":"Ann Ital Chir"}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14908-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14908-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14908-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T03:11:57Z","timestamp":1786590717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14908-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["14908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-026-14908-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Review Committee of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (Approval No. 2025040573). As this was a retrospective study using anonymized and de-identified data, the requirement for informed consent to participate was waived by the ethics committee. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1113"}}