{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:01:16Z","timestamp":1790359276231,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Link Natural products (Pvt) Limited, Sri Lanka","award":["Nil"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nil"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-026-15638-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T17:03:23Z","timestamp":1789405403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation and psychometric evaluation of the Diabetes Quality-of-Life Brief Clinical Inventory: Tamil version (DQoL-BCI-T)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nuwan","family":"Darshana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Illanchellien","family":"Thuvarahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Vancuylenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"15638_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Programme on mental health: WHOQOL user manual, 2012 revision. World Health Organization; 1998. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/77932."},{"key":"15638_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rubin RR, Peyrot M. Quality of life and diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 1999;15(3):205\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(sici)1520-7560(199905\/06)15:3%3C205::aid-dmrr29%3E3.0.co;2-o. PMID: 10441043.","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1520-7560(199905\/06)15:3%3C205::aid-dmrr29%3E3.0.co;2-o"},{"key":"15638_CR3","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2025","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 11th ed. Brussels: IDF; 2025.","edition":"11"},{"issue":"1","key":"15638_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003160","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2022-003160","volume":"11","author":"RP Rannan-Eliya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rannan-Eliya RP, Wijemunige N, Perera P, Kapuge Y, Gunawardana N, Sigera C, Jayatissa R, Herath HMM, Gamage A, Weerawardena N, Sivagnanam I, Dalpatadu S, Samarage S, Samarakoon U, Samaranayake N, Pullenayegam C, Perera B, SLHAS Collaborators. Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Sri Lanka: a new global hotspot-estimates from the Sri Lanka Health and Ageing Survey 2018\/2019. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2023;11(1):e003160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2022-003160.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"15638_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4544","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054544","volume":"20","author":"PL Ferreira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ferreira PL, Morais C, Pimenta R, Ribeiro I, Amorim I, Alves SM. Empowerment and Knowledge as Determinants for Quality of Life: A Contribution to a Better Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(5):4544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20054544.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"15638_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","volume":"30","author":"JE Ware Jr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992;30(6):473\u201383.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"15638_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","volume":"34","author":"J Ware Jr","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ware J Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996;34(3):220\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"15638_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291798006667","volume":"28","author":"Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment","year":"1998","unstructured":"Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. WHOQOL Group Psychol Med. 1998;28(3):551\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291798006667.","journal-title":"WHOQOL Group Psychol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"15638_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198108000-00001","volume":"19","author":"M Bergner","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bergner M, Bobbitt RA, Carter WB, Gilson BS. The Sickness Impact Profile: development and final revision of a health status measure. Med Care. 1981;19(8):787\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005650-198108000-00001.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"15638_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-017-0310-5","volume":"15","author":"NJ Devlin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Devlin NJ, Brooks R. EQ-5D and the EuroQol Group: Past, Present and Future. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2017;15(2):127\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40258-017-0310-5.","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"15638_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2007.12.020","volume":"80","author":"Y El Achhab","year":"2008","unstructured":"El Achhab Y, Nejjari C, Chikri M, Lyoussi B. Disease-specific health-related quality of life instruments among adults diabetic: A systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008;80(2):171\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2007.12.020.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"15638_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2337\/diaspect.17.1.41","volume":"17","author":"TE Burroughs","year":"2004","unstructured":"Burroughs TE, Desikan R, Waterman BM, Gilin D, McGill J. Development and Validation of the Diabetes Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory. Diabetes Spectr. 2004;17(1):41\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diaspect.17.1.41.","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr"},{"issue":"5","key":"15638_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2014.46210","volume":"10","author":"M Udzi\u0144ska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Udzi\u0144ska M, Tarach JS, Burroughs TE, Zwolak A, Matuszek B, Smole\u0144 A, Nowakowski A. Validation of the Polish version of Diabetes Quality of Life - Brief Clinical Inventory (DQL-BCI) among patients with type 2 diabetes. Arch Med Sci. 2014;10(5):891\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/aoms.2014.46210.","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"issue":"23","key":"15638_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8792","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17238792","volume":"17","author":"Z Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang Z, Jiang X, Hong L, Feng Z, He Q, Yuan J, Xiang X. Validation of the Simplified Chinese Version of the Brief Diabetes Quality of Life (DQoL) Questionnaire Based on a Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(23):8792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17238792.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"15638_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2040-1124.2012.00217.x","volume":"3","author":"AH Pakpour","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pakpour AH, Saffari M, Burri A. Translation and validation of an Iranian version of the Diabetes Quality of Life measure. J Diabetes Investig. 2012;3(5):471\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2040-1124.2012.00217.x.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"15638_CR16","unstructured":"Tamil - Worldwide Distribution \u2013 Worlddata.info. Available from: https:\/\/www.worlddata.info\/languages\/tamil.php#:~:text=With%2082.69%20million%20native%20speakers,Tamil%20as%20their%20mother%20tongue.&text=Unless%20otherwise%20described%20in%20the,the%20total%20number%20of%20speakers. Accessed 7 Dec 2025."},{"key":"15638_CR17","unstructured":"WHOQOL-BREF: introduction, administration, scoring and generic version of the assessment: field trial version, December 1996. World Health Organisation."},{"key":"15638_CR18","unstructured":"WHODAS 2.0 translation package (Version 1.0) 2021. Translation and linguistic evaluation protocol and supporting material. World Health Organisation."},{"issue":"2","key":"15638_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x","volume":"8","author":"D Wild","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wild D, Grove A, Martin M, et al. ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Value Health. 2005;8(2):94\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"15638_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198910000-00006","volume":"27","author":"WD Hendricson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hendricson WD, Russell IJ, Prihoda TJ, Jacobson JM, Rogan A, Bishop GD. An approach to developing a valid Spanish language translation of a health-status questionnaire. Med Care. 1989;27(10):959\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005650-198910000-00006.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"17","key":"15638_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9245","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179245","volume":"18","author":"SE Oluchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oluchi SE, Manaf RA, Ismail S, Kadir Shahar H, Mahmud A, Udeani TK. Health Related Quality of Life Measurements for Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(17):9245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18179245.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"15638_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15461","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15461","volume":"42","author":"E Holmes-Truscott","year":"2025","unstructured":"Holmes-Truscott E, Broadley MM, S\u00f8holm U, Cooke DD, Hendrieckx C, Coates EJ, Heller SR, Speight J. Acceptability and psychometric properties of four scales assessing the impact of Type 2 diabetes on quality of life-Results of \u2018YourSAY: Quality of Life\u2019. Diabet Med. 2025;42(3):e15461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.15461.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"15638_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2016.10.017","volume":"13","author":"AA Lim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lim AA, Ramasamy SM, Mat Nasir K, Han N, Burroughs YW. Linguistic and psychometric validation of the Malaysian version of Diabetes Quality of Life-Brief Clinical Inventory (DQoL-BCI). Res Social Adm Pharm. 2017;13(6):1135\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sapharm.2016.10.017.","journal-title":"Res Social Adm Pharm"},{"key":"15638_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Botha W, Bernaisch T. World Englishes and sociolinguistic variation. World Engl. 2025;44(1\u20132):2\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/weng.12695.","DOI":"10.1111\/weng.12695"},{"key":"15638_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schiffman HF. Standardization or restandardization: the case for Standard Spoken Tamil. Lang Soc. 1998;27(3):359\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0047404500020017.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047404500020017"}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12913-026-15638-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-026-15638-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12913-026-15638-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:30:48Z","timestamp":1790357448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12913-026-15638-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["15638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-026-15638-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Review Committee, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka (EC\/25\/038). Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants included in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1315"}}