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Pituitary thyrotropes produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), a critical factor for growth and maintenance of metabolism. The transcription factors POU1F1 and GATA2 have been implicated in thyrotrope fate, but the transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes of these neuroendocrine cells have not been characterized. The goal of this work was to discover transcriptional regulatory elements that drive thyrotrope fate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified the transcription factors and epigenomic changes in chromatin that are associated with differentiation of POU1F1-expressing progenitors into thyrotropes using cell lines that represent an undifferentiated\n                      <jats:italic>Pou1f1<\/jats:italic>\n                      lineage progenitor (GHF-T1) and a committed thyrotrope line that produces TSH (T\u03b1T1). We compared RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, histone modification (H3K27Ac, H3K4Me1, and H3K27Me3), and POU1F1 binding in these cell lines. POU1F1 binding sites are commonly associated with bZIP transcription factor consensus binding sites in GHF-T1 cells and Helix-Turn-Helix (HTH) or basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) factors in T\u03b1T1 cells, suggesting that these classes of transcription factors may recruit or cooperate with POU1F1 binding at unique sites. We validated enhancer function of novel elements we mapped near\n                      <jats:italic>Cga, Pitx1, Gata2,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Tshb<\/jats:italic>\n                      by transfection in T\u03b1T1 cells. Finally, we confirmed that an enhancer element near\n                      <jats:italic>Tshb<\/jats:italic>\n                      can drive expression in thyrotropes of transgenic mice, and we demonstrate that GATA2 enhances\n                      <jats:italic>Tshb<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression through this element.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results extend the ENCODE multi-omic profiling approach to the pituitary gland, which should be valuable for understanding pituitary development and disease pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-021-01009-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T14:03:48Z","timestamp":1618495428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Multi-omic profiling of pituitary thyrotropic cells and progenitors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1924-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Z.","family":"Daly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3700-8220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey A.","family":"Dudley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4599-6767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael T.","family":"Peel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3324-4485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Liebhaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8122-0117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen C. 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