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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control system recognizes and degrades proteins no longer needed in the ER through the ubiquitin\u2013proteasome pathway. E2 and E3 enzymes containing a transmembrane domain have been shown to function in ER quality control. The ER transmembrane protein UBE2J1 is a E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme reported to be essential for spermiogenesis at the elongating spermatid stage. Spermatids from\n                      <jats:italic>Ube2j1<\/jats:italic>\n                      KO male mice are believed to have defects in the dislocation step of ER quality control. However, associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases that function during spermatogenesis remain unknown.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified four evolutionarily conserved testis-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases [RING finger protein 133 (\n                      <jats:italic>Rnf133<\/jats:italic>\n                      ); RING finger protein 148 (\n                      <jats:italic>Rnf148<\/jats:italic>\n                      ); RING finger protein 151 (\n                      <jats:italic>Rnf151<\/jats:italic>\n                      ); and Zinc finger SWIM-type containing 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>Zswim2<\/jats:italic>\n                      )]. Using the CRISPR\/Cas9 system, we generated and analyzed the fertility of mutant mice with null alleles for each of these E3-encoding genes, as well as double and triple knockout (KO) mice. Male fertility, male reproductive organ, and sperm-associated parameters were analyzed in detail. Fecundity remained largely unaffected in\n                      <jats:italic>Rnf148<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Rnf151<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Zswim2<\/jats:italic>\n                      KO males; however,\n                      <jats:italic>Rnf133<\/jats:italic>\n                      KO males displayed severe subfertility. Additionally,\n                      <jats:italic>Rnf133<\/jats:italic>\n                      KO sperm exhibited abnormal morphology and reduced motility. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that cytoplasmic droplets were retained in\n                      <jats:italic>Rnf133<\/jats:italic>\n                      KO spermatozoa. Although\n                      <jats:italic>Rnf133<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Rnf148<\/jats:italic>\n                      encode paralogous genes that are chromosomally linked and encode putative ER transmembrane E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases based on their protein structures, there was limited functional redundancy of these proteins. In addition, we identified UBE2J1 as an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein that interacts with RNF133.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our studies reveal that RNF133 is a testis-expressed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a critical role for sperm function during spermiogenesis. Based on the presence of a transmembrane domain in RNF133 and its interaction with the ER containing E2 protein UBE2J1, we hypothesize that these ubiquitin-regulatory proteins function together in ER quality control during spermatogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-022-01368-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T05:08:01Z","timestamp":1657688881000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The testis-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF133 is required for fecundity in mice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kaori","family":"Nozawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Fujihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darius J.","family":"Devlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo E.","family":"Deras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina V.","family":"Larina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Umezu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney M.","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuji","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura K.","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Emori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahito","family":"Ikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas X.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin M.","family":"Matzuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1368_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-10-22","volume":"10","author":"I Dikic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dikic I, Robertson M. 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