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Cluster randomised control trials (CRCTs) could provide robust assessment of intervention efficacy in suppressing mosquito populations in field environments, but guidance on designing CRCTs to detect mosquito suppression impacts is limited.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We developed statistical models to simulate CRCTs, informed by a 5-year time series measuring densities of malaria vector species from the <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic> complex in four villages in western Burkina Faso. We estimated requirements for parallel and step wedge designs, varying the targeted vector species, the suppression effect and the monitoring regime. For a suppression effect of 50%, 21\u201322 clusters were required to detect suppression with 90% power when all <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic> complex species were targeted, while 24\u201326 clusters were required when only <jats:italic>An. coluzzii<\/jats:italic> was targeted and 60\u201366 clusters were required when only <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic> was targeted. For stronger suppression effects, required trial sizes depended less on target species, with 9\u201310 clusters being sufficient to detect a 90% suppression effect. We investigated how reducing sampling effort, by sampling fewer houses and restricting sampling to rainy season months, affected statistical power.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our results provide empirically based guidance for designing CRCTs to evaluate interventions aiming to suppress malaria vector populations.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-025-02414-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T12:42:35Z","timestamp":1760013755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Requirements for designing cluster randomised control trials to detect suppression of malaria vector population densities"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Penelope A.","family":"Hancock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tin-Yu J.","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patric S.","family":"Epopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azize","family":"Milogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"McKemey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck A.","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdoulaye","family":"Diabat\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin","family":"Burt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10195","key":"2414_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31097-9","volume":"394","author":"DJ Weiss","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weiss DJ, Lucas TCD, Nguyen M, Nandi AK, Bisanzio D, Battle KE, et al. 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