{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T12:59:46Z","timestamp":1771937986317,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of the Ministry of Public Security","award":["2024FGKFKT02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024FGKFKT02"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024NSFSC1518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024NSFSC1518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82402203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82402203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82293652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82293652"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","award":["ZYJC20002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYJC20002"]}]},{"name":"Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China","award":["23&ZD203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23&ZD203"]}]},{"name":"Open project of the Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of the Ministry of Public Security","award":["2022FGKFKT05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022FGKFKT05"]}]},{"name":"Open Research Fund of Center for archaeological Science of Sichuan University","award":["23SASA01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23SASA01"]}]},{"name":"Open Research Fund of Center for Archaeological Science of Sichuan University","award":["24SASB03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24SASB03"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013050","name":"Guangdong Provincial Applied Science and Technology Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024A1111120006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1111120006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Biol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-026-02527-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T05:33:43Z","timestamp":1769751223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paternal genomic history and Y-chromosome phylogeny from the Chengdu Plain reveal multiple Indigenous East Asian farmer contributions to ancient Shu and their descendants"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lisiteng","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yalan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lintao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuguo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renkuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haibing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huijun","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengge","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanglin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bofeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"2527_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-010-3097-4","volume":"55","author":"D Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang D, Chen F, Bettinger RL, Barton L, Ji D, Morgan C, et al. Archaeological records of Dadiwan in the past 60 ka and the origin of millet agriculture. Chin Sci Bull. 2010;55(16):1636\u201342.","journal-title":"Chin Sci Bull"},{"issue":"12","key":"2527_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1177\/0959683617708455","volume":"27","author":"KY He","year":"2017","unstructured":"He KY, Lu HY, Zhang JP, Wang C, Huan XJ. Prehistoric evolution of the dualistic structure mixed rice and millet farming in China. Holocene. 2017;27(12):1885\u201398.","journal-title":"Holocene"},{"issue":"9","key":"2527_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax6225","volume":"5","author":"C Leipe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leipe C, Long T, Sergusheva EA, Wagner M, Tarasov PE. Discontinuous spread of millet agriculture in eastern Asia and prehistoric population dynamics. Sci Adv. 2019;5(9):eaax6225.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"337","key":"2527_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003598X00049449","volume":"87","author":"JdA Guedes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guedes JdA, Jiang M, He K, Wu X, Jiang Z. Site of Baodun yields earliest evidence for the spread of rice and foxtail millet agriculture to south-west China. Antiquity. 2013;87(337):758\u201371.","journal-title":"Antiquity"},{"key":"2527_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang Q, Sun Y, Duan S, Nie S, Liu C, Deng H, Wang M, He G. High-quality Population-specific Haplotype-resolved Reference Panel in the Genomic and Pangenomic Eras. Genomics. Proteom Bioinform. Published online March 10, 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gpbjnl\/qzaf022.","DOI":"10.1093\/gpbjnl\/qzaf022"},{"key":"2527_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59717\/j.xinn-life.2025.100131","author":"M Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang M, Duan S, Li X, Yang J, Yuan H, Liu C, et al. Genome-driven Chinese precision medicine: biobank-scale genomic research as a new paradigm. The Innovation Life. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59717\/j.xinn-life.2025.100131.","journal-title":"The Innovation Life"},{"key":"2527_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao L, Yuan H, Zhu K, Liu X, Guo J, Min R, He H, Cao D, Yang X, Zhou Z et al.\u00a0Ancient genomes reveal millet farming-related demic diffusion from the Yellow River into southwest China. Curr Biol. 2023;33(22):4995\u20135002 e4997.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.09.055"},{"key":"2527_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-025-03859-1","author":"G He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He G, Sun Y, Duan S, Luo L, Sun Q, Li B, et al. Ancient genomes give insight into 160,000 years of East Asian population dynamics and biological adaptation. Genome Biol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-025-03859-1.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2527_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2023.10.002","volume":"51","author":"Y Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun Y, Wang M, Sun Q, Liu Y, Duan S, Wang Z, et al. Distinguished biological adaptation architecture aggravated population differentiation of Tibeto-Burman-speaking people. J Genet Genomics. 2024;51(5):517\u201330.","journal-title":"J Genet Genomics"},{"key":"2527_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaf258","author":"G He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He G, Duan S, Chen G, Wang CC, Yuan H, Li X, et al. Human population genetic history and evolutionary dynamics on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. Mol Biol Evol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msaf258.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2527_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-025-02784-4","author":"Q Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun Q, Feng Y, Wang Z, Sun Y, Luo L, Cheng J, et al. Differentiating the demographic histories and local adaptations of middle-altitude Qiang and Tibetan people. Hum Genet. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00439-025-02784-4.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2527_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang M, Duan S, Sun Q, Sun Y, Luo L, Liu Y, Tang R, Yun L, Liu C, He G. Genomic insights into population structure, adaptation, and archaic introgression at the Himalayan-East Asian crossroads. J Genet Genomics. Published online October 8, 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgg.2025.09.010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2025.09.010"},{"key":"2527_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Y, Luo L, Jiang Y, Zhao M, Yang T, Wang Z, Luo L, Feng Y, Zhu Z, Wang Y, et al. Large-Scale Modern and Ancient Y-Chromosome Sequences Supporting Neolithic Paternal Expansions of Millet and Rice Farmers and Demic Diffusion from China into Mainland Southeast Asia. Adv Sci. Published online January 21, 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202515930.","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202515930"},{"issue":"6397","key":"2527_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat3188","volume":"361","author":"M Lipson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lipson M, Cheronet O, Mallick S, Rohland N, Oxenham M, Pietrusewsky M, et al. Ancient genomes document multiple waves of migration in Southeast Asian prehistory. Science. 2018;361(6397):92\u20135.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6397","key":"2527_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat3628","volume":"361","author":"H McColl","year":"2018","unstructured":"McColl H, Racimo F, Vinner L, Demeter F, Gakuhari T, Moreno-Mayar JV, et al. The prehistoric peopling of Southeast Asia. Science. 2018;361(6397):88\u201392.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2527_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-025-03859-1","volume":"26","author":"G He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He G, Sun Y, Duan S, Luo L, Sun Q, Li B, et al. Ancient genomes give insight into 160,000 years of East Asian population dynamics and biological adaptation. Genome Biol. 2025;26(1):420.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2527_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110720","volume":"39","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Yang M, Zhang L, et al. The Tibetan-Yi region is both a corridor and a barrier for human gene flow. Cell Rep. 2022;39(4):110720.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2527_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-024-2736-7","author":"L Luo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Luo L, Wang M, Liu Y, Li J, Bu F, Yuan H, et al. Sequencing and characterizing human mitochondrial genomes in the biobank-based genomic research paradigm. Sci China Life Sci. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11427-024-2736-7.","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2527_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2017.11.008","volume":"34","author":"MA Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang MA, Fu Q. Insights into modern human prehistory using ancient genomes. Trends in genetics\u202f: TIG. 2018;34(3):184\u201396.","journal-title":"Trends in genetics : TIG"},{"issue":"5","key":"2527_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.01.047","volume":"187","author":"EA Bennett","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bennett EA, Fu Q. Ancient genomes and the evolutionary path of modern humans. Cell. 2024;187(5):1042\u20136.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2527_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47618-5","volume":"15","author":"L Guyon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guyon L, Guez J, Toupance B, Heyer E, Chaix R. Patrilineal segmentary systems provide a peaceful explanation for the post-Neolithic Y-chromosome bottleneck. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):3243.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2527_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04375-6","volume":"9","author":"TC Zeng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zeng TC, Aw AJ, Feldman MW. Cultural hitchhiking and competition between patrilineal kin groups explain the post-Neolithic Y-chromosome bottleneck. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):2077.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"2527_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3559","volume":"48","author":"GD Poznik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Poznik GD, Xue Y, Mendez FL, Willems TF, Massaia A, Wilson Sayres MA, et al. Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences. Nat Genet. 2016;48(6):593\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2527_CR24","unstructured":"Wang Z, Liu K, Yuan H, Duan S, Liu Y, Luo L, Jiang X, Chen S, Wei L, Tang R et al.\u00a0YanHuang Paternal Genomic Resource Suggested A Weakly-Differentiated Multi-Source Admixture Model for the Formation of Han's Founding Ancestral Lineages. Genom, Proteo & Bioinform. 2025."},{"issue":"12","key":"2527_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.111456","volume":"27","author":"M Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang M, Liu Y, Luo L, Feng Y, Wang Z, Yang T, et al. Genomic insights into Neolithic founding paternal lineages around the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau using integrated YanHuang resource. iScience. 2024;27(12):111456.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"4","key":"2527_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2024.11.012","volume":"52","author":"M Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang M, Sun Q, Feng Y, Wei LH, Liu K, Luo L, et al. Paleolithic divergence and multiple Neolithic expansions of ancestral nomadic emperor-related paternal lineages. J Genet Genomics. 2025;52(4):502\u201312.","journal-title":"J Genet Genomics"},{"key":"2527_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae122","author":"M Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang M, Huang Y, Liu K, Wang Z, Zhang M, Yuan H, et al. Multiple human population movements and cultural dispersal events shaped the landscape of Chinese paternal heritage. Mol Biol Evol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msae122.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"6145","key":"2527_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1237619","volume":"341","author":"GD Poznik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Poznik GD, Henn BM, Yee MC, Sliwerska E, Euskirchen GM, Lin AA, et al. Sequencing Y chromosomes resolves discrepancy in time to common ancestor of males versus females. Science. 2013;341(6145):562\u20135.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6145","key":"2527_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1237947","volume":"341","author":"P Francalacci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Francalacci P, Morelli L, Angius A, Berutti R, Reinier F, Atzeni R, et al. Low-pass DNA sequencing of 1200 Sardinians reconstructs European Y-chromosome phylogeny. Science. 2013;341(6145):565\u20139.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"2527_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1428","volume":"36","author":"JA Wilder","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wilder JA, Kingan SB, Mobasher Z, Pilkington MM, Hammer MF. Global patterns of human mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome structure are not influenced by higher migration rates of females versus males. Nat Genet. 2004;36(10):1122\u20135.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2527_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/ng711","volume":"29","author":"H Oota","year":"2001","unstructured":"Oota H, Settheetham-Ishida W, Tiwawech D, Ishida T, Stoneking M. Human mtDNA and Y-chromosome variation is correlated with matrilocal versus patrilocal residence. Nat Genet. 2001;29(1):20\u20131.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2527_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac045","volume":"39","author":"M Karmin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karmin M, Flores R, Saag L, Hudjashov G, Brucato N, Crenna-Darusallam C, et al. Episodes of diversification and isolation in Island Southeast Asian and Near Oceanian male lineages. Mol Biol Evol. 2022;39(3):msac045.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2527_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinotti T, Bergstrom A, Geppert M, Bawn M, Ohasi D, Shi W, Lacerda DR, Solli A, Norstedt J, Reed K et al.\u00a0Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders. Curr Biol. 2019;29(1):149\u2013157 e143.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.029"},{"key":"2527_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msad094","author":"E Pless","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pless E, Eckburg AM, Henn BM. Predicting environmental and ecological drivers of human population structure. Mol Biol Evol. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msad094.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2527_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msz072","volume":"36","author":"YC Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li YC, Ye WJ, Jiang CG, Zeng Z, Tian JY, Yang LQ, et al. River valleys shaped the maternal genetic landscape of Han Chinese. Mol Biol Evol. 2019;36(8):1643\u201352.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2527_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22240","volume":"151","author":"T Gayden","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gayden T, Perez A, Persad PJ, Bukhari A, Chennakrishnaiah S, Simms T, et al. The Himalayas: barrier and conduit for gene flow. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2013;151(2):169\u201382.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"2527_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar L, Rajpal R, Ahlawat B, Pasupuleti N, Konar S, Dwivedi A, Kumar S, Spalzin S, Rabyang S, Thangaraj K et al. Genetic architecture and adaptation of Ladakh highlanders of trans-Himalayas. In: bioRxiv. 2024;2024.02.05.579041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.02.05.579041.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.02.05.579041"},{"key":"2527_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du P, Zhu K, Wang M, Sun Z, Tan J, Sun B, Sun B, Wang P, He G, Xiong J et al: Genomic dynamics of the Lower Yellow River Valley since the Early Neolithic. Curr Biol. 2024;34(17):3996\u20134006 e3911.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.07.063"},{"key":"2527_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong C, Wang K, Wilkin S, Taylor WTT, Miller BK, Bemmann JH, Stahl R, Chiovelli C, Knolle F, Ulziibayar S et al.\u00a0A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia's Eastern Steppe. Cell. 2020;183(4):890\u2013904 e829.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.10.015"},{"issue":"11","key":"2527_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add5582","volume":"9","author":"H Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang H, Yang MA, Wangdue S, Lu H, Chen H, Li L, et al. Human genetic history on the Tibetan Plateau in the past 5100 years. Sci Adv. 2023;9(11):eadd5582.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"8019","key":"2527_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07546-2","volume":"631","author":"M Michel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Michel M, Skourtanioti E, Pierini F, Guevara EK, Motsch A, Kocher A, et al. Ancient Plasmodium genomes shed light on the history of human malaria. Nature. 2024;631(8019):125\u201333.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2527_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16557-2","volume":"11","author":"C Ning","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ning C, Li T, Wang K, Zhang F, Li T, Wu X, et al. Ancient genomes from northern China suggest links between subsistence changes and human migration. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):2700.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2527_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang K, Yu H, Radzeviciute R, Kiryushin YF, Tishkin AA, Frolov YV, Stepanova NF, Kiryushin KY, Kungurov AL, Shnaider SV et al.\u00a0Middle Holocene Siberian genomes reveal highly connected gene pools throughout North Asia. Curr Biol. 2023;33(3):423\u2013433 e425.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.11.062"},{"issue":"7850","key":"2527_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03336-2","volume":"591","author":"CC Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang CC, Yeh HY, Popov AN, Zhang HQ, Matsumura H, Sirak K, et al. Genomic insights into the formation of human populations in East Asia. Nature. 2021;591(7850):413\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7523","key":"2527_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13810","volume":"514","author":"Q Fu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fu Q, Li H, Moorjani P, Jay F, Slepchenko SM, Bondarev AA, et al. Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia. Nature. 2014;514(7523):445\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"2527_CR46","first-page":"424","volume":"44","author":"F Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang F, Wang M, Zhang XH, Yu KL, Zheng LB, Yang YJ. Genetic substructure analysis of three isolated populations in southwest China. Yi Chuan. 2022;44(5):424\u201331.","journal-title":"Yi Chuan"},{"issue":"5","key":"2527_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwz080","volume":"6","author":"YC Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li YC, Tian JY, Liu FW, Yang BY, Gu KS, Rahman ZU, et al. Neolithic millet farmers contributed to the permanent settlement of the Tibetan Plateau by adopting barley agriculture. Natl Sci Rev. 2019;6(5):1005\u201313.","journal-title":"Natl Sci Rev"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2527_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-007-0407-2","volume":"122","author":"H Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li H, Huang Y, Mustavich LF, Zhang F, Tan JZ, Wang LE, et al. Y chromosomes of prehistoric people along the Yangtze River. Hum Genet. 2007;122(3\u20134):383\u20138.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"2527_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaf225","volume":"42","author":"G He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He G, Chen J, Duan S, Yang Q, Li B, Luo L, et al. Largest-scale genomic resource reconstructing the genetic origin, population structure, and biological adaptations of the Hui People. Mol Biol Evol. 2025;42(10):msaf225.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2527_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3804","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab158","volume":"38","author":"X Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma X, Yang W, Gao Y, Pan Y, Lu Y, Chen H, et al. Genetic origins and sex-biased admixture of the Huis. Mol Biol Evol. 2021;38(9):3804\u201319.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2527_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msad054","volume":"40","author":"Y Pan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pan Y, Wen J, Ning Z, Yuan Y, Liu X, Yang Y, et al. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the impacts of genetic admixture in Kazaks, Uyghurs, and Huis. Mol Biol Evol. 2023;40(3):msad054.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2527_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang Z, Liu K, Yuan H, Duan S, Liu Y, Luo L, Jiang X, Chen S, Wei L-H, Tang R, et al. YanHuang paternal genomic resource suggested a Weakly-Differentiated Multi-Source Admixture model for the formation of Han's founding ancestral lineages. Genom, Proteom Bioinform. Published online June 4, 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gpbjnl\/qzaf049.","DOI":"10.1093\/gpbjnl\/qzaf049"},{"issue":"6588","key":"2527_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abk1534","volume":"376","author":"V Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar V, Wang W, Zhang J, Wang Y, Ruan Q, Yu J, et al. Bronze and Iron Age population movements underlie Xinjiang population history. Science. 2022;376(6588):62\u20139.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2527_CR54","unstructured":"Narasimhan VM, Patterson N, Moorjani P, Rohland N, Bernardos R, Mallick S, Lazaridis I, Nakatsuka N, Olalde I, Lipson M, et al. The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia. Science. 2019;365(6457):eaat7487."},{"issue":"6562","key":"2527_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi8202","volume":"373","author":"YC Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu YC, Mao XW, Krause J, Fu QM. Insights into human history from the first decade of ancient human genomics. Science (New York, NY). 2021;373(6562):1479\u201384.","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"issue":"14","key":"2527_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.05.018","volume":"184","author":"TY Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang TY, Wang W, Xie GM, Li Z, Fan XC, Yang QP, et al. Human population history at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia since 11,000 years ago. Cell. 2021;184(14):3829.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2527_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anthony DW. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2007.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400831104"},{"issue":"7555","key":"2527_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14507","volume":"522","author":"ME Allentoft","year":"2015","unstructured":"Allentoft ME, Sikora M, Sjogren KG, Rasmussen S, Rasmussen M, Stenderup J, et al. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature. 2015;522(7555):167\u201372.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6562","key":"2527_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi8202","volume":"373","author":"Y Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Y, Mao X, Krause J, Fu Q. Insights into human history from the first decade of ancient human genomics. Science. 2021;373(6562):1479\u201384.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7754","key":"2527_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1153-z","volume":"569","author":"M Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang M, Yan S, Pan W, Jin L. Phylogenetic evidence for Sino-Tibetan origin in northern China in the Late Neolithic. Nature. 2019;569(7754):112\u20135.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"2527_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-024-2748-4","volume":"68","author":"G He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He G, Yao H, Duan S, Luo L, Sun Q, Tang R, et al. Pilot work of the 10K Chinese people genomic diversity project along the Silk Road suggests a complex east-west admixture landscape and biological adaptations. Sci China Life Sci. 2025;68(4):914\u201333.","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2527_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.107524.110","volume":"20","author":"A McKenna","year":"2010","unstructured":"McKenna A, Hanna M, Banks E, Sivachenko A, Cibulskis K, Kernytsky A, et al. The genome analysis toolkit: a mapreduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data. Genome Res. 2010;20(9):1297\u2013303.","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"issue":"7624","key":"2527_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18964","volume":"538","author":"S Mallick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mallick S, Li H, Lipson M, Mathieson I, Gymrek M, Racimo F, et al. The simons genome diversity project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations. Nature. 2016;538(7624):201\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2527_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergstr\u00f6m A, McCarthy SA, Hui RY, Almarri MA, Ayub Q, Danecek P, Chen Y, Felkel S, Hallast P, Kamm J et al.\u00a0Insights into human genetic variation and population history from 929 diverse genomes. Science (New York, NY). 2020, 367(6484):1339-+.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay5012"},{"issue":"3","key":"2527_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0308-256b","volume":"26","author":"N Siva","year":"2008","unstructured":"Siva N. 1000 genomes project. Nat Biotechnol. 2008;26(3):256.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2527_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1579","volume":"6","author":"LL Cavalli-Sforza","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cavalli-Sforza LL. The human genome diversity project: past, present and future. Nat Rev Genet. 2005;6(4):333\u201340.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"21","key":"2527_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr509","volume":"27","author":"H Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li H. A statistical framework for SNP calling, mutation discovery, association mapping and population genetical parameter estimation from sequencing data. Bioinformatics. 2011;27(21):2987\u201393.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"15","key":"2527_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr330","volume":"27","author":"P Danecek","year":"2011","unstructured":"Danecek P, Auton A, Abecasis G, Albers CA, Banks E, DePristo MA, et al. The variant call format and VCFtools. Bioinformatics. 2011;27(15):2156\u20138.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2527_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-021-04057-z","volume":"22","author":"H Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen H, Lu Y, Lu D, Xu S. Y-lineagetracker: a high-throughput analysis framework for Y-chromosomal next-generation sequencing data. BMC Bioinformatics. 2021;22(1):114.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"9","key":"2527_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033","volume":"30","author":"A Stamatakis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stamatakis A. RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics. 2014;30(9):1312\u20133.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2527_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac017","author":"R Martiniano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martiniano R, De Sanctis B, Hallast P, Durbin R. Placing ancient DNA sequences into reference phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msac017.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"W1","key":"2527_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W293","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab301","volume":"49","author":"I Letunic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Letunic I, Bork P. Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021;49(W1):W293\u20136.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2527_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006650","author":"R Bouckaert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bouckaert R, Vaughan TG, Barido-Sottani J, Duch\u00eane S, Fourment M, Gavryushkina A, et al. BEAST 2.5: an advanced software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis. PLoS Comput Biol. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006650.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2527_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syy032","volume":"67","author":"A Rambaut","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rambaut A, Drummond AJ, Xie D, Baele G, Suchard MA. Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Syst Biol. 2018;67(5):901\u20134.","journal-title":"Syst Biol"}],"container-title":["BMC Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12915-026-02527-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12915-026-02527-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12915-026-02527-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T12:02:31Z","timestamp":1771934551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12915-026-02527-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12915-026-02527-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-7007"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-7007","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants provided informed consent, and the study procedures were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Approval No. 2023-1288). The study was conducted following the Human Genetic Resources Administration of China (HGRAC) guidelines and adhered to the principles of the 2013 revision of the Helsinki Declaration.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. No individual person\u2019s data (including individual details, images, or videos) are included in this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"54"}}