{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:32:46Z","timestamp":1790573566466,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LP140100609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LP140100609"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1143-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,22]],"date-time":"2018-08-22T12:42:46Z","timestamp":1534941766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Recently resettled refugee women-at-risk in Australia evidence high levels of psychiatric symptoms: individual, trauma and post-migration factors predict outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9915-0786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert D.","family":"Schweitzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn","family":"Vromans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Brough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Asic-Kobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Correa-Velez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Lenette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1143_CR1","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees. UNHCR Resettlement Handbook. http:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/46f7c0ee2.pdf . Accessed 29 June 2016."},{"key":"1143_CR2","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Proposed Executive Committee Conclusion on Women at Risk: Follow-Up Paper. 2006. http:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/excom\/icm\/45082362c\/proposed-executive-committee-conclusion-women-risk-follow-up-paper.html . Accessed 29 June 2016."},{"key":"1143_CR3","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees. Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2016. http:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/globaltrends2016\/ . Accessed 28 Aug 2016."},{"key":"1143_CR4","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees. Resettlement Data. http:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/en-us\/resettlement-data.html . Accessed 21 June 2016."},{"key":"1143_CR5","volume-title":"Resettlement and Women-at-Risk: Can the Risk be Reduced?","author":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees","year":"2013","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Resettlement and Women-at-Risk: Can the Risk be Reduced? Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; 2013."},{"key":"1143_CR6","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees. UNHCR Resettlement Handbook and Country Chapters. 2011. http:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/en-us\/protection\/resettlement\/4a2ccf4c6\/unhcr-resettlement-handbook-country-chapters.html . Accessed 7 Aug 2017."},{"key":"1143_CR7","unstructured":"Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Australia\u2019s Humanitarian Programme 2016\u201317. http:\/\/www.border.gov.au\/ReportsandPublications\/Documents\/discussion-papers\/discussion-paper-humanitarian-programme_2016-17.pdf . Accessed 2 Mar 2016."},{"key":"1143_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.5.611","volume":"288","author":"M Hollifield","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hollifield M, Warner T, Lian N, Krakow B, Jenkins J, Kesler J, Westermeyer J. Measuring trauma and health status in refugees: a critical review. JAMA. 2002;288:611\u201321.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1143_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764009105699","volume":"57","author":"K Carswell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carswell K, Blackburn P, Baker C. The relationship between trauma, postmigration problems and the psychological well-being of refugees and asylum seekers. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2011;57:107\u201319.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1143_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.6.482","volume":"173","author":"RF Mollica","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mollica RF, McInnes K, Poole C, Tor S. Dose-effect relationships of trauma to symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among Cambodian survivors of mass violence. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;173:482\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1143_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-007-0194-z","volume":"42","author":"D Silove","year":"2007","unstructured":"Silove D, Steel Z, Bauman A, Chey T, Mcfarlane A. Trauma, PTSD and the longer-term mental health burden amongst Vietnamese refugees: a comparison with the Australian-born population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2007;42:467\u201376.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"1143_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01766.x","volume":"40","author":"R Schweitzer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schweitzer R, Melville F, Steel Z, Lacherez P. Trauma, post-migration living difficulties, and social support as predictors of psychological adjustment in resettled Sudanese refugees. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2006;40:179\u201388.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1143_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3109\/00048674.2010.543412","volume":"45","author":"RD Schweitzer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schweitzer RD, Brough M, Vromans L. Mental health of newly arrived Burmese refugees in Australia: contributions of pre-migration and post-migration experience. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2011;45:299\u2013307.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry."},{"key":"1143_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2307\/1372967","volume":"46","author":"S Fisher","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fisher S. Occupation of the womb: forced impregnation as genocide. Duke Law J. 1996;46:91\u2013133.","journal-title":"Duke Law J"},{"key":"1143_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327949pac0404_6","volume":"4","author":"S McKay","year":"1998","unstructured":"McKay S. The effects of armed conflict on girls or women. Peace Confl. 1998;4:381\u201392.","journal-title":"Peace Confl"},{"key":"1143_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1177\/0020872815580049","volume":"6","author":"K Wachter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wachter K, Heffron LC, Snyder S, Nsonwu Busch M, Busch-Armendariz NB. Unsettled integration: pre- and post-migration factors in Congolese refugee women\u2019s resettlement experiences in the United States. Int Soc Work. 2016;6:875\u201389.","journal-title":"Int Soc Work"},{"key":"1143_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.25071\/1920-7336.39618","volume":"30","author":"L Bartolomei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bartolomei L, Eckert R, Pittaway E. \u201cWhat happens there\u2026follows us here\u201d: resettled but still at risk: refugee women and girls in Australia. Refuge: Canada\u2019s Periodical on Refugees. 2014;30:45\u201356.","journal-title":"Refuge: Canada\u2019s Periodical on Refugees"},{"key":"1143_CR18","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Social Services. Getting Settled. Women Refugees in Australia. 2013. https:\/\/www.dss.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/01_2014\/sc_update_women_at_risk.pdf . Accessed 29 Mar 2017."},{"key":"1143_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461506061757","volume":"43","author":"M Bieser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bieser M. Longitudinal research to promote effective refugee resettlement. Transcult Psychiatry. 2006;43:56\u201371.","journal-title":"Transcult Psychiatry"},{"key":"1143_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.17730\/humo.63.1.nwlpjdj4d4l9756l","volume":"63","author":"C McMichael","year":"2004","unstructured":"McMichael C, Manderson L. Somali women and well-being: social networks and social capital among immigrant women in Australia. Hum Organ. 2004;63:88\u201399.","journal-title":"Hum Organ"},{"key":"1143_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1839-4655.2007.tb00039.x","volume":"4","author":"S Casimiro","year":"2007","unstructured":"Casimiro S, Hancock P, Northcote J. Isolation and insecurity: resettlement issues among Muslim refugee women in Perth, Western Australia. Aust J Soc Issues. 2007;4:55\u201369.","journal-title":"Aust J Soc Issues"},{"key":"1143_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.08.019","volume":"62","author":"KJ Blight","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blight KJ, Ekblad S, Persson J, Ekberg J. Mental health, employment and gender. Cross-sectional evidence in a sample of refugees from Bosnia-Herzegovina living in two Swedish regions. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62:1697\u2013709.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"1143_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.5.602","volume":"294","author":"M Porter","year":"2005","unstructured":"Porter M, Haslam N. Predisplacement and postdisplacement factors associated with mental health of refugees and internally displaced persons: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2005;294:602\u201312.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1143_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2435.2006.00358.x","volume":"44","author":"L Hou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hou L, Beiser M. Learning the language of a new country: a ten-year study of English acquisition by southeast Asian refugees in Canada. Int Migr. 2006;44:135\u201365.","journal-title":"Int Migr"},{"key":"1143_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199202000-00008","volume":"180","author":"RF Mollica","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mollica RF, Caspi-Yavin Y, Bollini P, Truong T, Tor S, Lavelle J. The Harvard trauma questionnaire. Validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1992;180:111\u20136.","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"1143_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764007078362","volume":"53","author":"M Shoeb","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shoeb M, Weinstein H, Mollica R. The Harvard trauma questionnaire: adapting a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraqi refugees. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2007;53:447\u201363.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1143_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.5.546","volume":"286","author":"RF Mollica","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mollica RF, Sarajlic N, Chernoff M, Lavelle J, Vukovic IS, Massagli MP. Longitudinal study of psychiatric symptoms, disability, mortality, and emigration among Bosnian refugees. JAMA. 2001;286:546\u201354.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1143_CR28","volume-title":"The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) Manual","author":"R Mollica","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mollica R, Caspin-Yavin Y. The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) Manual. Cambridge: Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma; 1994."},{"key":"1143_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09984.x","volume":"97","author":"D Silove","year":"1998","unstructured":"Silove D, Steel Z, McGorry P, Mohan P. Trauma exposure, postmigration stressors, and symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress in Tamil asylum-seekers: comparison with refugees and immigrants. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1998;97:175\u201381.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"1143_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.23.5.382","volume":"23","author":"CJ Gonsalves","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gonsalves CJ. Psychological stages of the refugee process: a model for therapeutic interventions. Prof Psychol Res Pract. 1992;23:382\u20139.","journal-title":"Prof Psychol Res Pract"},{"key":"1143_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/13642537.2010.488876","volume":"12","author":"B Rosbrook","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rosbrook B, Schweitzer R. The meaning of home for Karen and chin refugees from Burma: an interpretative phenomenological approach. Eur J Psychother Couns. 2010;12:159\u201372.","journal-title":"Eur J Psychother Couns"},{"key":"1143_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dav048","volume":"31","author":"A Lecerof","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lecerof A, Stafstrom M, Westerling R, Ostergren P. Does social capital protect mental health among migrants in Sweden? Health Promot Int. 2016;31:644\u201352.","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"key":"1143_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)61027-6","volume":"365","author":"M Fazel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fazel M, Wheeler J, Danesh J. Prevalence of serious mental disorder in 7000 refugees resettled in western countries: a systematic review. Lancet. 2005;365:1309\u201314.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1143_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013."}],"container-title":["BMC Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-018-1143-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12916-018-1143-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-018-1143-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]],"date-time":"2020-11-08T03:15:11Z","timestamp":1604805311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12916-018-1143-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-018-1143-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-7015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-7015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the QUT Human Ethics Advisory Committee (1400000141). All participants provided voluntary informed consent and consent to publish anonymized, grouped data.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"149"}}