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determined.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Participants from three population-based neuroimaging cohorts, including the IMAGEN cohort, the UK Biobank (UKB), and the Human Connectome Project (HCP), were recruited. Voxel-based morphometry analysis of both childhood trauma and body mass index (BMI) was performed in the longitudinal IMAGEN cohort; validation of the findings was performed in the UKB. White-matter connectivity analysis was conducted to study the structural connectivity between the identified brain region and subdivisions of the hypothalamus in the HCP.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In IMAGEN, a smaller frontopolar cortex (FPC) was associated with both childhood abuse (CA) (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u2009.568, 95%CI \u2212\u2009.942 to \u2212\u2009.194; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003) and higher BMI (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u2009.086, 95%CI \u2212\u2009.128 to \u2212\u2009.043; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) in male participants, and these findings were validated in UKB. Across seven data collection sites, a stronger negative CA-FPC association was correlated with a higher positive CA-BMI association (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20091.033, 95%CI \u2212\u20091.762 to \u2212\u2009.305; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.015). Using 7-T diffusion tensor imaging data (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009156), we found that FPC was the third most connected cortical area with the hypothalamus, especially the lateral hypothalamus. A smaller FPC at age 14 contributed to higher BMI at age 19 in those male participants with a history of CA, and the CA-FPC interaction enabled a model at age 14 to account for some future weight gain during a 5-year follow-up (variance explained 5.8%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The findings highlight that a malfunctioning, top-down cognitive or behavioral control system, independent of genetic predisposition, putatively contributes to excessive weight gain in a particularly vulnerable population, and may inform treatment approaches.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01743-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T01:02:58Z","timestamp":1602723778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Association between childhood trauma and risk for obesity: a putative neurocognitive developmental pathway"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Qiang","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chu-Chung","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Kanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin B.","family":"Quinlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianye","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Banaschewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun L. 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When the children were under 18\u2009years old (baseline and first follow-up), the children gave assent and their parents or legal guardian provided written informed consent. The UKB study has obtained ethics approval from the Research Ethics Committee (REC #11\/NW\/0382) and informed consent from all participants enrolled. The WU-Minn HCP Consortium obtained full informed consent from all participants, and research procedures and ethical guidelines were followed in accordance with the Washington University Institutional Review Boards (IRB #201204036).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Dr. Banaschewski has served as an advisor or consultant to Actelion, Hexal Pharma, Lilly, Lundbeck, Medice, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, and Shire. He received conference support or speaker\u2019s fee by Lilly, Medice, Novartis, and Shire. He has been involved in clinical trials conducted by Shire and Vifor Pharma; the present work is unrelated to these relationships. Dr. Walter received a speaker honorarium from Servier (2014). Dr. Sahakian consults for Cambridge Cognition and Peak, UK. Dr. Robbins reports consultancy with Cambridge Cognition, Unilever, Mundipharma, Greenfield Bioventures Inc., research grants from Shionogi, Lundbeck, Small Pharma, royalties for CANTAB from Cambridge Cognition, and editorial honoraria from Elsevier, Springer Verlag, outside the submitted work. The other authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"278"}}