{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:32:56Z","timestamp":1792859576075,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000761","name":"Imperial College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) complicated by heart failure (HF) have a poor prognosis. We investigated whether long\u00a0term loop-diuretic therapy in patients with AF and no known diagnosis of HF, as a potential surrogate marker of undiagnosed HF, is also associated with worse outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Adults with incident AF were identified from UK primary and secondary care records between 2004 and 2016. Repeat prescriptions for loop\u00a0diuretics, without a diagnosis of HF or documented non-cardiac indication, were classified as \u2018isolated\u2019 loop\u00a0diuretic use.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Amongst 124,256 people with incident AF (median 76 years, 47% women), 22,001 (17.7%) had a diagnosis of HF, and 22,325 (18.0%) had isolated loop\u00a0diuretic use. During 2.9 (LQ-UQ 1\u20136) years\u2019 follow-up, 12,182 patients were diagnosed with HF (incidence rate 3.2 [95% CI 3.1\u20133.3]\/100 person-years). Of these, 3999 (32.8%) had prior isolated loop\u00a0diuretic use, including 31% of patients diagnosed with HF following an emergency hospitalisation. The median time from AF to HF diagnosis was 3.6 (1.2\u20137.7) years in men versus 5.1 (1.8\u20139.9) years in women (p = 0.0001). In adjusted models, patients with isolated loop\u00a0diuretic use had higher mortality (HR 1.42 [95% CI 1.37\u20131.47], p &lt; 0.0005) and risk of HF hospitalisation (HR 1.60 [95% CI 1.42\u20131.80], p &lt; 0.0005) than patients with no HF or loop\u00a0diuretic use, and comparably poor survival to patients with diagnosed HF.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Loop\u00a0diuretics are commonly prescribed to patients with AF and may indicate increased cardiovascular risk. Targeted evaluation of these patients may allow earlier HF diagnosis, timely intervention, and better outcomes, particularly amongst women with AF, in whom HF appears to be under-recognised and diagnosed later than in men.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02048-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T01:02:34Z","timestamp":1628557354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Under-recognition of heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation and the impact of gender: a UK population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4225-3693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosita","family":"Zakeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann D.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varun","family":"Sundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G. F.","family":"Cleland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Quint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2048_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4482","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4482","volume":"354","author":"A Odutayo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Odutayo A, Wong CX, Hsiao AJ, Hopewell S, Altman DG, Emdin CA. Atrial fibrillation and risks of cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and death: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2016;354:i4482.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"4","key":"2048_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht483","volume":"35","author":"JP Piccini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Piccini JP, Hammill BG, Sinner MF, Hernandez AF, Walkey AJ, Benjamin EJ, et al. Clinical course of atrial fibrillation in older adults: the importance of cardiovascular events beyond stroke. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(4):250\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht483.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"10105","key":"2048_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31072-3","volume":"390","author":"P Kirchhof","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kirchhof P. The future of atrial fibrillation management: integrated care and stratified therapy. Lancet. 2017;390(10105):1873\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31072-3.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"27","key":"2048_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","volume":"37","author":"P Ponikowski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(27):2129\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"15","key":"2048_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312781","volume":"104","author":"S van Doorn","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Doorn S, Geersing GJ, Kievit RF, van Mourik Y, Bertens LC, van Riet EES, et al. Opportunistic screening for heart failure with natriuretic peptides in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of individual participant data of four screening studies. Heart. 2018;104(15):1236\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312781.","journal-title":"Heart."},{"issue":"24","key":"2048_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab082","volume":"42","author":"JG Cleland","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cleland JG, Pfeffer MA, Clark AL, Januzzi JL, McMurray JJV, Mueller C, et al. The struggle towards a universal definition of heart failure\u2014how to proceed? Eur Heart J. 2021;42(24):2331\u201343.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"23","key":"2048_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.069450","volume":"125","author":"M Rienstra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rienstra M, Lubitz SA, Mahida S, Magnani JW, Fontes JD, Sinner MF, et al. Symptoms and functional status of patients with atrial fibrillation: state of the art and future research opportunities. Circulation. 2012;125(23):2933\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.069450.","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"6","key":"2048_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2005.01.027","volume":"45","author":"CW Knudsen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Knudsen CW, Clopton P, Westheim A, Klemsdal TO, Wu AH, Duc P, et al. Predictors of elevated B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in dyspneic patients without heart failure: an analysis from the breathing not properly multinational study. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;45(6):573\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2005.01.027.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2048_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20478","volume":"32","author":"M Bai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bai M, Yang J, Li Y. Serum N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide level and its clinical implications in patients with atrial fibrillation. Clin Cardiol. 2009;32(12):E1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/clc.20478.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2048_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux027","volume":"19","author":"D Kotecha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kotecha D, Mohamed M, Shantsila E, Popescu BA, Steeds RP. Is echocardiography valid and reproducible in patients with atrial fibrillation? A systematic review. Europace. 2017;19(9):1427\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/eux027.","journal-title":"Europace."},{"issue":"3","key":"2048_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv098","volume":"44","author":"E Herrett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herrett E, Gallagher AM, Bhaskaran K, Forbes H, Mathur R, van Staa T, et al. Data resource profile: clinical practice research datalink (CPRD). Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44(3):827\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyv098.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"33","key":"2048_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339","volume":"39","author":"B Williams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 ESC\/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):3021\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"12","key":"2048_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4074","volume":"25","author":"RG de Jong","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Jong RG, Gallagher AM, Herrett E, Masclee AA, Janssen-Heijnen ML, de Vries F. Comparability of the age and sex distribution of the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink and the total Dutch population. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2016;25(12):1460\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.4074.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2048_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2009-2_5","volume":"75","author":"PM Grambsch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Grambsch PM. Goodness-of-fit and diagnostics for proportional hazards regression models. Cancer Treat Res. 1995;75:95\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4615-2009-2_5.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Res"},{"issue":"7624","key":"2048_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","volume":"335","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP, et al. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. BMJ. 2007;335(7624):806\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2048_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-016-0007-6","volume":"1","author":"S Heidari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heidari S, Babor TF, De Castro P, Tort S, Curno M. Sex and Gender equity in research: rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use. Res Integr Peer Rev. 2016;1(1):2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41073-016-0007-6.","journal-title":"Res Integr Peer Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2048_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2005.04.001","volume":"7","author":"AU Khand","year":"2005","unstructured":"Khand AU, Shaw M, Gemmel I, Cleland JG. Do discharge codes underestimate hospitalisation due to heart failure? Validation study of hospital discharge coding for heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2005;7(5):792\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejheart.2005.04.001.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"6-7","key":"2048_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2007.01.013","volume":"9","author":"JG Cleland","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cleland JG, Shelton R, Nikitin N, Ford S, Frison L, Grind M. Prevalence of markers of heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation and the effects of ximelagatran compared to warfarin on the incidence of morbid and fatal events: a report from the SPORTIF III and V trials. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9(6-7):730\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejheart.2007.01.013.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"17","key":"2048_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.01.023","volume":"63","author":"DG Wyse","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wyse DG, Van Gelder IC, Ellinor PT, Go AS, Kalman JM, Narayan SM, et al. Lone atrial fibrillation: does it exist? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(17):1715\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.01.023.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"15","key":"2048_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022931","volume":"134","author":"RS Wijesurendra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wijesurendra RS, Liu A, Eichhorn C, Ariga R, Levelt E, Clarke WT, et al. Lone atrial fibrillation is associated with impaired left ventricular energetics that persists despite successful catheter ablation. Circulation. 2016;134(15):1068\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022931.","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"6","key":"2048_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2014.32","volume":"37","author":"AC Carlsson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carlsson AC, Wandell P, Sundquist K, Johansson SE, Sundquist J. Effects of prescribed antihypertensives and other cardiovascular drugs on mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation and hypertension: a cohort study from Sweden. Hypertens Res. 2014;37(6):553\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/hr.2014.32.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2048_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","volume":"42","author":"G Hindricks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2021;42(5):373\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2048_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.016022","volume":"48","author":"K Adelborg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adelborg K, Szepligeti S, Sundboll J, Horvath-Puho E, Henderson VW, Ording A, et al. Risk of stroke in patients with heart failure: a population-based 30-year cohort study. Stroke. 2017;48(5):1161\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.016022.","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"8","key":"2048_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315646","volume":"106","author":"YL Chou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chou YL, Liou JT, Cheng CC, Tsai MC, Lin WS, Cheng SM, et al. The association of ischaemic stroke in patients with heart failure without atrial flutter\/fibrillation. Heart. 2020;106(8):616\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315646.","journal-title":"Heart."},{"key":"2048_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028981","volume":"136","author":"C Magnussen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Magnussen C, Niiranen TJ, Ojeda FM, Gianfagna F, Blankenberg S, Njolstad I, et al. Sex differences and similarities in atrial fibrillation epidemiology, risk factors, and mortality in community cohorts: results from the BiomarCaRE Consortium (Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe). Circulation. 2017;136:1588\u201397.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2048_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu155","volume":"17","author":"GY Lip","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lip GY, Laroche C, Boriani G, Cimaglia P, Dan GA, Santini M, et al. Sex-related differences in presentation, treatment, and outcome of patients with atrial fibrillation in Europe: a report from the Euro Observational Research Programme Pilot survey on Atrial Fibrillation. Europace. 2015;17(1):24\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/euu155.","journal-title":"Europace."},{"issue":"3","key":"2048_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.0529","volume":"1","author":"JP Piccini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Piccini JP, Simon DN, Steinberg BA, Thomas L, Allen LA, Fonarow GC, et al. Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation I and Patients. Differences in clinical and functional outcomes of atrial fibrillation in women and men: two-year results from the ORBIT-AF registry. JAMA Cardiol. 2016;1(3):282\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.0529.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2048_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h7013","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h7013","volume":"532","author":"CA Emdin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Emdin CA, Wong CX, Hsiao AJ, Altman DG, Peters SA, Woodward M, et al. Atrial fibrillation as risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death in women compared with men: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ. 2016;532:h7013.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"4","key":"2048_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-014-0788-x","volume":"104","author":"S Meyer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meyer S, Brouwers FP, Voors AA, Hillege HL, de Boer RA, Gansevoort RT, et al. Sex differences in new-onset heart failure. Clin Res Cardiol. 2015;104(4):342\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00392-014-0788-x.","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"2048_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031622","volume":"137","author":"A Pandey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pandey A, Omar W, Ayers C, LaMonte M, Klein L, Allen NB, et al. Sex and race differences in lifetime risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Circulation. 2018;137(17):1814\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031622.","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"11","key":"2048_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.09.065","volume":"55","author":"M Piro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Piro M, Della Bona R, Abbate A, Biasucci LM, Crea F. Sex-related differences in myocardial remodeling. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(11):1057\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.09.065.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"15","key":"2048_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.541078","volume":"112","author":"MM Redfield","year":"2005","unstructured":"Redfield MM, Jacobsen SJ, Borlaug BA, Rodeheffer RJ, Kass DA. Age- and gender-related ventricular-vascular stiffening: a community-based study. Circulation. 2005;112(15):2254\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.541078.","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"1","key":"2048_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.997","volume":"61","author":"T Coutinho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coutinho T, Borlaug BA, Pellikka PA, Turner ST, Kullo IJ. Sex differences in arterial stiffness and ventricular-arterial interactions. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(1):96\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.997.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"19","key":"2048_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.19.2365","volume":"103","author":"KH Humphries","year":"2001","unstructured":"Humphries KH, Kerr CR, Connolly SJ, Klein G, Boone JA, Green M, et al. New-onset atrial fibrillation: sex differences in presentation, treatment, and outcome. Circulation. 2001;103(19):2365\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.103.19.2365.","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"9766","key":"2048_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60101-3","volume":"377","author":"WT Abraham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abraham WT, Adamson PB, Bourge RC, Aaron MF, Costanzo MR, Stevenson LW, et al. Wireless pulmonary artery haemodynamic monitoring in chronic heart failure: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;377(9766):658\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60101-3.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"18","key":"2048_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi291","volume":"26","author":"FH Rutten","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rutten FH, Cramer MJ, Grobbee DE, Sachs AP, Kirkels JH, Lammers JW, et al. Unrecognized heart failure in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Heart J. 2005;26(18):1887\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi291.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2048_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmh409","volume":"21","author":"K Jordan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jordan K, Porcheret M, Croft P. Quality of morbidity coding in general practice computerized medical records: a systematic review. Fam Pract. 2004;21(4):396\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/fampra\/cmh409.","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"issue":"652","key":"2048_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X687649","volume":"66","author":"C Deaton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deaton C, Benson J. Time for correct diagnosis and categorisation of heart failure in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2016;66(652):554\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3399\/bjgp16X687649.","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"2048_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e005540","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005540","volume":"4","author":"JK Quint","year":"2014","unstructured":"Quint JK, Mullerova H, DiSantostefano RL, Forbes H, Eaton S, Hurst JR, et al. Validation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease recording in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD-GOLD). BMJ Open. 2014;4(7):e005540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005540.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"may20 3","key":"2048_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f2350","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2350","volume":"346","author":"E Herrett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Herrett E, Shah AD, Boggon R, Denaxas S, Smeeth L, van Staa T, et al. Completeness and diagnostic validity of recording acute myocardial infarction events in primary care, hospital care, disease registry, and national mortality records: cohort study. BMJ. 2013;346(may20 3):f2350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.f2350.","journal-title":"BMJ."}],"container-title":["BMC Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-021-02048-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12916-021-02048-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-021-02048-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T01:02:37Z","timestamp":1628557357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12916-021-02048-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-021-02048-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-7015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-7015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for observational research using the CPRD has been granted by a Health Research Authority Research Ethics Committee (East Midlands-Derby, REC reference number 05\/MRE04\/87). Our research protocol complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Independent Scientific Advisory Committee for MHRA Database Research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"179"}}