{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:23:51Z","timestamp":1791379431750,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/W014432\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/W014432\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SP\/19\/3\/34678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SP\/19\/3\/34678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018952","name":"Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018952","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite many systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining the associations of pregnancy complications with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension, previous umbrella reviews have only examined a single pregnancy complication. Here we have synthesised evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the associations of a wide range of pregnancy-related complications with risk of developing T2DM and hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Medline, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from inception until 26 September 2022 for systematic reviews and meta-analysis examining the association between pregnancy complications and risk of T2DM and hypertension. Screening of articles, data extraction and quality appraisal (AMSTAR2) were conducted independently by two reviewers using Covidence software. Data were extracted for studies that examined the risk of T2DM and hypertension in pregnant women with the pregnancy complication compared to pregnant women without the pregnancy complication. Summary estimates of each review were presented using tables, forest plots and narrative synthesis and reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews (PRIOR) guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ten systematic reviews were included. Two pregnancy complications were identified. <jats:italic>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)<\/jats:italic>: One review showed GDM was associated with a 10-fold higher risk of T2DM at least 1\u00a0year after pregnancy (relative risk (RR) 9.51 (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.14 to 12.67) and although the association differed by ethnicity (<jats:italic>white: RR<\/jats:italic> 16.28 (95% CI 15.01 to 17.66), <jats:italic>non-white: RR<\/jats:italic> 10.38 (95% CI 4.61 to 23.39), <jats:italic>mixed: RR<\/jats:italic> 8.31 (95% CI 5.44 to 12.69)), the between subgroups difference were not statistically significant at 5% significance level. Another review showed GDM was associated with higher mean blood pressure at least 3\u00a0months postpartum (<jats:italic>mean difference in systolic blood pressure<\/jats:italic>: 2.57 (95% CI 1.74 to 3.40) mmHg and <jats:italic>mean difference in diastolic blood pressure:<\/jats:italic> 1.89 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.46) mmHg). <jats:italic>Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP)<\/jats:italic>: Three reviews showed women with a history of HDP were 3 to 6 times more likely to develop hypertension at least 6\u00a0weeks after pregnancy compared to women without HDP (meta-analysis with largest number of studies: odds ratio (OR) 4.33 (3.51 to 5.33)) and one review reported a higher rate of T2DM after HDP (hazard ratio (HR) 2.24 (1.95 to 2.58)) at least a year after pregnancy. One of the three reviews and five other reviews reported women with a history of preeclampsia were 3 to 7 times more likely to develop hypertension at least 6\u00a0weeks postpartum (meta-analysis with the largest number of studies: OR 3.90 (3.16 to 4.82) with one of these reviews reporting the association was greatest in women from Asia (<jats:italic>Asia: OR<\/jats:italic> 7.54 (95% CI 2.49 to 22.81), <jats:italic>Europe: OR<\/jats:italic> 2.19 (95% CI 0.30 to 16.02), <jats:italic>North and South America: OR<\/jats:italic> 3.32 (95% CI 1.26 to 8.74)).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>GDM and HDP are associated with a greater risk of developing T2DM and hypertension. Common confounders adjusted for across the included studies in the reviews were maternal age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status, smoking status, pre-pregnancy and current BMI, parity, family history of T2DM or cardiovascular disease, ethnicity, and time of delivery. Further research is needed to evaluate the value of embedding these pregnancy complications as part of assessment for future risk of T2DM and chronic hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03284-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T05:02:26Z","timestamp":1707886946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Association between pregnancy-related complications and development of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in women: an umbrella review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2300-7670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Wambua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelvin","family":"Okoth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kym I. E.","family":"Snell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Yau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakila","family":"Thangaratinam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnarajah","family":"Nirantharakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca L.","family":"Crowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the MuM-PreDiCT Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"3284_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.044784","volume":"125","author":"A Fraser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fraser A, Nelson SM, Macdonald-Wallis C, Cherry L, Butler E, Sattar N, et al. Associations of pregnancy complications with calculated cardiovascular disease risk and cardiovascular risk factors in middle age: the avon longitudinal study of parents and children. Circulation. 2012;125(11):1367\u201380.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxt006","volume":"36","author":"JW Rich-Edwards","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rich-Edwards JW, Fraser A, Lawlor DA, Catov JM. Pregnancy characteristics and women\u2019s future cardiovascular health: an underused opportunity to improve women\u2019s health? Epidemiol Rev. 2014;36(1):57\u201370.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"issue":"7356","key":"3284_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7356.157","volume":"325","author":"N Sattar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sattar N, Greer IA. Pregnancy complications and maternal cardiovascular risk: opportunities for intervention and screening? BMJ. 2002;325(7356):157\u201360.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"3284_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030241","volume":"88","author":"EW Seely","year":"2003","unstructured":"Seely EW, Solomon CG. Insulin resistance and its potential role in pregnancy-induced hypertension. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(6):2393\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"3284_CR5","first-page":"978","volume":"94","author":"PM Bosio","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bosio PM, McKenna PJ, Conroy R, O\u2019Herlihy C. Maternal central hemodynamics in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;94(6):978\u201384.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3284_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70239-5","volume":"180","author":"CW Redman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Redman CW, Sacks GP, Sargent IL. Preeclampsia: an excessive maternal inflammatory response to pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;180(2):499\u2013506.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3284_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2016.126","volume":"40","author":"M Umesawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Umesawa M, Kobashi G. Epidemiology of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: prevalence, risk factors, predictors and prognosis. Hypertens Res. 2017;40(3):213\u201320.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"3284_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e237","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003891","volume":"135","author":"Obstetricians ACo, Gynecologists","year":"2020","unstructured":"Obstetricians ACo, Gynecologists. Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 222. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(6):e237\u201360.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-019-0406-1","volume":"11","author":"S Behboudi-Gandevani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Behboudi-Gandevani S, Amiri M, Bidhendi Yarandi R, Ramezani TF. The impact of diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes on its prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2019;11(1):1\u201318.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"3284_CR10","first-page":"m3502","volume":"371","author":"K Okoth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okoth K, Chandan JS, Marshall T, Thangaratinam S, Thomas GN, Nirantharakumar K, et al. Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2020;371:m3502.","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed)"},{"issue":"6","key":"3284_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000856","volume":"125","author":"L Wilkins-Haug","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wilkins-Haug L, Celi A, Thomas A, Frolkis J, Seely EW. Recognition by women\u2019s health care providers of long-term cardiovascular disease risk after preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;125(6):1287\u201392.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3109\/10641955.2010.544955","volume":"31","author":"B Young","year":"2012","unstructured":"Young B, Hacker MR, Rana S. Physicians\u2019 knowledge of future vascular disease in women with preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2012;31(1):50\u20138.","journal-title":"Hypertens Pregnancy"},{"issue":"9677","key":"3284_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60731-5","volume":"373","author":"L Bellamy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bellamy L, Casas J-P, Hingorani AD, Williams D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet (London, England). 2009;373(9677):1773\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"3","key":"3284_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16545","volume":"128","author":"V Giorgione","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giorgione V, Ridder A, Kalafat E, Khalil A, Thilaganathan B. Incidence of postpartum hypertension within 2 years of a pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG. 2021;128(3):495\u2013503.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"4","key":"3284_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-020-09587-0","volume":"22","author":"MM Pathirana","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pathirana MM, Lassi Z, Ali A, Arstall M, Roberts CT, Andraweera PH. Cardiovascular risk factors in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2021;22(4):729\u201361.","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"3284_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.154012","volume":"102","author":"V Alonso-Ventura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alonso-Ventura V, Li Y, Pasupuleti V, Roman YM, Hernandez AV, Perez-Lopez FR. Effects of preeclampsia and eclampsia on maternal metabolic and biochemical outcomes in later life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2020;102:154012.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"7627","key":"3284_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.385301.BE","volume":"335","author":"L Bellamy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bellamy L, Casas J-P, Hingorani AD, Williams DJ. Pre-eclampsia and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2007;335(7627):974.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"3284_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0194127","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194127","volume":"13","author":"V Bellou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bellou V, Belbasis L, Tzoulaki I, Evangelou E. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: an exposure-wide umbrella review of meta-analyses. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0194127.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"3284_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16683","volume":"128","author":"T Pittara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pittara T, Vyrides A, Lamnisos D, Giannakou K. Pre-eclampsia and long-term health outcomes for mother and infant: an umbrella review. BJOG. 2021;128(9):1421\u201330.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"3","key":"3284_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12469","volume":"61","author":"MS Leslie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leslie MS, Briggs LA. Preeclampsia and the risk of future vascular disease and mortality: a review. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2016;61(3):315\u201324.","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"3284_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv309","volume":"183","author":"DM Haas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haas DM, Ehrenthal DB, Koch MA, Catov JM, Barnes SE, Facco F, et al. Pregnancy as a window to future cardiovascular health: design and implementation of the nuMoM2b heart health study. Am J Epidemiol. 2016;183(6):519\u201330.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3284_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14537","volume":"160","author":"S Adam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adam S, McIntyre HD, Tsoi KY, Kapur A, Ma RC, Dias S, et al. Pregnancy as an opportunity to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus: FIGO Best Practice Advice. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2023;160:56\u201367.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"4","key":"3284_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","volume":"151","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group* P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(4):264\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"3284_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e066476","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066476","volume":"12","author":"M Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh M, Crowe F, Thangaratinam S, Abel KM, Black M, Okoth K, et al. Association of pregnancy complications\/risk factors with the development of future long-term health conditions in women: overarching protocol for umbrella reviews. BMJ Open. 2022;12(12):e066476.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"3284_CR25","unstructured":"MuM-PreDiCT Group. Multimorbidity in pregnancy: determinants, clusters, consequences and trajectories. Available from: https:\/\/mumpredict.org.\u00a0Accessed 20 Feb 2023."},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-51","volume":"12","author":"E Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee E, Dobbins M, DeCorby K, McRae L, Tirilis D, Husson H. An optimal search filter for retrieving systematic reviews and meta-analyses. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2012;12(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"3284_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j4008","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008","volume":"358","author":"BJ Shea","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shea BJ, Reeves BC, Wells G, Thuku M, Hamel C, Moran J, et al. AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. BMJ. 2017;358:j4008.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"3284_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","volume":"355","author":"JA Sterne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC, Savovi\u0107 J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"3284_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-4-201302190-00009","volume":"158","author":"JA Hayden","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hayden JA, van der Windt DA, Cartwright JL, C\u00f4t\u00e9 P, Bombardier C. Assessing bias in studies of prognostic factors. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(4):280\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"3284_CR30","unstructured":"Wells GA, Shea B, O\u2019Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; 2000. Available from: https:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp."},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-11-15","volume":"11","author":"V Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith V, Devane D, Begley CM, Clarke M. Methodology in conducting a systematic review of systematic reviews of healthcare interventions. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2011;11(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3284_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.11.007","volume":"67","author":"D Pieper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pieper D, Antoine S-L, Mathes T, Neugebauer EA, Eikermann M. Systematic review finds overlapping reviews were not mentioned in every other overview. J Clin Epidemiol. 2014;67(4):368\u201375.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"3284_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.10.002","volume":"93","author":"KI Bougioukas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bougioukas KI, Liakos A, Tsapas A, Ntzani E, Haidich A-B. Preferred reporting items for overviews of systematic reviews including harms checklist: a pilot tool to be used for balanced reporting of benefits and harms. J Clin Epidemiol. 2018;93:9\u201324.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"3284_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m3502","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3502","volume":"371","author":"K Okoth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okoth K, Chandan JS, Marshall T, Thangaratinam S, Thomas GN, Nirantharakumar K, et al. Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review. BMJ. 2020;371:m3502.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-018-0768-8","volume":"8","author":"M Pollock","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pollock M, Fernandes RM, Newton AS, Scott SD, Hartling L. A decision tool to help researchers make decisions about including systematic reviews in overviews of reviews of healthcare interventions. Syst Rev. 2019;8(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-018-0914-3","volume":"8","author":"M Pollock","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pollock M, Fernandes RM, Newton AS, Scott SD, Hartling L. The impact of different inclusion decisions on the comprehensiveness and complexity of overviews of reviews of healthcare interventions. Syst Rev. 2019;8(1):1\u201314.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"3284_CR37","first-page":"95","volume":"21","author":"P Fusar-Poli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fusar-Poli P, Radua J. Ten simple rules for conducting umbrella reviews. BMJ Ment Health. 2018;21(3):95\u2013100.","journal-title":"BMJ Ment Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"3284_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","volume":"7","author":"R DerSimonian","year":"1986","unstructured":"DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7(3):177\u201388.","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"9","key":"3284_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-9-199711010-00008","volume":"127","author":"J Lau","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lau J, Ioannidis JP, Schmid CH. Quantitative synthesis in systematic reviews. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127(9):820\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"3284_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","volume":"21","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21(11):1539\u201358.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"3284_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d549","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d549","volume":"342","author":"RD Riley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Riley RD, Higgins JP, Deeks JJ. Interpretation of random effects meta-analyses. BMJ. 2011;342:d549.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2008.00552.x","volume":"172","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Spiegelhalter DJ. A re-evaluation of random-effects meta-analysis. J R Stat Soc A Stat Soc. 2009;172(1):137\u201359.","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc A Stat Soc"},{"issue":"7109","key":"3284_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315(7109):629\u201334.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3284_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Chichester: Wiley; 2019.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"key":"3284_CR45","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing; 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"3284_CR46","unstructured":"RStudio Team. RStudio: integrated development environment for R; 2022. Available from: http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/."},{"issue":"4","key":"3284_CR47","first-page":"153","volume":"22","author":"S Balduzzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Balduzzi S, R\u00fccker G, Schwarzer G. How to perform a meta-analysis with R: a practical tutorial. BMJ Ment Health. 2019;22(4):153\u201360.","journal-title":"BMJ Ment Health"},{"key":"3284_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.02.009","volume":"79","author":"PK Bundhun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bundhun PK, Soogund MZS, Huang F. Impact of systemic lupus erythematosus on maternal and fetal outcomes following pregnancy: a meta-analysis of studies published between years 2001\u20132016. J Autoimmun. 2017;79:17\u201327.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR49","first-page":"97","volume":"6","author":"G Di Cianni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Di Cianni G, Ghio A, Resi V, Volpe L. Gestational diabetes mellitus: an opportunity to prevent type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in young women. Womens Health. 2010;6(1):97\u2013105.","journal-title":"Womens Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"3284_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-013-0314-0","volume":"7","author":"AK Edstedt Bonamy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Edstedt Bonamy AK, Parikh NI. Predicting women\u2019s future cardiovascular health from pregnancy complications. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. 2013;7(3):173\u201382.","journal-title":"Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"3284_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2007.082","volume":"35","author":"L Gortner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gortner L. Intrauterine growth restriction and risk for arterial hypertension: a causal relationship? J Perinat Med. 2007;35(5):361\u20135.","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5262","volume":"25","author":"J Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo J, Chen J-L, Whittemore R, Whitaker E. Postpartum lifestyle interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes among women with history of gestational diabetes: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. J Womens Health (2002). 2016;25(1):38\u201349.","journal-title":"J Womens Health (2002)"},{"key":"3284_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2021.12.017","volume":"27","author":"M Hutchesson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hutchesson M, Campbell L, Leonard A, Vincze L, Shrewsbury V, Collins C, et al. Do modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease post-pregnancy influence the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and cardiovascular health outcomes? A systematic review of observational studies. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2022;27:138\u201347.","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"issue":"19","key":"3284_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1678138","volume":"34","author":"E Jenabi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jenabi E, Afshari M, Khazaei S. The association between preeclampsia and the risk of metabolic syndrome after delivery: a meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021;34(19):3253\u20138.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3284_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4840-2","volume":"62","author":"CK Kramer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kramer CK, Campbell S, Retnakaran R. Gestational diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2019;62(6):905\u201314.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"3284_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2014.06.010","volume":"29","author":"TT Lao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lao TT. The mother - the long-term implications on metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;29(2):244\u201355.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3284_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1586\/17474108.2013.841453","volume":"8","author":"ZS Lassi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lassi ZS, Bhutta ZA. Risk factors and interventions related to maternal and pre-pregnancy obesity, pre-diabetes and diabetes for maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review. Expert Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2013;8(6):639\u201360.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"SUPPL. 1","key":"3284_CR58","first-page":"A431","volume":"62","author":"M Leya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leya M, Armstrong LL, Scheftner DA, Lowe WL, Hayes MG, Lowe LP, et al. Association of plasma glucose and type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes with gestational diabetes. Diabetes. 2013;62(SUPPL. 1):A431.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"3284_CR59","first-page":"A384","volume":"67","author":"M Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li M, Rawal S, Hinkle S, Liu S, Tekolaayele F, Zhang C. Sex hormone-binding globulin, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and gestational diabetes-a longitudinal pregnancy cohort study and a meta-analysis. Diabetes. 2018;67(Supplement 1):A384\u20135.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"3284_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R231","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0321","volume":"175","author":"P Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li P, Shan Z, Zhou L, Xie M, Bao W, Zhang Y, et al. Parity and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016;175(5):R231\u201345.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3284_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.12.300","volume":"172","author":"S Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li S, Xi B. Preterm birth is associated with risk of essential hypertension in later life. Int J Cardiol. 2014;172(2):e361\u20133.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3284_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318818265","volume":"26","author":"W Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li W, Ruan W, Lu Z, Wang D. Parity and risk of maternal cardiovascular disease: a dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019;26(6):592\u2013602.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"3284_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00405","volume":"8","author":"L Liao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liao L, Deng Y, Zhao D. Association of low birth weight and premature birth with the risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:405.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1651-z","volume":"62","author":"Z Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin Z, Wang Y, Zhang B, Jin Z. Association of type 2 diabetes susceptible genes GCKR, SLC30A8, and FTO polymorphisms with gestational diabetes mellitus risk: a meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2018;62(1):34\u201345.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"7","key":"3284_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BSR20200990","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20200990","volume":"40","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J, Song G, Zhao G, Meng T. Lack of association between IGF2BP2 rs4402960 polymorphism and gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Biosci Rep. 2020;40(7):BSR20200990.","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"3284_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45882","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045882","volume":"7","author":"H Mao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mao H, Li Q, Gao S. Meta-analysis of the relationship between common type 2 diabetes risk gene variants with gestational diabetes mellitus. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45882.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3284_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614533","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.614533","volume":"11","author":"HD McIntyre","year":"2020","unstructured":"McIntyre HD, Kapur A, Divakar H, Hod M. Gestational diabetes mellitus-innovative approach to prediction, diagnosis, management, and prevention of future NCD-mother and offspring. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:614533.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3284_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-020-00862-6","volume":"22","author":"AS Minhas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Minhas AS, Ying W, Ogunwole SM, Miller M, Zakaria S, Vaught AJ, et al. The association of adverse pregnancy outcomes and cardiovascular disease: current knowledge and future directions. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2020;22(12):61.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3284_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107804","volume":"35","author":"LE Moore","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moore LE, Voaklander B, Savu A, Yeung RO, Ryan E, Chojecki D, et al. Association between the antepartum oral glucose tolerance test and the risk of future diabetes mellitus among women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Complications. 2021;35(4):107804.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"6","key":"3284_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000127","volume":"26","author":"S Morton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morton S, Kirkwood S, Thangaratinam S. Interventions to modify the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review of literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2014;26(6):476\u201386.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3284_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm6080076","volume":"6","author":"R Neiger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neiger R. Long-term effects of pregnancy complications on maternal health: a review. J Clin Med. 2017;6(8):76.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3284_CR72","first-page":"eA105","volume":"57","author":"E Noctor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Noctor E. Risk associated with development of type 2 DM in gestational diabetes. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2019;57(8):eA105.","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3284_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23374","volume":"43","author":"K Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park K, Minissian MB, Wei J, Saade GR, Smith GN. Contemporary clinical updates on the prevention of future cardiovascular disease in women who experience adverse pregnancy outcomes. Clin Cardiol. 2020;43(6):553\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3284_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2014.09.002","volume":"27","author":"AS Peacock","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peacock AS, Bogossian F, McIntyre HD, Wilkinson S. A review of interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes. Women Birth. 2014;27(4):e7\u201315.","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"issue":"5","key":"3284_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2017.05.002","volume":"11","author":"ALW Pedersen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pedersen ALW, Terkildsen Maindal H, Juul L. How to prevent type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes? A systematic review of behavioural interventions. Prim Care Diabetes. 2017;11(5):403\u201313.","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"3284_CR76","first-page":"200","volume":"17","author":"MB Pons","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pons MB, Badia OA. A systematic review with meta analysis of women with gestational diabetes indicate that they are at risk to suffer diabetes seven times more than normoglycemic women: commentary. FMC Form Med Contin Atencion Prim. 2010;17(3):200.","journal-title":"FMC Form Med Contin Atencion Prim"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"3284_CR77","first-page":"96","volume":"55","author":"M Reddy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reddy M, Palmer K, Rolnik D, Mol B, Wallace E, Costa F. Preeclampsia and long-term cardiovascular function - a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Paediatr Child Health. 2019;55(Supplement 1):96.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"3284_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sangtani A, Alrahmani L, Parikh P. Effect of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on clinical outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;133(SUPPL 1):105S.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000558816.32494.40"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5976","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19733-6","volume":"11","author":"V Steinthorsdottir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Steinthorsdottir V, McGinnis R, Williams NO, Stefansdottir L, Thorleifsson G, Shooter S, et al. Genetic predisposition to hypertension is associated with preeclampsia in European and Central Asian women. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):5976.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3284_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.09.400","volume":"40","author":"A Tranidou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tranidou A, Dagklis T, Tsakiridis I, Siargkas A, Apostolopoulou A, Mamopoulos A, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome after pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;40:539\u201340.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"6","key":"3284_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01464-6","volume":"44","author":"A Tranidou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tranidou A, Dagklis T, Tsakiridis I, Siargkas A, Apostolopoulou A, Mamopoulos A, et al. Risk of developing metabolic syndrome after gestational diabetes mellitus - a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2021;44(6):1139\u201349.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"3284_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001863","volume":"129","author":"MW Varner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Varner MW, Rice MM, Landon MB, Casey BM, Reddy UM, Wapner RJ, et al. Pregnancies after the diagnosis of mild gestational diabetes mellitus and risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;129(2):273\u201380.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3284_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.03.032","volume":"211","author":"S Visser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Visser S, Hermes W, Ket JCF, Otten RHJ, van Pampus MG, Bloemenkamp KWM, et al. Systematic review and metaanalysis on nonclassic cardiovascular biomarkers after hypertensive pregnancy disorders. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;211(4):373.e1-9.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.10.032","volume":"121","author":"Z Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang Z, Kanguru L, Hussein J, Fitzmaurice A, Ritchie K. Incidence of adverse outcomes associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in low- and middle-income countries. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2013;121(1):14\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"13","key":"3284_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e013991","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013991","volume":"9","author":"CCW Lo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lo CCW, Lo ACQ, Leow SH, Fisher G, Corker B, Batho O, et al. Future cardiovascular disease risk for women with gestational hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(13):e013991.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e87863","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087863","volume":"9","author":"Y Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu Y, Shen S, Sun L, Yang H, Jin B, Cao X. Metabolic syndrome risk after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e87863.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7 Supplement","key":"3284_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2020.08.053","volume":"44","author":"G Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao G, Bhatia D, Jung F, Lipscombe L. 47 - risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Diabetes. 2020;44(7 Supplement):S21.","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"3284_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.09.034","volume":"122","author":"K Baptiste-Roberts","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baptiste-Roberts K, Barone BB, Gary TL, Golden SH, Wilson LM, Bass EB, et al. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes among women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review. Am J Med. 2009;122(3):207-14.e4.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3284_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2003.00985.x","volume":"21","author":"A Ben-Haroush","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ben-Haroush A, Yogev Y, Hod M. Epidemiology of gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2004;21(2):103\u201313.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"3284_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933822","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.933822","volume":"9","author":"RJ Burger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burger RJ, Delagrange H, van Valkengoed IGM, de Groot CJM, van den Born BJH, Gordijn SJ, et al. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and cardiovascular disease risk across races and ethnicities: a review. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:933822.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"3284_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109817","volume":"186","author":"S Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao S, Li N, Zhang C, Liu J, Wang H, Leng J, et al. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with an increased risk of postpartum prediabetes and diabetes in Chinese women with gestational diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;186:109817.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"3284_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2217\/17455057.4.2.133","volume":"4","author":"IM Craici","year":"2008","unstructured":"Craici IM, Wagner SJ, Hayman SR, Garovic VD. Pre-eclamptic pregnancies: an opportunity to identify women at risk for future cardiovascular disease. Womens Health (Lond). 2008;4(2):133\u20135.","journal-title":"Womens Health (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2018.1476135","volume":"14","author":"S Farahvar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farahvar S, Walfisch A, Sheiner E. Gestational diabetes risk factors and long-term consequences for both mother and offspring: a literature review. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2019;14(1):63\u201374.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"16","key":"3284_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487317730472","volume":"24","author":"TKJ Groenhof","year":"2017","unstructured":"Groenhof TKJ, van Rijn BB, Franx A, Roeters van Lennep JE, Bots ML, Lely AT. Preventing cardiovascular disease after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Searching for the how and when. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(16):1735\u201345.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3284_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.10.1862","volume":"25","author":"C Kim","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kim C, Newton KM, Knopp RH. Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(10):1862\u20138.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"3284_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1580358","volume":"11","author":"S Krome","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krome S. Gestational diabetes: individual risk assessment for type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Stoffwechsel. 2016;11(4):248\u201350.","journal-title":"Diabetol Stoffwechsel"},{"issue":"7","key":"3284_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3927-2","volume":"59","author":"G Rayanagoudar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rayanagoudar G, Hashi AA, Zamora J, Khan KS, Hitman GA, Thangaratinam S. Quantification of the type 2 diabetes risk in women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 95,750 women. Diabetologia. 2016;59(7):1403\u201311.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"3284_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganesh A, Sarna N, Mehta R, Smith E. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and future risk of stroke: a systematic review (P2. 114). Minneapolis: AAN Enterprises; 2014.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.82.10_supplement.P2.114"},{"key":"3284_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1999","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2021\/e1999","volume":"76","author":"ECDA Veiga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Veiga ECDA, Rocha PRH, Caviola LL, Cardoso VC, Costa FDS, Saraiva MDCP, et al. Previous preeclampsia and its association with the future development of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinics. 2021;76:e1999.","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"issue":"2","key":"3284_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003497","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003497","volume":"10","author":"P Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu P, Haththotuwa R, Kwok CS, Babu A, Kotronias RA, Rushton C, et al. Preeclampsia and future cardiovascular health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(2):e003497.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"13","key":"3284_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15394","volume":"125","author":"L Brouwers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brouwers L, van der Meiden-van Roest AJ, Savelkoul C, Vogelvang TE, Lely AT, Franx A, et al. Recurrence of pre-eclampsia and the risk of future hypertension and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG. 2018;125(13):1642\u201354.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"3284_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108625","volume":"171","author":"RA Dennison","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dennison RA, Chen ES, Green ME, Legard C, Kotecha D, Farmer G, et al. The absolute and relative risk of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 129 studies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021;171:108625.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"3284_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3076463","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3076463","volume":"2020","author":"Z Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Z, Cheng Y, Wang D, Chen H, Chen H, Ming W-K, et al. Incidence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 170,139 women. J Diabetes Res. 2020;2020:3076463.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3284_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12645","volume":"19","author":"C Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Song C, Lyu Y, Li C, Liu P, Li J, Ma RC, et al. Long-term risk of diabetes in women at varying durations after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis with more than 2 million women. Obes Rev. 2018;19(3):421\u20139.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"3284_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-1075-6","volume":"55","author":"Z Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang L, Qiu M, Wang Y, Hou X, et al. Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and risk of type 2 diabetes in later life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2017;55(3):809\u201321.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"12","key":"3284_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4098-x","volume":"59","author":"P Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu P, Kwok CS, Haththotuwa R, Kotronias RA, Babu A, Fryer AA, et al. Pre-eclampsia is associated with a twofold increase in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2016;59(12):2518\u201326.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_852_18","volume":"154","author":"H You","year":"2021","unstructured":"You H, Hu J, Liu Y, Luo B, Lei A. Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review & meta-analysis. Indian J Med Res. 2021;154(1):62\u201377.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"3284_CR108","first-page":"A8043","volume":"159","author":"TEJP Hopmans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hopmans TEJP, Van Houten CB, Kasius A, Kouznetsova OI, Nguyen AL, Rooijmans SV, et al. Increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease after diabetes gravidarum. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2015;159(24):A8043.","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2021.07.134","volume":"25","author":"R Cavalli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cavalli R, Veiga E, Rocha P, Cardoso V, Bettiol H. P-099. Previous preeclampsia and its association with future cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2021;25(1):e61.","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"issue":"10","key":"3284_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1159\/000508036","volume":"145","author":"R Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu R, Wang T, Gu R, Xing D, Ye C, Chen Y, et al. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and risk of cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiology. 2020;145(10):633\u201347.","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3284_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_57_21","volume":"25","author":"SS Gadve","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gadve SS, Chavanda S, Mukherjee AD, Aziz S, Joshi A, Patwardhan M. Risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in south asian women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2021;25(3):176\u201381.","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"3284_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897771","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.897771","volume":"9","author":"J Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu J, Li T, Wang Y, Xue L, Miao Z, Long W, et al. The association between hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and the risk of developing chronic hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:897771.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"30","key":"3284_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29646","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000029646","volume":"101","author":"J Sukmanee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sukmanee J, Liabsuetrakul T. Risk of future cardiovascular diseases in different years postpartum after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2022;101(30):e29646.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"3284_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1361","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1361","volume":"369","author":"E Vounzoulaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vounzoulaki E, Khunti K, Abner SC, Tan BK, Davies MJ, Gillies CL. Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;369:m1361.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"3284_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05343-w","volume":"64","author":"G Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao G, Bhatia D, Jung F, Lipscombe L. Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with prior hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2021;64(3):491\u2013503.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-013-9762-6","volume":"28","author":"MC Brown","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brown MC, Best KE, Pearce MS, Waugh J, Robson SC, Bell R. Cardiovascular disease risk in women with pre-eclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28(1):1\u201319.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3284_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22107","volume":"57","author":"A Dall\u2019Asta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dall\u2019Asta A, D\u2019Antonio F, Saccone G, Buca D, Mastantuoni E, Liberati M, et al. Cardiovascular events following pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia with emphasis on comparison between early- and late-onset forms: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2021;57(5):698\u2013709.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3284_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11726","volume":"73","author":"TKJ Groenhof","year":"2019","unstructured":"Groenhof TKJ, Zoet GA, Franx A, Gansevoort RT, Bots ML, Groen H, et al. Trajectory of cardiovascular risk factors after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: an argument for follow-up. Hypertension. 2019;73(1):171\u20138.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"3284_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181c14e3e","volume":"114","author":"D Berks","year":"2009","unstructured":"Berks D, Steegers EA, Molas M, Visser W. Resolution of hypertension and proteinuria after preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114(6):1307\u201314.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3284_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.09.002","volume":"206","author":"BM Sibai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sibai BM. Etiology and management of postpartum hypertension-preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(6):470\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3284_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-2886","volume":"160","author":"JE Cornell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cornell JE, Mulrow CD, Localio R, Stack CB, Meibohm AR, Guallar E, et al. Random-effects meta-analysis of inconsistent effects: a time for change. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(4):267\u201370.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3284_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1297","volume":"9","author":"R Bender","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bender R, Friede T, Koch A, Kuss O, Schlattmann P, Schwarzer G, et al. Methods for evidence synthesis in the case of very few studies. Res Synth Methods. 2018;9(3):382\u201392.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"15","key":"3284_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8516","volume":"39","author":"RD Riley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Riley RD, Debray TP, Fisher D, Hattle M, Marlin N, Hoogland J, et al. Individual participant data meta-analysis to examine interactions between treatment effect and participant-level covariates: statistical recommendations for conduct and planning. Stat Med. 2020;39(15):2115\u201337.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3284_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt013","volume":"19","author":"C Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang C, Bao W, Rong Y, Yang H, Bowers K, Yeung E, et al. Genetic variants and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2013;19(4):376\u201390.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"7","key":"3284_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29024","volume":"116","author":"CF Semenkovich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Semenkovich CF. Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. J Clin Investig. 2006;116(7):1813\u201322.","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"3284_CR126","first-page":"S195","volume":"99","author":"R Ruksasakul","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ruksasakul R, Tharavanij T, Sritipsukho P. Metabolic syndrome in thai women previously diagnosed with gestational diabetes. J Med Assoc Thailand. 2016;99:S195-202.","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thailand"},{"key":"3284_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.08.025","volume":"91","author":"S Alageel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alageel S, Wright AJ, Gulliford MC. Changes in cardiovascular disease risk and behavioural risk factors before the introduction of a health check programme in England. Prev Med. 2016;91:158\u201363.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"3284_CR128","unstructured":"The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management; 2019. (NICE guideline [NG133])."},{"key":"3284_CR129","unstructured":"The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Type 2 diabetes: prevention in people at high risk; 2017."},{"key":"3284_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j5019","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j5019","volume":"359","author":"J Hippisley-Cox","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C. Development and validation of QDiabetes-2018 risk prediction algorithm to estimate future risk of type 2 diabetes: cohort study. BMJ. 2017;359:j5019.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"3284_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-2-200801150-00005","volume":"148","author":"NI Parikh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parikh NI, Pencina MJ, Wang TJ, Benjamin EJ, Lanier KJ, Levy D, et al. A risk score for predicting near-term incidence of hypertension: the Framingham Heart Study. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(2):102\u201310.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-024-03284-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12916-024-03284-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-024-03284-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T16:06:47Z","timestamp":1708186007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12916-024-03284-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-024-03284-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-7015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-7015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"66"}}