{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:03:10Z","timestamp":1793408590061,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Research Program of Anhui","award":["AHWJ2023BAa20131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHWJ2023BAa20131"]}]},{"name":"Humanity and Social Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee","award":["2024AH052585"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024AH052585"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04039-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]],"date-time":"2025-04-06T19:03:32Z","timestamp":1743966212000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Cumulative social disadvantage and its impact on long COVID: insights from a U.S. national survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Junwei","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"4039_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharma A, Ahmad Farouk I, Lal SK. COVID-19: A Review on the Novel Coronavirus Disease Evolution, Transmission, Detection, Control and Prevention. Viruses. 2021;13(2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v13020202.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020202"},{"issue":"10334","key":"4039_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02796-3","volume":"399","author":"H Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang H, Paulson KR, Pease SA, et al. Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020\u201321. Lancet. 2022;399(10334):1513\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02796-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"4039_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2","volume":"21","author":"HE Davis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davis HE, McCorkell L, Vogel JM, Topol EJ. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21(3):133\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"10453","key":"4039_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01136-X","volume":"404","author":"T Greenhalgh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Greenhalgh T, Sivan M, Perlowski A, Nikolich JZ. Long COVID: a clinical update. Lancet. 2024;404(10453):707\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01136-X.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"4039_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03173-6","volume":"30","author":"Z Al-Aly","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Aly Z, Davis H, McCorkell L, et al. Long COVID science, research and policy. Nat Med. 2024;30(8):2148\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-024-03173-6.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4039_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e221809","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2022.1809","volume":"3","author":"DM Cutler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cutler DM. The Costs of Long COVID. Jama Health Forum. 2022;3(5):e221809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2022.1809.","journal-title":"Jama Health Forum"},{"issue":"6","key":"4039_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.0750","volume":"183","author":"V Tsampasian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsampasian V, Elghazaly H, Chattopadhyay R, et al. Risk Factors Associated With Post-COVID-19 Condition A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Jama Intern Med. 2023;183(6):566\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.0750.","journal-title":"Jama Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4039_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.03.005","volume":"16","author":"YB Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng YB, Zeng N, Yuan K, et al. Prevalence and risk factor for long COVID in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis and systematic review. J Infect Public Health. 2023;16(5):660\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.03.005.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"4039_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S517","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302200","volume":"1044","author":"M Marmot","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marmot M, Allen JJ. Social Determinants of Health Equity. Am J Public Health. 2014;1044:S517\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302200.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"4039_CR10","unstructured":"Samantha Artiga EH. Beyond health care: the role of social determinants in promoting health and health equity. Kaiser Family Foundation. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/issue-brief\/beyond-health-care-the-role-of-social-determinants-in-promoting-health-and-health-equity\/. Accessed 29 Aug 2024."},{"issue":"2","key":"4039_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12505","volume":"99","author":"Z Berger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berger Z, de Jesus VA, Assoumou SA, Greenhalgh T. Long COVID and Health Inequities: The Role of Primary Care. Milbank Q. 2021;99(2):519\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1468-0009.12505.","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"key":"4039_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lukkahatai N, Rodney T, Ling C, Daniel B, Han H. Long COVID in the context of social determinants of health. Front Public Health. 2023;11(1098443). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1098443.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1098443"},{"key":"4039_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Durstenfeld MS, Peluso MJ, Peyser ND, et al. Factors Associated With Long COVID Symptoms in an Online Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023;10(ofad0472). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofad047.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad047"},{"issue":"16","key":"4039_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2436","volume":"323","author":"JF Figueroa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Figueroa JF, Frakt AB, Jha AK. Addressing Social Determinants of Health Time for a Polysocial Risk Score. JAMA. 2020;323(16):1553\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.2436.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"4039_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E422","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(23)00081-6","volume":"8","author":"J Bundy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bundy J, Mills K, He H, et al. Social determinants of health and premature death among adults in the USA from 1999 to 2018: a national cohort study. Lancet Public Health. 2023;8(6):E422\u201331.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"4039_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23336","volume":"30","author":"Z Javed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Javed Z, Valero-Elizondo J, Maqsood MH, et al. Social determinants of health and obesity: Findings from a national study of US adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022;30(2):491\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.23336.","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"4039_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Walker RJ, Williams JS, Linde S, Egede LE. Social Risk and Clinical Outcomes Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Jama Netw Open. 2024;7(e24259968). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.25996.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.25996"},{"issue":"11","key":"4039_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.07.008","volume":"72","author":"RM Carey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carey RM, Muntner P, Bosworth HB, Whelton PK. Prevention and Control of Hypertension JACC Health Promotion Series. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(11):1278\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.07.008.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4039_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2022.00236","volume":"41","author":"LE Egede","year":"2022","unstructured":"Egede LE, Walker RJ, Linde S, et al. Nonmedical Interventions For Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence, Actionable Strategies. And Policy Opportunities Health Aff (Millwood). 2022;41(7):963\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2022.00236.","journal-title":"And Policy Opportunities Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4039_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21160","volume":"23","author":"JB Kirkbride","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kirkbride JB, Anglin DM, Colman I, et al. The social determinants of mental health and disorder: evidence, prevention and recommendations. World Psychiatry. 2024;23(1):58\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.21160.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"4039_CR21","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health Interview Survey. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhis\/index.html. Accessed 29 August 2024."},{"key":"4039_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hagan K, Javed Z, Cainzos-Achirica M, et al. Cumulative social disadvantage and health-related quality of life: national health interview survey 2013\u20132017. Bmc Public Health. 2023;23(17101). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-16168-8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16168-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"4039_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-023-01567-9","volume":"11","author":"Z Javed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Javed Z, Valero-Elizondo J, Cainzos-Achirica M, et al. Race, Social Determinants of Health, and Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in the United States. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024;11(2):853\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-023-01567-9.","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"issue":"3","key":"4039_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccao.2023.07.010","volume":"6","author":"DI Satti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Satti DI, Chan JSK, Dee EC, et al. Associations Between Social Determinants of Health and Cardiovascular Health of US Adult Cancer Survivors. Jacc Cardiooncol. 2024;6(3):439\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaccao.2023.07.010.","journal-title":"Jacc Cardiooncol"},{"key":"4039_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh GK, Daus GP, Allender M, et al. Social Determinants of Health in the United States: Addressing Major Health Inequality Trends for the Nation, 1935\u20132016. International Journal of Mch and Aids. 2017;6(2):139\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21106\/ijma.236.","DOI":"10.21106\/ijma.236"},{"key":"4039_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Naik H, Tran K, Staples J, Perlis R, Levin A. Psychiatric Symptoms, Treatment Uptake, and Barriers to Mental Health Care Among US Adults With Post-COVID-19 Condition. Jama Netw Open. 2024;7(e2484814). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.8481.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.8481"},{"issue":"1","key":"4039_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.09.010","volume":"521","author":"WC Cockerham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cockerham WC, Hamby BW, Oates GR. The Social Determinants of Chronic Disease. Am J Prev Med. 2017;521(1):S5\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.09.010.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"4039_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S97248","volume":"9","author":"SM McPhail","year":"2016","unstructured":"McPhail SM. Multimorbidity in chronic disease: impact on health care resources and costs. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2016;9:143\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/RMHP.S97248.","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Policy"},{"key":"4039_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2024.07.171","author":"BK Datta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Datta BK, Phillips S. Long COVID and the Higher Risk of Food Insecurity Among Participants and Nonparticipants of Food Assistance Programs in the United States. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jand.2024.07.171.","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"4039_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pfaff ER, Madlock-Brown C, Baratta JM, et al. Coding long COVID: characterizing a new disease through an ICD-10 lens. Bmc Med. 2023;21(581). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-023-02737-6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02737-6"},{"issue":"10","key":"4039_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2023-108930","volume":"80","author":"T Kromydas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kromydas T, Demou E, Edge R, et al. Occupational differences in the prevalence and severity of long-COVID: analysis of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey. Occup Environ Med. 2023;80(10):545\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2023-108930.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"4039_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lenggenhager L, Martischang R, Sauser J, et al. Occupational and community risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among employees of a long-term care facility: an observational study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2022;11(511). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-022-01092-0.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-022-01092-0"},{"key":"4039_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Williams DR, Lawrence JA, Davis BA. Racism and health: Evidence and needed research. Annu Rev Public Health. 2019;40:105\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040218-043750.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040218-043750"},{"key":"4039_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fernandez-de-las-Penas C, Martin-Guerrero JD, Pellicer-Valero OJ, et al. Female Sex Is a Risk Factor Associated with Long-Term Post-COVID Related-Symptoms but Not with COVID-19 Symptoms: The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM Multicenter Study. J Clin Med. 2022;11(4132). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11020413.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020413"},{"issue":"6","key":"4039_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e231310","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2023.1310","volume":"4","author":"NM Stall","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stall NM, Shah NR, Bhushan D. Unpaid Family Caregiving-The Next Frontier of Gender Equity in a Postpandemic Future. Jama Health Forum. 2023;4(6):e231310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2023.1310.","journal-title":"Jama Health Forum"},{"key":"4039_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fernandez Turienzo C, Newburn M, Agyepong A, et al. Addressing inequities in maternal health among women living in communities of social disadvantage and ethnic diversity. Bmc Public Health. 2021;21(1761). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10182-4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10182-4"},{"key":"4039_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oelsner EC, Sun Y, Balte PP, et al. Epidemiologic Features of Recovery From SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Jama Netw Open. 2024;7(e24174406). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.17440.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.17440"},{"key":"4039_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Di Florio DN, Sin J, Coronado MJ, Atwal PS, Fairweather D. Sex differences in inflammation, redox biology, mitochondria and autoimmunity. Redox Biol. 2020;31(101482). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101482.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101482"},{"issue":"7985","key":"4039_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06651-y","volume":"623","author":"J Klein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Klein J, Wood J, Jaycox JR, et al. Distinguishing features of long COVID identified through immune profiling. Nature. 2023;623(7985):139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-06651-y.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"4039_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa815","volume":"72","author":"DBG Tai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tai DBG, Shah A, Doubeni CA, Sia IG, Wieland ML. The Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Racial and Ethnic Minorities in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(4):703\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa815.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4039_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-023-02072-5","volume":"22","author":"J Cohen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cohen J, van der Meulen RY. An intersectional analysis of long COVID prevalence. Int J Equity Health. 2023;22(1):261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12939-023-02072-5.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"4039_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20230371","volume":"180","author":"M Alegria","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alegria M, Alvarez K, Cheng M, Falgas-Bague I. Recent Advances on Social Determinants of Mental Health: Looking Fast Forward. Am J Psychiatry. 2023;180(7):473\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.20230371.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"4039_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berger E, Castagne R, Chadeau-Hyam M, et al. Multi-cohort study identifies social determinants of systemic inflammation over the life course. Nat Commun. 2019;10(773). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-08732-x.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08732-x"},{"key":"4039_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Mello AV, Pereira JL, Leme ACB, et al. Social determinants, lifestyle and diet quality: a population-based study from the 2015 Health Survey of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Public Health Nutr. 2020;23(PII S136898001900348310):1766\u20131777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980019003483.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980019003483"},{"key":"4039_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gangwar RS, Bevan GH, Palanivel R, Das L, Rajagopalan S. Oxidative stress pathways of air pollution mediated toxicity: Recent insights. Redox Biol. 2020;34(101545). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101545.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101545"},{"key":"4039_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharifi-Rad M, Kumar NVA, Zucca P, et al. Lifestyle, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases. Front Physiol. 2020;11(694). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2020.00694.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00694"},{"key":"4039_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chernyak BV, Popova EN, Prikhodko AS, et al. COVID-19 and Oxidative Stress. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2020;85(12\u201313SI):1543\u20131553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/S0006297920120068.","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297920120068"},{"issue":"11","key":"4039_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00244-8","volume":"9","author":"C Steenblock","year":"2021","unstructured":"Steenblock C, Schwarz PEH, Ludwig B, et al. COVID-19 and metabolic disease: mechanisms and clinical management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(11):786\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00244-8.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4039_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048488","volume":"142","author":"L Nicolai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nicolai L, Leunig A, Brambs S, et al. Immunothrombotic Dysregulation in COVID-19 Pneumonia Is Associated With Respiratory Failure and Coagulopathy. Circulation. 2020;142(12):1176\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048488.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"17\u201318","key":"4039_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E474","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.160177","volume":"188","author":"A Andermann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andermann A. Taking action on the social determinants of health in clinical practice: a framework for health professionals. CMAJ. 2016;188(17\u201318):E474\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.160177.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"4039_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.1252","volume":"37","author":"MN Cantor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cantor MN, Thorpe L. Integrating Data On Social Determinants Of Health Into Electronic Health Records. Health Aff (Millwood). 2018;37(4):585\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.1252.","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"}],"container-title":["BMC Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04039-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04039-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04039-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]],"date-time":"2025-04-06T19:03:35Z","timestamp":1743966215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04039-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04039-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-7015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-7015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study involves human subjects. Given the de-identified nature and public availability of the data, institutional review board approval is not required for this work. All research conducted adheres to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"207"}}