{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T10:48:08Z","timestamp":1792838888310,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022YFC2702905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2702905"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["82325043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82325043"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82473646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82473646"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024NSFSC0578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024NSFSC0578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["YJ202346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJ202346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04061-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T23:02:17Z","timestamp":1745794937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Circulating linoleic acid and its interplay with gut microbiota during pregnancy for gestational diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhaonan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangwang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yidan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nianwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianlei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizhuo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yayi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason H. Y.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiong-Fei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4061_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0098-8","volume":"5","author":"HD McIntyre","year":"2019","unstructured":"McIntyre HD, Catalano P, Zhang C, Desoye G, Mathiesen ER, Damm P. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):47.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"12","key":"4061_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00734-y","volume":"18","author":"L Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang L, Tang K, Magee LA, von Dadelszen P, Ekeroma A, Li X, et al. A global view of hypertensive disorders and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022;18(12):760\u201375.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"4061_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2018.05.003","volume":"135","author":"DD Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang DD. Dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: epidemiologic evidence. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2018;135:5\u20139.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"issue":"5","key":"4061_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2008.03.003","volume":"47","author":"L Hodson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hodson L, Skeaff CM, Fielding BA. Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and blood in humans and its use as a biomarker of dietary intake. Prog Lipid Res. 2008;47(5):348\u201380.","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4061_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-1435","volume":"46","author":"M Prada","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prada M, Eichelmann F, Wittenbecher C, Kuxhaus O, Schulze MB. Plasma lipidomic n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in the EPIC-Potsdam prospective cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(4):836\u201344.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"4061_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-0438","volume":"44","author":"SM Mousavi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mousavi SM, Jalilpiran Y, Karimi E, Aune D, Larijani B, Mozaffarian D, et al. Dietary intake of linoleic acid, Its concentrations, and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(9):2173\u201381.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"4061_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30307-8","volume":"5","author":"JHY Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu JHY, Marklund M, Imamura F, Tintle N, Ardisson Korat AV, de Goede J, et al. Omega-6 fatty acid biomarkers and incident type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of individual-level data for 39 740 adults from 20 prospective cohort studies. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(12):965\u201374.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"4061_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836115","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.836115","volume":"9","author":"P Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li P, Hu S, Zhu Y, Sun T, Huang Y, Xu Z, et al. Associations of plasma fatty acid patterns during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus. Front Nutr. 2022;9:836115.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4061_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0118","volume":"185","author":"XF Pan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pan XF, Huang Y, Li X, Wang Y, Ye Y, Chen H, et al. Circulating fatty acids and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: prospective analyses in China. Eur J Endocrinol. 2021;185(1):87\u201397.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4061_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO05348B","volume":"15","author":"N Joshi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Joshi N, Jadhav A, Godhamgaonkar A, Sundrani D, Randhir K, Pisal H, et al. Fatty acids and their metabolites (resolvins) are altered in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Food Funct. 2024;15(6):3023\u201335.","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"11","key":"4061_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4348","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2862","volume":"100","author":"DA Enquobahrie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Enquobahrie DA, Denis M, Tadesse MG, Gelaye B, Ressom HW, Williams MA. Maternal early pregnancy serum metabolites and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(11):4348\u201356.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"4061_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111629","volume":"10","author":"U Andersson-Hall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andersson-Hall U, Carlsson NG, Sandberg AS, Holm\u00e4ng A. Circulating linoleic acid is associated with improved glucose tolerance in women after gestational diabetes. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1629.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"4061_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-020-00138-9","volume":"10","author":"E Ogundipe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ogundipe E, Samuelson S, Crawford MA. Gestational diabetes mellitus prediction? A unique fatty acid profile study. Nutr Diabetes. 2020;10(1):36.","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"4061_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002910","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002910","volume":"16","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Li M, Rahman ML, Hinkle SN, Wu J, Weir NL, et al. Plasma phospholipid n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to cardiometabolic markers and gestational diabetes: a longitudinal study within the prospective NICHD Fetal Growth Studies. PLoS Med. 2019;16(9):e1002910.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4061_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328406","volume":"72","author":"Y Pinto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pinto Y, Frishman S, Turjeman S, Eshel A, Nuriel-Ohayon M, Shtossel O, et al. Gestational diabetes is driven by microbiota-induced inflammation months before diagnosis. Gut. 2023;72(5):918\u201328.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"4061_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14010043","volume":"14","author":"L Mao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mao L, Gao B, Chang H, Shen H. Interaction and metabolic pathways: elucidating the role of gut microbiota in gestational diabetes mellitus pathogenesis. Metabolites. 2024;14(1):43.","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"11","key":"4061_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4093","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21114093","volume":"21","author":"DJ Machate","year":"2020","unstructured":"Machate DJ, Figueiredo PS, Marcelino G, Guimar\u00e3es RCA, Hiane PA, Bogo D, et al. Fatty acid diets: regulation of gut microbiota composition and obesity and its related metabolic dysbiosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(11):4093.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4061_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO02423E","volume":"10","author":"HC Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee HC, Yu SC, Lo YC, Lin IH, Tung TH, Huang SY. A high linoleic acid diet exacerbates metabolic responses and gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese rats with diabetes mellitus. Food Funct. 2019;10(2):786\u201398.","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"3","key":"4061_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1848","volume":"33","author":"BE Metzger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Metzger BE, Gabbe SG, Persson B, Buchanan TA, Catalano PA, Damm P, et al. International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(3):676\u201382.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"4061_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4128","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab346","volume":"106","author":"P Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu P, Chen X, Chu X, Fan M, Ye Y, Wang Y, et al. Association of gut microbiota during early pregnancy with risk of incident gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(10):e4128\u201341.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"4061_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2205289","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202205289","volume":"10","author":"Z Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun Z, Pan XF, Li X, Jiang L, Hu P, Wang Y, et al. The Gut microbiome dynamically associates with host glucose metabolism throughout pregnancy: longitudinal findings from a matched case-control study of gestational diabetes mellitus. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023;10(10):e2205289.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4061_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3707","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47960-8","volume":"15","author":"Z Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Z, Huang H, Xie J, Xu Y, Xu C. Circulating fatty acids and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease mortality in the UK Biobank. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):3707.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"4061_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy089","volume":"108","author":"JT Brenna","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brenna JT, Plourde M, Stark KD, Jones PJ, Lin Y-H. Best practices for the design, laboratory analysis, and reporting of trials involving fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(2):211\u201327.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"4061_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx482","volume":"28","author":"V Chaj\u00e8s","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaj\u00e8s V, Assi N, Biessy C, Ferrari P, Rinaldi S, Slimani N, et al. A prospective evaluation of plasma phospholipid fatty acids and breast cancer risk in the EPIC study. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(11):2836\u201342.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4061_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.07.004","volume":"26","author":"LB Thingholm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thingholm LB, R\u00fchlemann MC, Koch M, Fuqua B, Laucke G, Boehm R, et al. Obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes show different gut microbial functional capacity and composition. Cell Host Microbe. 2019;26(2):252\u201364.e10.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"10","key":"4061_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000142303.49306.0D","volume":"36","author":"L Chasan-Taber","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chasan-Taber L, Schmidt MD, Roberts DE, Hosmer D, Markenson G, Freedson PS. Development and validation of a pregnancy physical activity questionnaire. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(10):1750\u201360.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"6","key":"4061_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00045-0","volume":"9","author":"XF Pan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pan XF, Wang L, Pan A. Epidemiology and determinants of obesity in China. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(6):373\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4061_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3001547","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001547","volume":"20","author":"TG Richardson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Richardson TG, Leyden GM, Wang Q, Bell JA, Elsworth B, Davey Smith G, et al. Characterising metabolomic signatures of lipid-modifying therapies through drug target mendelian randomisation. PLoS Biol. 2022;20(2):e3001547.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4061_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36490-4","volume":"14","author":"Z Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Z, Qin Y, Wu T, Tubbs JD, Baum L, Mak TSH, et al. Reciprocal causation mixture model for robust Mendelian randomization analysis using genome-scale summary data. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):1131.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"4061_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz200","volume":"48","author":"D Gill","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gill D, Efstathiadou A, Cawood K, Tzoulaki I, Dehghan A. Education protects against coronary heart disease and stroke independently of cognitive function: evidence from Mendelian randomization. Int J Epidemiol. 2019;48(5):1468\u201377.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4061_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280210394459","volume":"21","author":"TM Palmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Palmer TM, Lawlor DA, Harbord RM, Sheehan NA, Tobias JH, Timpson NJ, et al. Using multiple genetic variants as instrumental variables for modifiable risk factors. Stat Methods Med Res. 2012;21(3):223\u201342.","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"4061_CR32","first-page":"2681","volume":"187","author":"J Bowden","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bowden J, Hemani G, Davey SG. Invited commentary: detecting individual and global horizontal pleiotropy in mendelian randomization-a job for the humble heterogeneity statistic? Am J Epidemiol. 2018;187(12):2681\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4061_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","volume":"50","author":"M Verbanck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verbanck M, Chen CY, Neale B, Do R. Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nat Genet. 2018;50(5):693\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4061_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000559","volume":"28","author":"S Burgess","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burgess S, Bowden J, Fall T, Ingelsson E, Thompson SG. Sensitivity analyses for robust causal inference from mendelian randomization analyses with multiple genetic variants. Epidemiology. 2017;28(1):30\u201342.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4061_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol. 1995;57(1):289\u2013300.","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4061_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01842-0","volume":"18","author":"Z Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang Z, Sun TY, He Y, Gou W, Zuo LS, Fu Y, et al. Dietary fruit and vegetable intake, gut microbiota, and type 2 diabetes: results from two large human cohort studies. BMC Med. 2020;18(1):371.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4061_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-01223-3","volume":"27","author":"DD Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang DD, Nguyen LH, Li Y, Yan Y, Ma W, Rinott E, et al. The gut microbiome modulates the protective association between a Mediterranean diet and cardiometabolic disease risk. Nat Med. 2021;27(2):333\u201343.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4061_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02424-2","volume":"29","author":"L Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin L, Yi X, Liu H, Meng R, Li S, Liu X, et al. The airway microbiome mediates the interaction between environmental exposure and respiratory health in humans. Nat Med. 2023;29(7):1750\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4061_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1175-y","volume":"15","author":"RK Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh RK, Chang H-W, Yan D, Lee KM, Ucmak D, Wong K, et al. Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health. J Transl Med. 2017;15(1):73.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"7484","key":"4061_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","volume":"505","author":"LA David","year":"2014","unstructured":"David LA, Maurice CF, Carmody RN, Gootenberg DB, Button JE, Wolfe BE, et al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2014;505(7484):559\u201363.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"4061_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05249-7","volume":"9","author":"JM Natividad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Natividad JM, Lamas B, Pham HP, Michel M-L, Rainteau D, Bridonneau C, et al. Bilophila wadsworthia aggravates high fat diet induced metabolic dysfunctions in mice. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):2802.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"4061_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0412","volume":"42","author":"G Zong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zong G, Liu G, Willett WC, Wanders AJ, Alssema M, Zock PL, et al. Associations between linoleic acid intake and incident type 2 diabetes among U.S. men and women. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(8):1406\u201313.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"4061_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2018.03.001","volume":"132","author":"MA Belury","year":"2018","unstructured":"Belury MA, Cole RM, Snoke DB, Banh T, Angelotti A. Linoleic acid, glycemic control and type 2 diabetes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2018;132:30\u20133.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"issue":"21","key":"4061_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277153","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1277153","volume":"14","author":"H Liang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang H, Mu H-B, Zhang F-H, Li W-Q, Li G-C, Li W-D, et al. Causal relationship between linoleic acid and type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14(21):1277153.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"12","key":"4061_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-0641-4","volume":"74","author":"A Chandra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chandra A, R\u00f8sj\u00f8 H, Svensson M, Vigen T, Ihle-Hansen H, Orstad EB, et al. Plasma linoleic acid levels and cardiovascular risk factors: results from the Norwegian ACE 1950 Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020;74(12):1707\u201317.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"4061_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636272","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.636272","volume":"12","author":"X Yuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan X, Chen R, Zhang Y, Lin X, Yang X, McCormick KL. Gut microbiota of chinese obese children and adolescents with and without insulin resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:636272.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"9","key":"4061_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"nzaa136","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzaa136","volume":"4","author":"RM Cole","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cole RM, Puchala S, Ke JY, Abdel-Rasoul M, Harlow K, O\u2019Donnell B, et al. Linoleic acid-rich oil supplementation increases total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin and alters plasma oxylipins in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Curr Dev Nutr. 2020;4(9):nzaa136.","journal-title":"Curr Dev Nutr"},{"key":"4061_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zusi C, Csermely A, Rinaldi E, Bertoldo K, Bonetti S, Boselli ML, et al. Crosstalk between genetic variability of adiponectin and leptin, glucose-insulin system and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The Verona Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Study 14. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023;25(9):2650\u20138.","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15152"},{"issue":"7610","key":"4061_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18846","volume":"535","author":"JL Sonnenburg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sonnenburg JL, B\u00e4ckhed F. Diet-microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism. Nature. 2016;535(7610):56\u201364.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"4061_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4007","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11978-0","volume":"10","author":"J Miyamoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miyamoto J, Igarashi M, Watanabe K, Karaki SI, Mukouyama H, Kishino S, et al. Gut microbiota confers host resistance to obesity by metabolizing dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):4007.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"10","key":"4061_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0631","volume":"43","author":"Z Miao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miao Z, Lin JS, Mao Y, Chen GD, Zeng FF, Dong HL, et al. Erythrocyte n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, gut microbiota, and incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(10):2435\u201343.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["BMC Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04061-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04061-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04061-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T23:02:20Z","timestamp":1745794940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04061-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04061-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-7015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-7015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study involves human participants and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (2017-S225). Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have approved the publication of this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"245"}}