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MIND diet score, Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), Recommended Food Score (RFS), and Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) were computed using the Oxford WebQ. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>193,983 participants were included in the CVD analyses, and 190,529 for arrhythmias. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of MIND diet score, participants in the highest quartile had a lower risk of CVD (HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.81\u20130.91), ischemic heart disease (0.92; 0.85\u20130.98), stroke (0.86; 0.75\u20130.97), heart failure (0.79; 0.71\u20130.88), and total arrhythmias (0.93; 0.88\u20130.99), after adjusting for demographics, lifestyle, and chronic conditions. With further adjustment for metabolic profiles, the associations remain significant for CVD and its subtypes but become non-significant for arrhythmias. Strengths of association varied across diet scores, with associations for MEDAS (CVD and arrhythmias) and MIND (CVD subtypes). The associations with CVD were linear for MIND and MEDAS and non-linear for RFS. The association between MEDAS and arrhythmias was non-linear. We observed significant interactions by age and obesity for CVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MIND diet was associated with CVD and arrhythmias, relying on a single day of dietary data to derive dietary patterns. The findings suggest that following the MIND diet was associated with a lower risk of CVD, heart failure specifically, and arrhythmias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04546-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T23:06:09Z","timestamp":1764716769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet and cardiovascular disease and arrhythmias"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Pei","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick K.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Celis-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill P.","family":"Pell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4546_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. 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