{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:15:07Z","timestamp":1791944107239,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["823B2069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["823B2069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82203881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82203881"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20327"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["7222021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7222021"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme","award":["QMS20201102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QMS20201102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04575-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T05:55:47Z","timestamp":1768197347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on gut and intratumoral microbiome and its association with immunotherapy response in gastrointestinal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Keren","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Die","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoxin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanshuo","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuangzhao","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4575_CR1","first-page":"209","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209\u201349.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"16","key":"4575_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199110173251603","volume":"325","author":"J Parsonnet","year":"1991","unstructured":"Parsonnet J, Friedman GD, Vandersteen DP, Chang Y, Vogelman JH, Orentreich N, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of gastric carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(16):1127\u201331.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4575_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00070-5","volume":"8","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Choi H, Leung K, Jiang F, Graham DY, Leung WK. Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection between 1980 and 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;8(6):553\u201364.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4575_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.0013","volume":"4","author":"CS Fuchs","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fuchs CS, Doi T, Jang RW, Muro K, Satoh T, Machado M, et al. Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: phase 2 clinical KEYNOTE-059 trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(5):e180013.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4575_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.3370","volume":"6","author":"K Shitara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shitara K, Van Cutsem E, Bang YJ, Fuchs C, Wyrwicz L, Lee KW, et al. Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab or pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone for patients with first-line, advanced gastric cancer: the KEYNOTE-062 phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2020;6(10):1571\u201380.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4575_CR6","volume":"5","author":"K Jia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jia K, Chen Y, Xie Y, Wang X, Hu Y, Sun Y, et al. Helicobacter pylori and immunotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer. Innovation. 2024;5(2):100561.","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"issue":"6","key":"4575_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0332-7","volume":"30","author":"D Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng D, Liwinski T, Elinav E. Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease. Cell Res. 2020;30(6):492\u2013506.","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"4575_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373504","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1373504","volume":"15","author":"M Constantin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Constantin M, Chifiriuc MC, Mihaescu G, Corcionivoschi N, Burlibasa L, Bleotu C, et al. Microbiome and cancer: from mechanistic implications in disease progression and treatment to development of novel antitumoral strategies. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1373504.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4575_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12050793","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhu N, Su X, Gao Y, Yang R. Gut-microbiota-derived metabolites maintain gut and systemic immune homeostasis. Cells. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12050793.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"4575_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12754","volume":"25","author":"ZH Tao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tao ZH, Han JX, Fang JY. Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication: exploring their impacts on the gastrointestinal microbiota. Helicobacter. 2020;25(6):e12754.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"issue":"5","key":"4575_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310376","volume":"65","author":"F Imhann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Imhann F, Bonder MJ, Vich Vila A, Fu J, Mujagic Z, Vork L, et al. Proton pump inhibitors affect the gut microbiome. Gut. 2016;65(5):740\u20138.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"4575_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X16663395","volume":"9","author":"HL Waldum","year":"2016","unstructured":"Waldum HL, Kleveland PM, Sordal OF. Helicobacter pylori and gastric acid: an intimate and reciprocal relationship. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2016;9(6):836\u201344.","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4575_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03770-x","author":"YJ Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu YJ, Liu XD, Liao C, Yu R, Wang X, Li M, et al. Targeting gut microbiota for immunotherapy of diseases. Arch Toxicol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03770-x.","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4575_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.11.018","volume":"14","author":"Y Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu Y, Li J, Cai W, Huang Y, Liu X, Ma Z, et al. The emerging tumor microbe microenvironment: from delineation to multidisciplinary approach-based interventions. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2024;14(4):1560\u201391.","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"issue":"1","key":"4575_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31740-3","volume":"13","author":"K Lehr","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lehr K, Nikitina D, Vilchez-Vargas R, Steponaitiene R, Thon C, Skieceviciene J, et al. Microbial composition of tumorous and adjacent gastric tissue is associated with prognosis of gastric cancer. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):4640.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"4575_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad083","volume":"115","author":"DA Byrd","year":"2023","unstructured":"Byrd DA, Fan W, Greathouse KL, Wu MC, Xie H, Wang X. The intratumor microbiome is associated with microsatellite instability. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2023;115(8):989\u201393.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"3","key":"4575_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3999","volume":"42","author":"L Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou L, Zhang W, Fan S, Wang D, Tang D. The value of intratumoral microbiota in the diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. Cell Biochem Funct. 2024;42(3):e3999.","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Funct"},{"issue":"4","key":"4575_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101488","volume":"5","author":"Y Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma Y, Chen H, Li H, Zheng M, Zuo X, Wang W, et al. Intratumor microbiome-derived butyrate promotes lung cancer metastasis. Cell Rep Med. 2024;5(4):101488.","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"4575_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01688-w","volume":"41","author":"A Blanco-Miguez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Blanco-Miguez A, Beghini F, Cumbo F, McIver LJ, Thompson KN, Zolfo M, et al. Extending and improving metagenomic taxonomic profiling with uncharacterized species using MetaPhlAn 4. Nat Biotechnol. 2023;41(11):1633\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4575_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R60","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60","volume":"12","author":"N Segata","year":"2011","unstructured":"Segata N, Izard J, Waldron L, Gevers D, Miropolsky L, Garrett WS, et al. Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation. Genome Biol. 2011;12(6):R60.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4575_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17041-7","volume":"11","author":"H Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin H, Peddada SD. Analysis of compositions of microbiomes with bias correction. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):3514.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"4575_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0406-6","volume":"25","author":"J Wirbel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wirbel J, Pyl PT, Kartal E, Zych K, Kashani A, Milanese A, et al. Meta-analysis of fecal metagenomes reveals global microbial signatures that are specific for colorectal cancer. Nat Med. 2019;25(4):679\u201389.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"4575_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2018.03.006","volume":"66","author":"M Naseem","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naseem M, Barzi A, Brezden-Masley C, Puccini A, Berger MD, Tokunaga R, et al. Outlooks on Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 2018;66:15\u201322.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"4575_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00686","volume":"41","author":"T Andre","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andre T, Tougeron D, Piessen G, de la Fouchardiere C, Louvet C, Adenis A, et al. Neoadjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab and adjuvant nivolumab in localized deficient mismatch repair\/microsatellite instability-high gastric or esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma: the GERCOR NEONIPIGA phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41(2):255\u201365.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4575_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.07.001","volume":"33","author":"F Peyraud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peyraud F, Guegan JP, Bodet D, Nafia I, Fontan L, Auzanneau C, et al. Circulating L-arginine predicts the survival of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(10):1041\u201351.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4575_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13011","volume":"19","author":"LS Weyrich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weyrich LS, Farrer AG, Eisenhofer R, Arriola LA, Young J, Selway CA, et al. Laboratory contamination over time during low-biomass sample analysis. Mol Ecol Resour. 2019;19(4):982\u201396.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"4575_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-014-0087-z","volume":"12","author":"SJ Salter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salter SJ, Cox MJ, Turek EM, Calus ST, Cookson WO, Moffatt MF, et al. Reagent and laboratory contamination can critically impact sequence-based microbiome analyses. BMC Biol. 2014;12:87.","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"issue":"28","key":"4575_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-022-02377-9","volume":"41","author":"C Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu C, Ng SK, Ding Y, Lin Y, Liu W, Wong SH, et al. Meta-analysis of mucosal microbiota reveals universal microbial signatures and dysbiosis in gastric carcinogenesis. Oncogene. 2022;41(28):3599\u2013610.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"6","key":"4575_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12145","volume":"19","author":"CS Eun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eun CS, Kim BK, Han DS, Kim SY, Kim KM, Choi BY, et al. Differences in gastric mucosal microbiota profiling in patients with chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric cancer using pyrosequencing methods. Helicobacter. 2014;19(6):407\u201316.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"4575_CR30","unstructured":"Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology. Mucosal biopsies metagenome Metagenome. BioProject, NCBI https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/?term=PRJNA239281 (2014)."},{"key":"4575_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bachem A, Makhlouf C, Binger KJ, de Souza DP, Tull D, Hochheiser K, Whitney PG, Fernandez-Ruiz D, Dahling S, Kastenmuller W et al. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids promote the memory potential of antigen-activated CD8(+) T Cells. Immunity. 2019;51(2):285\u2013297 e285.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.06.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"4575_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24331-1","volume":"12","author":"M Luu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luu M, Riester Z, Baldrich A, Reichardt N, Yuille S, Busetti A, et al. Microbial short-chain fatty acids modulate CD8(+) T cell responses and improve adoptive immunotherapy for cancer. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):4077.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4575_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107407","volume":"202","author":"FCA Moraes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moraes FCA, Sobreira LER, Kelly FA, Rodriguez Burbano RM. Impact of helicobacter pylori infection status on outcomes among patients with gastric cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog. 2025;202:107407.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"4575_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-007699","author":"PT Magahis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Magahis PT, Maron SB, Cowzer D, King S, Schattner M, Janjigian Y, et al. Impact of Helicobacter pylori infection status on outcomes among patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Immunother Cancer. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2023-007699.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"4575_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1909459","volume":"13","author":"CC Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen CC, Liou JM, Lee YC, Hong TC, El-Omar EM, Wu MS. The interplay between Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal microbiota. Gut Microbes. 2021;13(1):1\u201322.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"9","key":"4575_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319696","volume":"69","author":"Y Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo Y, Zhang Y, Gerhard M, Gao JJ, Mejias-Luque R, Zhang L, et al. Effect of Helicobacter pylori on gastrointestinal microbiota: a population-based study in Linqu, a high-risk area of gastric cancer. Gut. 2020;69(9):1598\u2013607.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"4575_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02589-z","volume":"22","author":"S Xi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xi S, Jing L, Lili W, Tingting L, Jun L, Ming W, et al. Magnetic controlled capsule endoscope (MCCE)\u2019s diagnostic performance for H. pylori infection status based on the Kyoto classification of gastritis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2022;22(1):502.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4575_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101355","volume":"5","author":"S Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng S, Han Z, Dai D, Li F, Zhang X, Lu M, et al. Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in patients with microsatellite-instability-high gastrointestinal cancer resistant to immunotherapy. Cell Rep Med. 2024;5(1):101355.","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4575_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1312","volume":"13","author":"Z Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han Z, Cheng S, Dai D, Kou Y, Zhang X, Li F, et al. The gut microbiome affects response of treatments in HER2-negative advanced gastric cancer. Clin Transl Med. 2023;13(7):e1312.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4575_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01541-w","volume":"17","author":"Z Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Z, Xiong W, Liang Z, Wang J, Zeng Z, Kolat D, et al. Critical role of the gut microbiota in immune responses and cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol. 2024;17(1):33.","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4575_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2249143","volume":"15","author":"X Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu X, Li K, Liu G, Wu R, Zhang Y, Wang S, et al. Microbial metabolite butyrate promotes anti-PD-1 antitumor efficacy by modulating T cell receptor signaling of cytotoxic CD8 T cell. Gut Microbes. 2023;15(2):2249143.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"4575_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He Y, Fu L, Li Y, Wang W, Gong M, Zhang J, Dong X, Huang J, Wang Q, Mackay CR et al: Gut microbial metabolites facilitate anticancer therapy efficacy by modulating cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell immunity. Cell Metab. 2021;33(5):988\u20131000 e1007.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.03.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"4575_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42997-7","volume":"14","author":"R Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu R, Zou Y, Wang WQ, Chen JH, Zhang L, Feng J, et al. Gut microbial structural variation associates with immune checkpoint inhibitor response. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):7421.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"4575_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.09.011","volume":"31","author":"M Bandini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bandini M, Gibb EA, Gallina A, Raggi D, Marandino L, Bianchi M, et al. Does the administration of preoperative pembrolizumab lead to sustained remission post-cystectomy? First survival outcomes from the PURE-01 study(\u2606). Ann Oncol. 2020;31(12):1755\u201363.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4575_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.12.014","volume":"85","author":"F Pederzoli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pederzoli F, Riba M, Venegoni C, Marandino L, Bandini M, Alchera E, et al. Stool microbiome signature associated with response to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Eur Urol. 2024;85(5):417\u201321.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"4575_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang SS, Xie YL, Xiao XY, Kang ZR, Lin XL, Zhang L, Li CS, Qian Y, Xu PP, Leng XX et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum-derived succinic acid induces tumor resistance to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cell Host Microbe. 2023;31(5):781\u2013797 e789.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.04.010"},{"key":"4575_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X, Fang Y, Liang W, Wong CC, Qin H, Gao Y, Liang M, Song L, Zhang Y, Fan M et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum facilitates anti-PD-1 therapy in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell. 2024;42(10):1729\u20131746 e1728.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.08.019"},{"key":"4575_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geiger R, Rieckmann JC, Wolf T, Basso C, Feng Y, Fuhrer T, Kogadeeva M, Picotti P, Meissner F, Mann M et al. L-arginine modulates t cell metabolism and enhances survival and anti-tumor activity. Cell. 2016, 167(3):829\u2013842 e813.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.09.031"},{"issue":"1","key":"4575_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-023-02614-3","volume":"42","author":"J Lv","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lv J, Li K, Yu H, Han J, Zhuang J, Yu R, et al. HNRNPL induced circFAM13B increased bladder cancer immunotherapy sensitivity via inhibiting glycolysis through IGF2BP1\/PKM2 pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2023;42(1):41.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"4575_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-007146","author":"N Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu N, Yan M, Tao Q, Wu J, Chen J, Chen X, et al. Inhibition of TCA cycle improves the anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy in melanoma cells via ATF3-mediated PD-L1 expression and glycolysis. J Immunother Cancer. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2023-007146.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"4575_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032606","author":"C Chelakkot","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chelakkot C, Chelakkot VS, Shin Y, Song K. Modulating glycolysis to improve cancer therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24032606.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"4575_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-024-00908-9","volume":"21","author":"SY Kwon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kwon SY, Thi-Thu Ngo H, Son J, Hong Y, Min JJ. Exploiting bacteria for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2024;21(8):569\u201389.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6494","key":"4575_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay9189","volume":"368","author":"D Nejman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nejman D, Livyatan I, Fuks G, Gavert N, Zwang Y, Geller LT, et al. The human tumor microbiome is composed of tumor type-specific intracellular bacteria. Science. 2020;368(6494):973\u201380.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4575_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.08.019","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang X, Fang Y, Liang W, Wong CC, Qin H, Gao Y, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum facilitates anti-PD-1 therapy in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.08.019.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"18","key":"4575_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-23-1857","volume":"83","author":"KS Sfanos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sfanos KS. Intratumoral bacteria as mediators of cancer immunotherapy response. Cancer Res. 2023;83(18):2985\u20136.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"48","key":"4575_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26296","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c09472","volume":"145","author":"X Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu X, Sun M, Pu F, Ren J, Qu X. Transforming intratumor bacteria into immunopotentiators to reverse cold tumors for enhanced immuno-chemodynamic therapy of triple-negative breast cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2023;145(48):26296\u2013307.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"4575_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0042-2018","author":"J Abranches","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abranches J, Zeng L, Kajfasz JK, Palmer SR, Chakraborty B, Wen ZT, et al. Biology of oral streptococci. Microbiol Spectr. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0042-2018.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"4575_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou CB, Pan SY, Jin P, Deng JW, Xue JH, Ma XY, Xie YH, Cao H, Liu Q, Xie WF et al. Fecal signatures of Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus constellatus for noninvasive screening and early warning of gastric cancer. Gastroenterol. 2022;162(7):1933\u20131947 e1918.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.02.015"},{"issue":"42","key":"4575_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7340","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i42.7340","volume":"27","author":"MW Chung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chung MW, Kim MJ, Won EJ, Lee YJ, Yun YW, Cho SB, et al. Gut microbiome composition can predict the response to nivolumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2021;27(42):7340\u20139.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"23","key":"4575_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202205563","volume":"10","author":"R Qu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qu R, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhou X, Sun L, Jiang C, et al. Role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in tumorigenesis or development of colorectal cancer. Adv Sci. 2023;10(23):e2205563.","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"4575_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330291","volume":"72","author":"X Kang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kang X, Liu C, Ding Y, Ni Y, Ji F, Lau HCH, et al. Roseburia intestinalis generated butyrate boosts anti-PD-1 efficacy in colorectal cancer by activating cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells. Gut. 2023;72(11):2112\u201322.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"4575_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01779-2","volume":"28","author":"EM Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park EM, Chelvanambi M, Bhutiani N, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L, Wargo JA. Targeting the gut and tumor microbiota in cancer. Nat Med. 2022;28(4):690\u2013703.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4575_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2021.01.010","volume":"7","author":"CB Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou CB, Zhou YL, Fang JY. Gut microbiota in cancer immune response and immunotherapy. Trends Cancer. 2021;7(7):647\u201360.","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"issue":"6371","key":"4575_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4236","volume":"359","author":"V Gopalakrishnan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gopalakrishnan V, Spencer CN, Nezi L, Reuben A, Andrews MC, Karpinets TV, et al. Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients. Science. 2018;359(6371):97\u2013103.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6694","key":"4575_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adh7954","volume":"384","author":"E Giampazolias","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giampazolias E, da Pereira Costa M, Lam KC, Lim KHJ, Cardoso A, Piot C, et al. Vitamin D regulates microbiome-dependent cancer immunity. Science. 2024;384(6694):428\u201337.","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["BMC Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04575-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04575-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04575-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T14:08:28Z","timestamp":1770646108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04575-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04575-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-7015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-7015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Tumor samples and clinical data were collected and used in accordance with the principles set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki, with approval from the Ethics Committee of Peking University Cancer Hospital (2024KT154). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"79"}}