{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T19:01:39Z","timestamp":1790449299283,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UQ Graduate School Scholarship (RTP)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UQ Graduate School Scholarship (RTP)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Scott Sullivan MND Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Scott Sullivan MND Research Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Faculty of Medicine"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Faculty of Medicine"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016887","name":"Motor Neurone Disease Research Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TU2201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TU2201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016887","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016887","name":"Motor Neurone Disease Research Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDF2112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDF2112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016887","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001077","name":"Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Scott Sullivan MND Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Scott Sullivan MND Research Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MND and Me Foundation","award":["Scott Sullivan MND Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Scott Sullivan MND Research Fellowship"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014012","name":"FightMND","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Scott Sullivan MND Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Scott Sullivan MND Research Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014012","name":"FightMND","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Collaborative Initiative Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Collaborative Initiative Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011890","name":"Wesley Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP2029871"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP2029871"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-026-04763-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T08:06:49Z","timestamp":1774598809000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["White matter changes in reward circuits of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a fixel-based study of appetite loss"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jeryn","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Lipscombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinglei","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela A.","family":"McCombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyuan T.","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik J.","family":"Steyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas B.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9769","key":"4763_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61156-7","volume":"377","author":"MC Kiernan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kiernan MC, Vucic S, Cheah BC, Turner MR, Eisen A, Hardiman O, et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet. 2011;377(9769):942\u201355.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"4763_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-023-00845-8","volume":"19","author":"A Ludolph","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ludolph A, Dupuis L, Kasarskis E, Steyn F, Ngo S, McDermott C. Nutritional and metabolic factors in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol. 2023;19(9):511\u201324.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4763_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf111","volume":"7","author":"J Chang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chang J, Shaw TB, McCombe PA, Henderson RD, Lucia D, Guo CC, et al. Appetite loss in patients with motor neuron disease: impact on weight loss and neural correlates of visual food cues. Brain Commun. 2025;7(2):fcaf111.","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"4763_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067783","volume":"8","author":"E Lindauer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lindauer E, Dupuis L, M\u00fcller HP, Neumann H, Ludolph AC, Kassubek J. Adipose tissue distribution predicts survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e67783.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4763_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-820107-7.00020-3","volume":"180","author":"RM Ahmed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmed RM, Steyn F, Dupuis L. Hypothalamus and weight loss in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Handb Clin Neurol. 2021;180:327\u201338.","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"4763_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12709","author":"S Gabery","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gabery S, Ahmed RM, Caga J, Kiernan MC, Halliday GM, Peters\u00e9n \u00c5. Loss of the metabolism and sleep regulating neuronal populations expressing orexin and oxytocin in the hypothalamus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nan.12709.","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4763_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209603","volume":"103","author":"A Michielsen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Michielsen A, van Veenhuijzen K, van Janse Mantgem MR, van Es MA, Veldink JH, van Eijk RPA, et al. Association between hypothalamic volume and metabolism, cognition, and behavior in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology. 2024;103(2):e209603.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4763_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15589","volume":"30","author":"J Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang J, Shaw TB, Holdom CJ, McCombe PA, Henderson RD, Fripp J, et al. Lower hypothalamic volume with lower body mass index is associated with shorter survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2023;30(1):57\u201368.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4763_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-326854","volume":"92","author":"P Bede","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bede P, Chipika RH, Christidi F, Hengeveld JC, Karavasilis E, Argyropoulos GD, et al. Genotype-associated cerebellar profiles in ALS: focal cerebellar pathology and cerebro-cerebellar connectivity alterations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2021;92(11):1197\u2013205.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"4763_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2024.2405130","volume":"26","author":"J Kleinerova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kleinerova J, Garcia-Gallardo A, Tacheva A, Bede P. Subcortical grey matter involvement in ALS and PLS - vulnerable hubs of cortico-cortical and cortico-basal circuits: extrapyramidal, cognitive, bulbar and respiratory correlates. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2025;26(1\u20132):1\u20134.","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"key":"4763_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.121","volume":"113","author":"R Pascalau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pascalau R, Popa St\u0103nil\u0103 R, Sfr\u00e2ngeu S, Szabo B. Anatomy of the limbic white matter tracts as revealed by fiber dissection and tractography. World Neurosurg. 2018;113:e672\u201389.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"4763_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.027","volume":"170","author":"RSC Amaral","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amaral RSC, Park MTM, Devenyi GA, Lynn V, Pipitone J, Winterburn J, et al. Manual segmentation of the fornix, fimbria, and alveus on high-resolution 3T MRI: application via fully-automated mapping of the human memory circuit white and grey matter in healthy and pathological aging. Neuroimage. 2018;170:132\u201350.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"4763_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf048","volume":"7","author":"L Kollenburg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kollenburg L, Arnts H, Green A, Strauss I, Vinke S, Kurt E. The cingulum: anatomy, connectivity and what goes beyond. Brain Commun. 2025;7(1):fcaf048.","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"4763_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-024-01702-0","volume":"23","author":"M Manto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Manto M, Adamaszek M, Apps R, Carlson E, Guarque-Chabrera J, Heleven E, et al. Consensus paper: cerebellum and reward. Cerebellum. 2024;23(5):2169\u201392.","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"issue":"3","key":"4763_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-12920-9","volume":"272","author":"H Almgren","year":"2025","unstructured":"Almgren H, Mahoney CJ, Huynh W, D\u2019Souza A, Berte S, Lv J, et al. Quantifying neurodegeneration within subdivisions of core motor pathways in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using diffusion MRI. J Neurol. 2025;272(3):215.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"4763_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2016.1267768","volume":"18","author":"MJ Strong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Strong MJ, Abrahams S, Goldstein LH, Woolley S, McLaughlin P, Snowden J, et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - frontotemporal spectrum disorder (ALS-FTSD): revised diagnostic criteria. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2017;18(3\u20134):153\u201374.","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"issue":"5","key":"4763_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.5.1074","volume":"82","author":"MM Wilson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wilson MM, Thomas DR, Rubenstein LZ, Chibnall JT, Anderson S, Baxi A, et al. Appetite assessment: simple appetite questionnaire predicts weight loss in community-dwelling adults and nursing home residents. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(5):1074\u201381.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"4763_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.218","volume":"37","author":"NS Sabounchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sabounchi NS, Rahmandad H, Ammerman A. Best-fitting prediction equations for basal metabolic rate: informing obesity interventions in diverse populations. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013;37(10):1364\u201370.","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"5","key":"4763_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000208117","volume":"102","author":"CJ Holdom","year":"2024","unstructured":"Holdom CJ, van Janse Mantgem MR, He J, Howe SL, McCombe PA, Fan D, et al. Variation in resting metabolic rate affects identification of metabolic change in geographically distinct cohorts of patients with ALS. Neurology. 2024;102(5):e208117.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"4763_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185647","volume":"12","author":"MS Graham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Graham MS, Drobnjak I, Jenkinson M, Zhang H. Quantitative assessment of the susceptibility artefact and its interaction with motion in diffusion MRI. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0185647.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"4763_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.002","volume":"49","author":"JP Marques","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marques JP, Kober T, Krueger G, van der Zwaag W, de Van Moortele PF, Gruetter R. MP2RAGE, a self bias-field corrected sequence for improved segmentation and T1-mapping at high field. Neuroimage. 2010;49(2):1271\u201381.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"4763_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chang J, Lv J, Guo CC, Lucia D, Bollmann S, Garner K, et al. An fMRI dataset for appetite neural correlates in people living with motor neuron disease. OpenNeuro. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18112\/openneuro.ds005874.v1.1.0 (2025).","DOI":"10.18112\/openneuro.ds005874.v1.1.0"},{"issue":"1","key":"4763_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-025-04828-w","volume":"12","author":"J Chang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chang J, Lv J, Guo CC, Lucia D, Bollmann S, Garner K, et al. An fMRI dataset for appetite neural correlates in people living with motor neuron disease. Sci Data. 2025;12(1):466.","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"issue":"5","key":"4763_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-02145-x","volume":"21","author":"AI Renton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Renton AI, Dao TT, Johnstone T, Civier O, Sullivan RP, White DJ, et al. Neurodesk: an accessible, flexible and portable data analysis environment for reproducible neuroimaging. Nat Methods. 2024;21(5):804\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"4763_CR25","unstructured":"The University of Queensland Research Computing Centre. Bunya supercomputer. Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 2024. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.48610\/wf6c-qy55."},{"key":"4763_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119612","volume":"263","author":"RR Cruces","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cruces RR, Royer J, Herholz P, Larivi\u00e8re S, de Vos Wael R, Paquola C, et al. Micapipe: a pipeline for multimodal neuroimaging and connectome analysis. Neuroimage. 2022;263:119612.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"4763_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.02.016","volume":"35","author":"JD Tournier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tournier JD, Calamante F, Connelly A. Robust determination of the fibre orientation distribution in diffusion MRI: non-negativity constrained super-resolved spherical deconvolution. Neuroimage. 2007;35(4):1459\u201372.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"4763_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119474","volume":"260","author":"A Hoopes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoopes A, Mora JS, Dalca AV, Fischl B, Hoffmann M. SynthStrip: skull-stripping for any brain image. Neuroimage. 2022;260:119474.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"4763_CR29","unstructured":"Dhollander T, Tabbara R, Rosnarho-Tornstrand J, Tournier J-D, Raffelt D, Connelly A, editors. Multi-tissue log-domain intensity and inhomogeneity normalisation for quantitative apparent fibre density. Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine; 2021; Online; Available from: https:\/\/archive.ismrm.org\/2021\/2472.html."},{"issue":"1","key":"4763_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87564-6","volume":"11","author":"NJ Tustison","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tustison NJ, Cook PA, Holbrook AJ, Johnson HJ, Muschelli J, Devenyi GA, et al. The ANTsX ecosystem for quantitative biological and medical imaging. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):9068.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"4763_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29496","volume":"89","author":"J Lv","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lv J, Zeng R, Ho MP, D\u2019Souza A, Calamante F. Building a tissue-unbiased brain template of fiber orientation distribution and tractography with multimodal registration. Magn Reson Med. 2023;89(3):1207\u201320.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"4763_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116137","volume":"202","author":"JD Tournier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tournier JD, Smith R, Raffelt D, Tabbara R, Dhollander T, Pietsch M, et al. MRtrix3: a fast, flexible and open software framework for medical image processing and visualisation. Neuroimage. 2019;202:116137.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"4763_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.09.029","volume":"144","author":"DA Raffelt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Raffelt DA, Tournier JD, Smith RE, Vaughan DN, Jackson G, Ridgway GR, et al. Investigating white matter fibre density and morphology using fixel-based analysis. Neuroimage. 2017;144(Pt A):58\u201373.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"4763_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906424","volume":"20","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Brady M, Smith S. Segmentation of brain MR images through a hidden Markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2001;20(1):45\u201357.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"4763_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.005","volume":"62","author":"RE Smith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith RE, Tournier JD, Calamante F, Connelly A. Anatomically-constrained tractography: improved diffusion MRI streamlines tractography through effective use of anatomical information. Neuroimage. 2012;62(3):1924\u201338.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"4763_CR36","unstructured":"Tournier JD, Calamante F, Connelly A, editors. Improved probabilistic streamlines tractography by 2nd order integration over fibre orientation distributions. Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.\u00a0Stockholm: 2010. Available from https:\/\/archive.ismrm.org\/2010\/1670.html."},{"key":"4763_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.11.049","volume":"67","author":"RE Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith RE, Tournier JD, Calamante F, Connelly A. SIFT: spherical-deconvolution informed filtering of tractograms. Neuroimage. 2013;67:298\u2013312.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"4763_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10123","volume":"19","author":"A Hammers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hammers A, Allom R, Koepp MJ, Free SL, Myers R, Lemieux L, et al. Three-dimensional maximum probability atlas of the human brain, with particular reference to the temporal lobe. Hum Brain Mapp. 2003;19(4):224\u201347.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"76","key":"4763_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.04368","volume":"7","author":"J Chang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chang J, Steyn F, Ngo S, Henderson R, Guo C, Bollmann S, et al. Open-source hypothalamic-ForniX (OSHy-X) atlases and segmentation tool for 3T and 7T. J Open Source Softw. 2022;7(76):4368.","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"key":"4763_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.02.065","volume":"113","author":"JE Iglesias","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iglesias JE, Van Leemput K, Bhatt P, Casillas C, Dutt S, Schuff N, et al. Bayesian segmentation of brainstem structures in MRI. Neuroimage. 2015;113:184\u201395.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"4763_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020","volume":"53","author":"M Reuter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reuter M, Rosas HD, Fischl B. Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: a robust approach. Neuroimage. 2010;53(4):1181\u201396.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"4763_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119703","volume":"264","author":"J Faber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Faber J, K\u00fcgler D, Bahrami E, Heinz LS, Timmann D, Ernst TM, et al. Cerebnet: a fast and reliable deep-learning pipeline for detailed cerebellum sub-segmentation. Neuroimage. 2022;264:119703.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"4763_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.02.049","volume":"36","author":"S Wakana","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wakana S, Caprihan A, Panzenboeck MM, Fallon JH, Perry M, Gollub RL, et al. Reproducibility of quantitative tractography methods applied to cerebral white matter. Neuroimage. 2007;36(3):630\u201344.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"4763_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chang J, Lipscombe H, Lv J, McCombe PA, Henderson RD, Ngo ST, et al. Motor and reward tractography in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. figshare.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6084\/m9.figshare.30511307 (2025).","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.30511307"},{"key":"4763_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.05.039","volume":"117","author":"DA Raffelt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raffelt DA, Smith RE, Ridgway GR, Tournier JD, Vaughan DN, Rose S, et al. Connectivity-based fixel enhancement: whole-brain statistical analysis of diffusion MRI measures in the presence of crossing fibres. Neuroimage. 2015;117:40\u201355.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"100","key":"4763_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.01.060","volume":"92","author":"AM Winkler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winkler AM, Ridgway GR, Webster MA, Smith SM, Nichols TE. Permutation inference for the general linear model. Neuroimage. 2014;92(100):381\u201397.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"4763_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000194316.91908.8a","volume":"66","author":"F Kimura","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kimura F, Fujimura C, Ishida S, Nakajima H, Furutama D, Uehara H, et al. Progression rate of ALSFRS-R at time of diagnosis predicts survival time in ALS. Neurology. 2006;66(2):265\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4763_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.10.004","volume":"104","author":"RE Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith RE, Tournier JD, Calamante F, Connelly A. The effects of SIFT on the reproducibility and biological accuracy of the structural connectome. Neuroimage. 2015;104:253\u201365.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"4763_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.06.092","volume":"119","author":"RE Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith RE, Tournier JD, Calamante F, Connelly A. SIFT2: enabling dense quantitative assessment of brain white matter connectivity using streamlines tractography. Neuroimage. 2015;119:338\u201351.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"7","key":"4763_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060159","volume":"6","author":"P Hagmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hagmann P, Cammoun L, Gigandet X, Meuli R, Honey CJ, Wedeen VJ, et al. Mapping the structural core of human cerebral cortex. PLoS Biol. 2008;6(7):e159.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4763_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24007","volume":"39","author":"HC Baggio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baggio HC, Abos A, Segura B, Campabadal A, Garcia-Diaz A, Uribe C, et al. Statistical inference in brain graphs using threshold-free network-based statistics. Hum Brain Mapp. 2018;39(6):2289\u2013302.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"4763_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120274","volume":"278","author":"PC Bogdan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bogdan PC, Iordan AD, Shobrook J, Dolcos F. Connsearch: a framework for functional connectivity analysis designed for interpretability and effectiveness at limited sample sizes. Neuroimage. 2023;278:120274.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"4763_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2019.1621346","volume":"20","author":"ST Ngo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ngo ST, van Eijk RPA, Chachay V, van den Berg LH, McCombe PA, Henderson RD, et al. Loss of appetite is associated with a loss of weight and fat mass in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2019;20(7\u20138):497\u2013505.","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"issue":"2","key":"4763_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15136","volume":"29","author":"A Ogura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ogura A, Kawabata K, Watanabe H, Choy SW, Bagarinao E, Kato T, et al. Fiber-specific white matter analysis reflects upper motor neuron impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2022;29(2):432\u201340.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4763_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29171","volume":"60","author":"R Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu R, Wang X, Zhu S, Jiang B, Wan J, Ma J, et al. Assessment of cerebral white matter involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with disease progression and cognitive impairment by fixel-based analysis and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2024;60(3):900\u20138.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"4763_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318830","volume":"90","author":"RJ Broad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Broad RJ, Gabel MC, Dowell NG, Schwartzman DJ, Seth AK, Zhang H, et al. Neurite orientation and dispersion density imaging (NODDI) detects cortical and corticospinal tract degeneration in ALS. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2019;90(4):404\u201311.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"4763_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2018.1562554","volume":"20","author":"S Tu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tu S, Menke RAL, Talbot K, Kiernan MC, Turner MR. Cerebellar tract alterations in PLS and ALS. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2019;20(3\u20134):281\u20134.","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"key":"4763_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103300","volume":"37","author":"H Almgren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Almgren H, Hanganu A, Camacho M, Kibreab M, Camicioli R, Ismail Z, et al. Motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease are related to the interplay between cortical curvature and thickness. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2023;37:103300.","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"issue":"6","key":"4763_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.240478","volume":"7","author":"DH Shiraishi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shiraishi DH, Saha S, Adanyeguh IM, Cocozza S, Corben LA, Deistung A, et al. Automated deep learning-based segmentation of the dentate nucleus using quantitative susceptibility mapping MRI. Radiol Artif Intell. 2025;7(6):e240478.","journal-title":"Radiol Artif Intell"},{"issue":"3","key":"4763_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad351","volume":"147","author":"A Northall","year":"2024","unstructured":"Northall A, Doehler J, Weber M, Tellez I, Petri S, Prudlo J, et al. Multimodal layer modelling reveals in vivo pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain. 2024;147(3):1087\u201399.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"4763_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23937","volume":"74","author":"J Brettschneider","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brettschneider J, Del Tredici K, Toledo JB, Robinson JL, Irwin DJ, Grossman M, et al. Stages of pTDP-43 pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2013;74(1):20\u201338.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4763_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-301826","volume":"83","author":"T Kanouchi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kanouchi T, Ohkubo T, Yokota T. Can regional spreading of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor symptoms be explained by prion-like propagation? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012;83(7):739\u201345.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"4763_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00025","volume":"12","author":"A Prasad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prasad A, Bharathi V, Sivalingam V, Girdhar A, Patel BK. Molecular mechanisms of TDP-43 misfolding and pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci. 2019;12:25.","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"19","key":"4763_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000260965.20021.47","volume":"68","author":"J Ravits","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ravits J, Paul P, Jorg C. Focality of upper and lower motor neuron degeneration at the clinical onset of ALS. Neurology. 2007;68(19):1571\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"4763_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5455","volume":"251","author":"A Lorente Pons","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lorente Pons A, Higginbottom A, Cooper-Knock J, Alrafiah A, Alofi E, Kirby J, et al. Oligodendrocyte pathology exceeds axonal pathology in white matter in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Pathol. 2020;251(3):262\u201371.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"4763_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102054","volume":"24","author":"P Bede","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bede P, Chipika RH, Finegan E, Li Hi Shing S, Doherty MA, Hengeveld JC, et al. Brainstem pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral sclerosis: a longitudinal neuroimaging study. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2019;24:102054.","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"issue":"1","key":"4763_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13079-8","volume":"7","author":"F Palesi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palesi F, De Rinaldis A, Castellazzi G, Calamante F, Muhlert N, Chard D, et al. Contralateral cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathways reconstruction in humans in vivo: implications for reciprocal cerebro-cerebellar structural connectivity in motor and non-motor areas. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):12841.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"4763_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.06.009","volume":"46","author":"D Timmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Timmann D, Drepper J, Frings M, Maschke M, Richter S, Gerwig M, et al. The human cerebellum contributes to motor, emotional and cognitive associative learning. A review. Cortex. 2010;46(7):845\u201357.","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"4763_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.11.055","volume":"55","author":"LN van der Laan","year":"2011","unstructured":"van der Laan LN, de Ridr DT, Viergever MA, Smeets PA. The first taste is always with the eyes: a meta-analysis on the neural correlates of processing visual food cues. Neuroimage. 2011;55(1):296\u2013303.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"12","key":"4763_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3286","volume":"13","author":"M Sader","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sader M, Waiter GD, Williams JHG. The cerebellum plays more than one role in the dysregulation of appetite: review of structural evidence from typical and eating disorder populations. Brain Behav. 2023;13(12):e3286.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"4763_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903080209","volume":"308","author":"JD Schmahmann","year":"1991","unstructured":"Schmahmann JD, Pandya DN. Projections to the basis pontis from the superior temporal sulcus and superior temporal region in the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol. 1991;308(2):224\u201348.","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4763_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.7.JNS22247","volume":"138","author":"A Esen Aydin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Esen Aydin A, Aydin S, Bilgin B, Mirkhasilova M, Bayramli N, Tanriover N. Microsurgical anatomy of the auditory radiations: revealing the enigmatic acoustic pathway from a surgical viewpoint. J Neurosurg. 2023;138(5):1443\u201356.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"4763_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2017.1332077","volume":"18","author":"T Omer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Omer T, Finegan E, Hutchinson S, Doherty M, Vajda A, McLaughlin RL, et al. Neuroimaging patterns along the ALS-FTD spectrum: a multiparametric imaging study. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2017;18(7\u20138):611\u201323.","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"issue":"6","key":"4763_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02569-x","volume":"145","author":"M Bolborea","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bolborea M, Vercruysse P, Daria T, Reiners JC, Alami NO, Guillot SJ, et al. Loss of hypothalamic MCH decreases food intake in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol. 2023;145(6):773\u201391.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4763_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16052","volume":"31","author":"SL Howe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Howe SL, Holdom CJ, McCombe PA, Henderson RD, Zigman JM, Ngo ST, et al. Associations of postprandial ghrelin, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 and leptin levels with body composition, disease progression and survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2024;31(1):e16052.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4763_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-024-00896-5","volume":"18","author":"S Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun S, Chen Y, Zhao B, Zhu J, Wen T, Peng B, et al. Abnormal brain functional network dynamics in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with depression. Brain Imaging Behav. 2024;18(5):1034\u201343.","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"issue":"11","key":"4763_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.035","volume":"35","author":"S Abdulla","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abdulla S, Machts J, Kaufmann J, Patrick K, Kollewe K, Dengler R, et al. Hippocampal degeneration in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35(11):2639\u201345.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"4763_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102803","volume":"32","author":"V Castelnovo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Castelnovo V, Canu E, Magno MA, Basaia S, Riva N, Poletti B, et al. Impaired recognition of disgust in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is related to basal ganglia involvement. Neuroimage Clin. 2021;32:102803.","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"4763_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105845","volume":"118","author":"J Chang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chang J, Teo AH, Shaw TB, Dupuis L, Ngo ST, Steyn FJ. Deciphering hypothalamic pathology in ALS: insights into non-motor symptoms and disease progression. EBioMedicine. 2025;118:105845.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"}],"container-title":["BMC Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12916-026-04763-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-026-04763-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-026-04763-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T05:04:44Z","timestamp":1778043884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12916-026-04763-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-026-04763-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-7015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-7015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the University of Queensland, the Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital (HREC\/17\/QRBW\/616), and Uniting Care Health Human Research Ethics (Ref. No. 1801) Committees. The privacy rights of all participants were observed, and all participants provided written and informed consent to participate in the research and for deidentified data to be made available through publication and for other research purposes.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Frederik Steyn is a guest editor for the BMC Medicine special issue, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: latest advances and novel updates.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"295"}}