{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T05:53:11Z","timestamp":1781589191277,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb"},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2023-12M-C&T-B-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-12M-C&T-B-013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82370121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["7232109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7232109"]}]},{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2022-PUMCH-C-026, 2022-PUMCH-D-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-PUMCH-C-026, 2022-PUMCH-D-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-026-04887-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:36:02Z","timestamp":1777462562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and safety of cyclosporine plus luspatercept versus cyclosporine in newly diagnosed non-transfusion-dependent non-severe aplastic anemia: A prospective randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zhuxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinglin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"S1","key":"4887_CR1","first-page":"198","volume":"9","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Wang L, Liu Z, Yang C, Chen M, Han B. (s184) efficacy and safety of cyclosporine plus luspatercept versus cyclosporine in newlydiagnosed non-transfusion-dependent non-severe aplastic anemia: A prospective randomized trial. HemaSphere. 2025;9(S1):198.","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"4887_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2018.03.001","volume":"32","author":"ML Schoettler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schoettler ML, Nathan DG. The pathophysiology of acquired aplastic anemia: Current concepts revisited. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2018;32(4):581\u201394.","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"4887_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1988.tb02460.x","volume":"70","author":"A Bacigalupo","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bacigalupo A, Hows J, Gluckman E, Nissen C, Marsh J, Van Lint MT, et al. Bone marrow transplantation (bmt) versus immunosuppression for the treatment of severe aplastic anaemia (saa): A report of the ebmt saa working party. Br J Haematol. 1988;70(2):177\u201382.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4887_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V45.3.355.355","volume":"45","author":"BM Camitta","year":"1975","unstructured":"Camitta BM, Rappeport JM, Parkman R, Nathan DG. Selection of patients for bone marrow transplantation in severe aplastic anemia. Blood. 1975;45(3):355\u201363.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"4887_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197982","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1197982","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, He Y, Wang S, Sun J, Jia J, Gong Y, et al. Transfusion-dependent non-severe aplastic anemia: Characteristics and outcomes in the clinic. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1197982.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4887_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000499065","volume":"142","author":"XF Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu XF, He HL, Wang SQ, Tang JY, Han B, Zhang DH, et al. Current treatment patterns of aplastic anemia in china: A prospective cohort registry study. Acta Haematol. 2019;142(3):162\u201370.","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4887_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16460","volume":"189","author":"BJ Patel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel BJ, Barot SV, Kuzmanovic T, Kerr C, Przychodzen BP, Thota S, et al. Distinctive and common features of moderate aplastic anaemia. Br J Haematol. 2020;189(5):967\u201375.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4887_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-023-02047-z","volume":"37","author":"B Fattizzo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fattizzo B, Gurnari C, Cassanello G, Bortolotti M, Awada H, Giammarco S, et al. Deciphering treatment patterns in non-severe\/moderate aplastic anemia: An international observational study. Leukemia. 2023;37(12):2479\u201385.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"8","key":"4887_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-024-05799-5","volume":"103","author":"Y Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi Y, Zhao Y, Liang W, Zhang B, Kang R, Yang W, et al. A preliminary study of roxadustat in the treatment of aplastic anemia patients with inadequate erythroid responses. Ann Hematol. 2024;103(8):2757\u201363.","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4887_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8652(199811)59:3<185::AID-AJH2>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"59","author":"ZH Shao","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shao ZH, Chu YL, Zhang YZ, Chen GB, Zheng YZ. Treatment of severe aplastic anemia with an immunosuppressive agent plus recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin. Am J Hematol. 1998;59(3):185\u201391.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4887_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3512","volume":"20","author":"RNVS Suragani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suragani RNVS, Cadena SM, Cawley SM, Sako D, Mitchell D, Li R, et al. Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 superfamily ligand trap ace-536 corrects anemia by promoting late-stage erythropoiesis. Nat Med. 2014;20(4):408\u201314.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"4887_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910182","volume":"382","author":"MD Cappellini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cappellini MD, Viprakasit V, Taher AT, Georgiev P, Kuo KHM, Coates T, et al. A phase 3 trial of luspatercept in patients with transfusion-dependent \u03b2-thalassemia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(13):1219\u201331.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4887_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908892","volume":"382","author":"P Fenaux","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fenaux P, Platzbecker U, Mufti GJ, Garcia-Manero G, Buckstein R, Santini V, et al. Luspatercept in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(2):140\u201351.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10399","key":"4887_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00874-7","volume":"402","author":"U Platzbecker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Platzbecker U, Della Porta MG, Santini V, Zeidan AM, Komrokji RS, Shortt J, et al. Efficacy and safety of luspatercept versus epoetin alfa in erythropoiesis-stimulating agent-naive, transfusion-dependent, lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (commands): Interim analysis of a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Haematol. 2023;402(10399):373\u201385.","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4887_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19236","volume":"204","author":"A Kulasekararaj","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kulasekararaj A, Cavenagh J, Dokal I, Foukaneli T, Gandhi S, Garg M, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of adult aplastic anaemia: A british society for haematology guideline. Br J Haematol. 2024;204(3):784\u2013804.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4887_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200931","volume":"367","author":"MJ Olnes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olnes MJ, Scheinberg P, Calvo KR, Desmond R, Tang Y, Dumitriu B, et al. Eltrombopag and improved hematopoiesis in refractory aplastic anemia. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(1):11\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"4887_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V79.10.2540.bloodjournal79102540","volume":"79","author":"E Gluckman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gluckman E, Esperou-Bourdeau H, Baruchel A, Boogaerts M, Briere J, Donadio D, et al. Multicenter randomized study comparing cyclosporine-a alone and antithymocyte globulin with prednisone for treatment of severe aplastic anemia. Blood. 1992;79(10):2540\u20136.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"8","key":"4887_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001657","volume":"4","author":"X Fan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan X, Desmond R, Winkler T, Young DJ, Dumitriu B, Townsley DM, et al. Eltrombopag for patients with moderate aplastic anemia or uni-lineage cytopenias. Blood Adv. 2020;4(8):1700\u201310.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"4887_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17190","volume":"192","author":"JH Jang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jang JH, Tomiyama Y, Miyazaki K, Nagafuji K, Usuki K, Uoshima N, et al. Efficacy and safety of romiplostim in refractory aplastic anaemia: A phase ii\/iii, multicentre, open-label study. Br J Haematol. 2021;192(1):190\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4887_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.05.025","volume":"155","author":"N Terrault","year":"2018","unstructured":"Terrault N, Chen Y-C, Izumi N, Kayali Z, Mitrut P, Tak WY, et al. Avatrombopag before procedures reduces need for platelet transfusion in patients with chronic liver disease and thrombocytopenia. Gastroenterology. 2018;155(3):705\u201318.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4887_CR21","first-page":"103438","volume":"72","author":"Y Shao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shao Y, He L, Ding S, Fu R. Luspatercept for the treatment of congenital sideroblastic anemia: Two case reports. Curr Res Transl Med. 2024;72(1):103438.","journal-title":"Curr Res Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4887_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1532\/IJH97.06156","volume":"85","author":"H Yamazaki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yamazaki H, Sugimori C, Chuhjo T, Nakao S. Cyclosporine therapy for acquired aplastic anemia: Predictive factors for the response and long-term prognosis. Int J Hematol. 2007;85(3):186\u201390.","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"4887_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.217290","volume":"605","author":"ZK Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang ZK, Zhang ZW, Lyu ZS, Xing T, Liang M, Shen MZ, et al. Inhibition of tgf-\u03b2 signaling in bone marrow endothelial cells promotes hematopoietic recovery in acute myeloid leukemia patients. Cancer Lett. 2024;605:217290.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"4887_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4074","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-201438","volume":"144","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang X, Guo L-P, Jia J-S, Wang Y-Z, Liang M, Shen M, et al. Tgf-\u03b2 pathway inhibition improves hematopoietic deficiency and immune imbalance by repairing endothelial progenitor cell function in aplastic anemia. Blood. 2024;144:4074.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"4887_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3872","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-118010","volume":"132","author":"A Barade","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barade A, Santhakumar S, George B, Edison ES. Decreased iron utilization leads to dysregulation of iron homeostasis in aplastic anemia. Blood. 2018;132(Supplement 1):3872.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"4887_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16022366","volume":"16","author":"C Richardson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Richardson C, Yan S, Vestal CG. Oxidative stress, bone marrow failure, and genome instability in hematopoietic stem cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(2):2366\u201385.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"4887_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.5941","volume":"21","author":"A Ludin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ludin A, Gur-Cohen S, Golan K, Kaufmann KB, Itkin T, Medaglia C, et al. Reactive oxygen species regulate hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, migration and development, as well as their bone marrow microenvironment. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2014;21(11):1605\u201319.","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"4887_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358283","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/358283","volume":"2010","author":"T Tanno","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tanno T, Miller JL. Iron loading and overloading due to ineffective erythropoiesis. Adv Hematol. 2010;2010:358283.","journal-title":"Adv Hematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4887_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-025-03141-7","volume":"42","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Wang L, Liu Z, Yang C, Chen M, Han B. Long-term experience with luspatercept in relapsed\/refractory myelodysplastic neoplasms: A chinese real-world study. Adv Ther. 2025;42(4):1907\u201318.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"4887_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199345060-00007","volume":"45","author":"D Faulds","year":"1993","unstructured":"Faulds D, Goa KL, Benfield P, Cyclosporin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in immunoregulatory disorders. Drugs. 1993;45(6):953\u20131040.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"4887_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199708150-00012","volume":"64","author":"AD Mayer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mayer AD, Dmitrewski J, Squifflet JP, Besse T, Grabensee B, Klein B, et al. Multicenter randomized trial comparing tacrolimus (fk506) and cyclosporine in the prevention of renal allograft rejection - a report of the european tacrolimus multicenter renal study group. Transplantation. 1997;64(3):436\u201343.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"11","key":"4887_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-023-02031-7","volume":"37","author":"U Platzbecker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Platzbecker U, Santini V, Komrokji RS, Zeidan AM, Garcia-Manero G, Buckstein R, et al. Long-term utilization and benefit of luspatercept in transfusion-dependent, erythropoiesis-stimulating agent-refractory or -intolerant patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts. Leukemia. 2023;37(11):2314\u20138.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"10","key":"4887_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30615-0","volume":"18","author":"U Platzbecker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Platzbecker U, Germing U, G\u00f6tze KS, Kiewe P, Mayer K, Chromik J, et al. Luspatercept for the treatment of anaemia in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (pace-mds): A multicentre, open-label phase 2 dose-finding study with long-term extension study. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(10):1338\u201347.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4887_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E210","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26533","volume":"97","author":"F Farrukh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Farrukh F, Chetram D, Al-Kali A, Foran J, Patnaik M, Badar T, et al. Real-world experience with luspatercept and predictors of response in myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts. Am J Hematol. 2022;97(6):E210\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4887_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.198440","volume":"104","author":"A Contejean","year":"2019","unstructured":"Contejean A, Resche-Rigon M, Tamburini J, Alcantara M, Jardin F, Lenglin\u00e9 E, et al. Aplastic anemia in the elderly: A nationwide survey on behalf of the french reference center for aplastic anemia. Haematologica. 2019;104(2):256\u201362.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"4887_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414799","volume":"373","author":"T Yoshizato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoshizato T, Dumitriu B, Hosokawa K, Makishima H, Yoshida K, Townsley D, et al. Somatic mutations and clonal hematopoiesis in aplastic anemia. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(1):35\u201347.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4887_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2018.01.030","volume":"10","author":"H Kawamura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kawamura H, Nakatsuka R, Matsuoka Y, Sumide K, Fujioka T, Asano H, et al. Tgf-\u03b2 signaling accelerates senescence of human bone-derived cd271 and ssea-4 double-positive mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Rep. 2018;10(3):920\u201332.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"4887_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1941","volume":"33","author":"Y Matsuoka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matsuoka Y, Nakatsuka R, Sumide K, Kawamura H, Takahashi M, Fujioka T, et al. Prospectively isolated human bone marrow cell-derived mscs support primitive human cd34-negative hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cells. 2015;33(5):1554\u201365.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"4","key":"4887_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s40778-016-0069-x","volume":"2","author":"A Hinge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hinge A, Filippi MD. Deconstructing the complexity of tgf\u03b2 signaling in hematopoietic stem cells: Quiescence and beyond. Curr Stem Cell Rep. 2016;2(4):388\u201397.","journal-title":"Curr Stem Cell Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"4887_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53416.x","volume":"53","author":"WB Ershler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ershler WB, Sheng S, McKelvey J, Artz AS, Denduluri N, Tecson J, et al. Serum erythropoietin and aging: A longitudinal analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(8):1360\u20135.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"4887_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041809","volume":"352","author":"G Weiss","year":"2005","unstructured":"Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Medical progress: Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(10):1011\u201323.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4887_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-178674","volume":"142","author":"S Hayati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hayati S, Zeidan AM, Garcia-Manero G, Platzbecker U, Ahsan A, Verma AK, et al. Luspatercept modulates inflammation in the bone marrow, restores effective erythropoiesis\/hematopoiesis, and provides sustained clinical benefit versus epoetin alfa (ea): Biomarker analysis from the phase 3 commands study. Blood. 2023;142:1845.","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["BMC Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12916-026-04887-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-026-04887-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-026-04887-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T05:10:12Z","timestamp":1781586612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12916-026-04887-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-026-04887-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-7015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-7015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (reference number: K2670) and were in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"This study was supported by funding from the Bristol Myers Squibb, CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) (2023-12\u00a0M-C&T-B-013), National Natural Science Foundation (82370121), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2023, 7232109), National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-C-026, 2022-PUMCH-D-002). The funders played no role in the study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the report; or the decision to submit the article for publication. The authors have no other financial or non-financial conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"AA, aplastic anemia.AE, adverse event.ALT, alanine transaminase.AML, acute myeloid leukemia.AST, aspartate transaminase.BM, bone marrow.CR, complete response.CRR, complete response rate.CsA, cyclosporine.CTCAE, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events.ECG, electrocardiograph.ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.ECs, endothelial cells.EPCs, endothelial progenitor cells.EPO, erythropoietin.ESAs, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.FLAER, fluorescent aerolysin.HI-E, hematologic improvement-erythroid.ICUS, idiopathic cytopenia of undetermined significance.IRT, integrated response technology.ITT, intention-to-treat.LR-MDS, lower-risk myelodysplastic neoplasms.LR-MDS-RS, lower-risk myelodysplastic neoplasms with ring sideroblasts.MDS, myelodysplastic neoplasms.MDS-LB, myelodysplastic neoplasms with low blasts.MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells.NR, no response.NSAA, non-severe aplastic anemia.NTD-NSAA, non-transfusion-dependent non-severe aplastic anemia.OR, overall response.ORR, overall response rate.PNH, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.PR, partial response.PUMCH, Peking Union Medical College Hospital.QTcF, Fridericia\u2019s QT correction formula.RBC-TI, red blood cell transfusion independence.rhEPO, recombinant human erythropoietin.ROS, reactive oxygen species.SAA, severe aplastic anemia.s.c., subcutaneously.TD, transfusion-dependent.TD-NSAA, transfusion-dependent non-severe aplastic anemia.TGF-\u03b2, transforming growth factor-\u03b2.TPO-RAs, thrombopoietin receptor agonists.TSAT, transferrin saturation.ULN, upper limits of normal.VSAA, very severe aplastic anemia.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Abbreviations"}}],"article-number":"358"}}