{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T01:52:03Z","timestamp":1791165123211,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":88,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82403376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82403376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-026-05049-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T07:16:09Z","timestamp":1783581369000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Targeting ADGRG1 in cancer-associated adipocytes reprograms the immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhances immunotherapy responsiveness in triple-negative breast cancer models"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ziling","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyi","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoutang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renhong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunwei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"5049_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21820","volume":"74","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74:12\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21820.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"5049_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21863","volume":"74","author":"AN Giaquinto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giaquinto AN, Sung H, Newman LA, Freedman RA, Smith RA, Star J, et al. Breast cancer statistics 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74:477\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21863.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"5049_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.02.002","volume":"35","author":"L Pusztai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pusztai L, Denkert C, O\u2019Shaughnessy J, Cortes J, Dent R, McArthur H, et al. Event-free survival by residual cancer burden with pembrolizumab in early-stage TNBC: exploratory analysis from KEYNOTE-522. Ann Oncol. 2024;35:429\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.02.002.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"5049_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","volume":"144","author":"D Hanahan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation. Cell. 2011;144:646\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5049_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-022-10059-x","volume":"41","author":"A Mukherjee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mukherjee A, Bilecz AJ, Lengyel E. The adipocyte microenvironment and cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2022;41:575\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10555-022-10059-x.","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"5049_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.02.016","volume":"41","author":"KE de Visser","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Visser KE, Joyce JA. The evolving tumor microenvironment: From cancer initiation to metastatic outgrowth. Cancer Cell. 2023;41:374\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.02.016.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"5049_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120949","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/120949","volume":"2015","author":"R Schweizer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schweizer R, Tsuji W, Gorantla VS, Marra KG, Rubin JP, Plock JA. The role of adipose-derived stem cells in breast cancer progression and metastasis. Stem Cells Int. 2015;2015:120949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/120949.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"5049_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5657","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-0530","volume":"73","author":"L Bochet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bochet L, Lehu\u00e9d\u00e9 C, Dauvillier S, Wang YY, Dirat B, Laurent V, et al. Adipocyte-derived fibroblasts promote tumor progression and contribute to the desmoplastic reaction in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2013;73:5657\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-0530.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"5049_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00658-5","volume":"6","author":"H Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao H, Wu L, Yan G, Chen Y, Zhou M, Wu Y, et al. Inflammation and tumor progression: signaling pathways and targeted intervention. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021;6:263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-021-00658-5.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"5049_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-23-0505","volume":"83","author":"C Bouche","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bouche C, Quail DF. Fueling the Tumor Microenvironment with Cancer-Associated Adipocytes. Cancer Res. 2023;83:1170\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-23-0505.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"5049_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-3323","volume":"71","author":"B Dirat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dirat B, Bochet L, Dabek M, Daviaud D, Dauvillier S, Majed B, et al. Cancer-associated adipocytes exhibit an activated phenotype and contribute to breast cancer invasion. Cancer Res. 2011;71:2455\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-3323.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"5049_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0778-6","volume":"12","author":"Q Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu Q, Li B, Li Z, Li J, Sun S, Sun S. Cancer-associated adipocytes: key players in breast cancer progression. J Hematol Onco. 2019;12:95. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-019-0778-6.","journal-title":"J Hematol Onco"},{"key":"5049_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111362","volume":"40","author":"Q Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu Q, Zhu Y, Hepler C, Zhang Q, Park J, Gliniak C, et al. Adipocyte mesenchymal transition contributes to mammary tumor progression. Cell Rep. 2022;40:111362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111362.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"5049_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2020.101055","volume":"80","author":"KC Corn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Corn KC, Windham MA, Rafat M. Lipids in the tumor microenvironment: From cancer progression to treatment. Prog Lipid Res. 2020;80:101055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plipres.2020.101055.","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"5049_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157275","volume":"148","author":"Y Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Y, Zhang H, Wei J, Jin W, Tong Q, Ye Y, et al. Celastrol liposomes enhance anti-PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer by reprogramming immunosuppressive microenvironment driven by cancer-associated adipocytes. Phytomedicine. 2025;148:157275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157275.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"5049_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1500107","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1500107","volume":"7","author":"B Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu B, Sun X, Gupta HB, Yuan B, Li J, Ge F, et al. Adipose PD-L1 Modulates PD-1\/PD-L1 Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy Efficacy in Breast Cancer. Oncoimmunology. 2018;7:e1500107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1500107.","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"5049_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63659-w","volume":"16","author":"X Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang X, Li J, Song D, Wu Y, Liu J, Yi Z, et al. AEBP1 drives fibroblast-mediated T cell dysfunction in tumors. Nat Commun. 2025;16:8171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-63659-w.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5049_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI127201","volume":"129","author":"Y Cao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao Y. Adipocyte and lipid metabolism in cancer drug resistance. J Clin Invest. 2019;129:3006\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI127201.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"5049_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00471-8","volume":"17","author":"P Morigny","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morigny P, Boucher J, Arner P, Langin D. Lipid and glucose metabolism in white adipocytes: pathways, dysfunction and therapeutics. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17:276\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41574-021-00471-8.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"5049_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-052110-115718","volume":"81","author":"QQ Tang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tang QQ, Lane MD. Adipogenesis: From stem cell to adipocyte. Annu Rev Biochem. 2012;81:715\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-biochem-052110-115718.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"5049_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-024-10139-x","volume":"52","author":"S Kisar Tunca","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kisar Tunca S, Unal R. Adipocyte-derived fatty acid uptake induces obesity-related breast cancer progression: a review. Mol Biol Rep. 2024;52:39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-024-10139-x.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"5049_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.10.015","volume":"37","author":"C Xue","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xue C, Zhao S, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Liu J, Deng S, et al. Extracellular vesicles from obese visceral adipose promote pancreatic cancer development and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Cell Metab. 2025;37:2381\u2013e24019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.10.015.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"5049_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.08.012","volume":"37","author":"C Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li C, Lu Y, Li Y, Liu T, Deng H, Gao M, et al. Liver-breast communication of adipocyte-oriented exosomes drives primary mammary cancer progression. Cell Metab. 2025;37:2402\u2013e242218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.08.012.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"5049_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04256-7","volume":"21","author":"S-Q Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu S-Q, Chen D-Y, Li B, Gao Z-J, Feng H-F, Yu X, et al. Single-cell analysis of white adipose tissue reveals the tumor-promoting adipocyte subtypes. J Transl Med. 2023;21:470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-023-04256-7.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"5049_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04518-2","volume":"603","author":"MP Emont","year":"2022","unstructured":"Emont MP, Jacobs C, Essene AL, Pant D, Tenen D, Colleluori G, et al. A single-cell atlas of human and mouse white adipose tissue. Nature. 2022;603:926\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04518-2.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5049_CR26","unstructured":"Rosen ED, Tsai LT, Emont MP et al. A single cell atlas of human adipose tissue. Gene Expression Omnibus. https:\/\/identifiers.org\/geo:GSE176171 (2022)."},{"key":"5049_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.07.005","volume":"36","author":"T Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang T, Sharma AK, Wu C, Maushart CI, Ghosh A, Yang W, et al. Single-nucleus transcriptomics identifies separate classes of UCP1 and futile cycle adipocytes. Cell Metab. 2024;36:2130\u2013e21457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.07.005.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"5049_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang T, Ghosh A, Wolfrum C et al. Single Nucleus Transcriptomics Identifies Separate Classes of UCP1 and Futile Cycle Adipocytes [human snRNA-seq]. Gene Expression Omnibus. https:\/\/identifiers.org\/geo:GSE184687 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.07.005"},{"key":"5049_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36983-2","volume":"14","author":"L Massier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Massier L, Jalkanen J, Elmastas M, Zhong J, Wang T, Nono Nankam PA, et al. An integrated single cell and spatial transcriptomic map of human white adipose tissue. Nat Commun. 2023;14:1438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-36983-2.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5049_CR30","unstructured":"Zhong J, Massier L, Nono Nankam PA, Wang T et al. snRNA-seq data on human subcutaneous and omental white adipose tissue. Gene Expression Omnibus. https:\/\/identifiers.org\/geo:GSE225700 (2023)."},{"key":"5049_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2856-x","volume":"587","author":"W Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun W, Dong H, Balaz M, Slyper M, Drokhlyansky E, Colleluori G, et al. snRNA-seq reveals a subpopulation of adipocytes that regulates thermogenesis. Nature. 2020;587:98\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2856-x.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5049_CR32","unstructured":"Sun W. Single nucleus RNA sequencing of human subcutaneous white adipose tissue. ArrayExpress. https:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/biostudies\/arrayexpress\/studies\/E-MTAB-9199 (2020)."},{"key":"5049_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2867","volume":"15","author":"J Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang J, Liu R, Wang F, Hong J, Li X, Chen M, et al. Ablation of LGR4 promotes energy expenditure by driving white-to-brown fat switch. Nat Cell Biol. 2013;15:1455\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncb2867.","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"5049_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70154","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70154","volume":"14","author":"H Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang H, Huang R, Luo L, Wang R, Zhou Z, Hong J, et al. Targeting Reticulin 4 (RTN4) within small extracellular vesicles combats metastasis and reinforces immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. J Extracell Vesicles. 2025;14:e70154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jev2.70154.","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"5049_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-07095-6","volume":"15","author":"Y Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo Y, Lu J, Lei Z, Rao D, Wang T, Fu C, et al. GPR56 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by promoting the TGF-\u03b2 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis. 2024;15:715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-024-07095-6.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"5049_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06230-z","volume":"14","author":"R Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang R, Wang Z, Hong J, Wu J, Huang O, He J, et al. Targeting cancer-associated adipocyte-derived CXCL8 inhibits triple-negative breast cancer progression and enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Cell Death Dis. 2023;14:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-023-06230-z.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"5049_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06252-9","volume":"620","author":"T Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar T, Nee K, Wei R, He S, Nguyen QH, Bai S, et al. A spatially resolved single-cell genomic atlas of the adult human breast. Nature. 2023;620:181\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-06252-9.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5049_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2013.10.001","volume":"PI3K","author":"A Britschgi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Britschgi A, Radimerski T, Bentires-Alj M, Targeting. HER2 and the IL-8\/JAK2 axis in metastatic breast cancer: Which combination makes the whole greater than the sum of its parts? Drug Resist Updat. 2013;PI3K:16:68\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drup.2013.10.001.","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"5049_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2022.216042","volume":"555","author":"R Palombo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Palombo R, Passacantilli I, Terracciano F, Capone A, Matteocci A, Tournier S, et al. Inhibition of the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling promotes an M1 macrophage switch by repressing the ATF3-CXCL8 axis in Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Lett. 2023;555:216042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2022.216042.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"5049_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-1268","volume":"74","author":"L Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang L, Friedland S, Corson N, Xu L. GPR56 inhibits melanoma growth by internalizing and degrading its ligand TG2. Cancer Res. 2014;74:1022\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-1268.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"5049_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100043","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100043","volume":"9","author":"R Luo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luo R, Jeong S-J, Yang A, Wen M, Saslowsky DE, Lencer WI, et al. Mechanism for adhesion G protein-coupled receptor GPR56-mediated RhoA activation induced by collagen III stimulation. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e100043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0100043.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5049_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.174458","volume":"129","author":"N-Y Chiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chiang N-Y, Chang G-W, Huang Y-S, Peng Y-M, Hsiao C-C, Kuo M-L, et al. Heparin interacts with the adhesion GPCR GPR56, reduces receptor shedding, and promotes cell adhesion and motility. J Cell Sci. 2016;129:2156\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.174458.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"5049_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107753","volume":"221","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiao Y, Yu D. Tumor microenvironment as a therapeutic target in cancer. Pharmacol Ther. 2021;221:107753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107753.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"5049_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4557","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-3962","volume":"79","author":"DC Hinshaw","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hinshaw DC, Shevde LA. The tumor microenvironment innately modulates cancer progression. Cancer Res. 2019;79:4557\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-3962.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"5049_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15030726","volume":"15","author":"C Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu C, Dong S, Huang R, Chen X. Cancer-associated adipocytes and breast cancer: intertwining in the tumor microenvironment and challenges for cancer therapy. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15:726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15030726.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"5049_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0547","volume":"20","author":"H Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang H, Wang M, Xu Y. Understanding the mechanisms underlying obesity in remodeling the breast tumor immune microenvironment: from the perspective of inflammation. Cancer Biol Med. 2023;20:268\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0547.","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med"},{"key":"5049_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.65227","volume":"18","author":"C Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou C, He X, Tong C, Li H, Xie C, Wu Y, et al. Cancer-associated adipocytes promote the invasion and metastasis in breast cancer through LIF\/CXCLs positive feedback loop. Int J Biol Sci. 2022;18:1363\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.65227.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"5049_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3352","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123352","volume":"10","author":"K-F Ng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ng K-F, Chen T-C, Stacey M, Lin H-H. Role of ADGRG1\/GPR56 in Tumor Progression. Cells. 2021;10:3352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10123352.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"5049_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15150","volume":"112","author":"S Sasaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sasaki S, Zhang D, Iwabuchi S, Tanabe Y, Hashimoto S, Yamauchi A, et al. Crucial contribution of GPR56\/ADGRG1, expressed by breast cancer cells, to bone metastasis formation. Cancer Sci. 2021;112:4883\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cas.15150.","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"}],"container-title":["BMC Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12916-026-05049-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-026-05049-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12916-026-05049-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T01:22:33Z","timestamp":1791163353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12916-026-05049-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-026-05049-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-7015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-7015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Tumor samples and clinical data were collected and used with the guidance of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethical Committee of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Ethics Approval number: (2022) Clinical Ethics Approval No. 2\u00a0A. Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part. All animal procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Ruijin Hospital (Ethics Approval number: AUP-202505-04) and conducted in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Zheng Wang is a member of the BMC Medicine Editorial Board.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"547"}}