{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T02:38:30Z","timestamp":1773196710133,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]],"date-time":"2018-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008497","name":"Boston Scientific Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1431-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]],"date-time":"2018-04-04T03:41:40Z","timestamp":1522813300000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A retrospective review of 146 active and passive fixation bradycardia lead implantations in 74 dogs undergoing pacemaker implantation in a research setting of short term duration"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2177-4465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynne E.","family":"Swanson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Huibregtse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Scansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1431_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02505.x","volume":"17","author":"JW Buchanan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Buchanan JW. First pacemaker in a dog: a historical note. J Vet Intern Med. 2003;17:713\u20134.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1431_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1991.tb03145.x","volume":"5","author":"D Sisson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sisson D, Thomas WP, Woodfield J, et al. Permanent transvenous pacemaker implantation in forty dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 1996;5(6):322\u201331.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"1431_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01801.x","volume":"20","author":"G Wess","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wess G, Thomas W, Berger D, et al. Applications, complications, and outcomes of transvenous pacemaker implantation in 105 dogs (1997-2002). J Vet Intern Med. 2006;20:877\u201384.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"1431_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0233.x","volume":"23","author":"N Hildebrandt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hildebrandt N, Stertmann WA, Wehner M, et al. Dual chamber pacemaker implantation in dogs with atrioventricular block. J Vet Intern Med. 2009;23:31\u20138.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"1431_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00928.x","volume":"26","author":"AH Estrada","year":"2012","unstructured":"Estrada AH, Pariaut R, Hamsley S, et al. Atrial-based pacing for sinus node dysfunction in dogs: initial results. J Vet Intern Med. 2012;26:558\u201364.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1431_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.2.230","volume":"242","author":"D Genovese","year":"2013","unstructured":"Genovese D, Estrada AH, Maisenbacher H, et al. Procedure times, complication rates, and survival times associated with single-chamber versus dual-chamber pacemaker implantation in dogs with clinical signs of bradyarrhythmia: 54 cases (2004-2009). JAVMA. 2013;242(2):230\u20136.","journal-title":"JAVMA"},{"key":"1431_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2001.tb02316.x","volume":"15","author":"MA Oyama","year":"2001","unstructured":"Oyama MA, Sisson DD, Lehmkuhl LB. Practices and outcome of artificial cardiac pacing in 154 dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2001;15:229\u201339.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"1431_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12512","volume":"29","author":"JL Ward","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ward JL, DeFrancesco TC, Tou SP, et al. Complication rates associated with transvenous pacemaker implantation in dogs with high-grade atrioventricular block performed during verses after normal business hours. J Vet Intern Med. 2015;29:157\u201363.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1431_CR9","first-page":"168","volume":"11","author":"O Domenech","year":"2005","unstructured":"Domenech O, Santilli R, Pradelli D, et al. The implantation of a permanent transvenous endocardial pacemaker in 42 dogs: a retrospective study. Med Sci Monit. 2005;11(6):168\u201375.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"1431_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb01948.x","volume":"21","author":"DM Fine","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fine DM, Tobias AH. Cardiovascular device infections in dogs: report of 8 cases and review of the literature. J Vet Intern Med. 2007;21:1265\u201371.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1431_CR11","first-page":"491","volume":"21","author":"PGG Darke","year":"1989","unstructured":"Darke PGG, McAreavey D. Been M. Transvenous cardiac pacing in 19 dogs and one cat. J of small animal. Practice. 1989;21(9):491\u20139.","journal-title":"Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"1431_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1983.182.02.149","volume":"182","author":"JD Bonagura","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bonagura JD, Helphrey ML, Muir WW. Complications associated with permanent pacemaker implantation in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1983;182(2):149\u201355.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1431_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2014.12.004","volume":"17","author":"J Lichtenberger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lichtenberger J, Scollan KF, Bulmer BJ, et al. Long-term outcome of physiologic VDD pacing versus non-physiologic VVI pacing in dogs with high-grade atrioventricular block. J Vet Cardiol. 2015;17(1):42\u201353.","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1431_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00190.x","volume":"48","author":"MS Johnson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Johnson MS, Martin MWS, Henley W. Results of pacemaker implantation in 104 dogs. J Small Animal Practice. 2007;48(1):4\u201311.","journal-title":"J Small Animal Practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"1431_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2012.07.003","volume":"14","author":"AE Coleman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coleman AE, DeFrancesco TC, Chanoit G. Pacemaker malfunction due to mechanical failure of the lead-header interface. J Vet Cardiol. 2012;14(4):519\u201323.","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1431_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.5326\/0460186","volume":"46","author":"JD Murray","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murray JD, O\u2019Sullivan ML, Hawkes KC. Cranial vena caval thrombosis associated with endocardial pacing leads in three dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2010;46(3):186\u201392.","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1431_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2008.09.001","volume":"10","author":"CM Van De Wiele","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van De Wiele CM, Hogan DF, Green HW III, et al. Cranial vena caval syndrome secondary to transvenous pacemaker implantation in two dogs. J Vet Cardiol. 2008;10(2):155\u201361.","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1431_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2009.02.008","volume":"11","author":"C Stauthammer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stauthammer C, Tobias A, France M, et al. Caudal vena cava obstruction caused by redundant pacemaker lead in a dog. J Vet Cardiol. 2009;11(2):141\u20135.","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1431_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.12.1467","volume":"235","author":"SM Cunningham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cunningham SM, Ames MK, Rush JE, et al. Successful treatment of pacemaker-induced stricture and thrombosis of the cranial vena cava in two dogs by use of anticoagulants and balloon venoplasty. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009;235(12):1467\u201373.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"1431_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2010.09.001","volume":"12","author":"JM Mulz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mulz JM, Kraus MS, Thompson M, et al. Cranial vena caval syndrome secondary to central venous obstruction associated with a pacemaker lead in a dog. J Vet Cardiol. 2010;12(3):217\u201323.","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1431_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.025411","volume":"91","author":"F Eberhardt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eberhardt F, Bode F, Bonnemeier H, et al. Long term complications in single and dual chamber pacing are influenced by surgical experience and patient morbidity. Heart. 2005;91(4):500\u20136.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"1431_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2007.00575.x","volume":"30","author":"DA Hirschl","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hirschl DA, Jain VR, Spindola-Franco H, et al. Prevalence and characterization of asymptomatic pacemaker and ICD lead perforation on CT. PACE. 2007;30:28\u201332.","journal-title":"PACE"},{"issue":"8","key":"1431_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.8.1291","volume":"233","author":"SE Achen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Achen SE, Miller MW, Nelson DA, et al. Late cardiac perforation by a passive-fixation permanent pacemaker lead in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008;233(8):1291\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"1431_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2014.04.001","volume":"16","author":"AE Jones","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jones AE, Estrada AH, Pariaut R, et al. Atrial septal pacing in small dogs: a pilot study. J Vet Cardiol. 2014;16(3):163\u201371.","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1431-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1431-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1431-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T11:52:18Z","timestamp":1751543538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1431-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1431-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 October 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All studies were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Boston Scientific Corporation, with full approval and consent of all Class A research animals in accordance with the policies and guidelines of our institution, which is an AAALAC\u00a0International accredited facility. All studies complied with animal use regulations as set forth in the United States Department of Agriculture Animal Welfare Act, 9, CFR, and adhered to the principles outlined in the \"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals,\" from the National Research Council.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Both Lynne Swanson and Barbara Huibregtse are employees of Boston Scientific Corporation, who funded all studies reviewed within this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"112"}}