{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:58:12Z","timestamp":1792814292070,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537488000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest","award":["201303046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201303046"]}]},{"name":"Program for Independence and Innovation in Agricultural Sciences of Jiangsu Province","award":["CX(12)3061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX(12)3061"]}]},{"name":"Program for Independence and Innovation in Agricultural Sciences of Jiangsu Province","award":["CX(14)2084)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX(14)2084)"]}]},{"name":"The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["BK20131334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20131334"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1536-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T11:36:09Z","timestamp":1537529769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Safety and immunogenicity of an attenuated Chinese pseudorabies variant by dual deletion of TK&amp;gE genes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jichun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengcai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimin","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongli","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongfeng","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhisheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjie","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7935-9926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jibo","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1536_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1911.130177","volume":"19","author":"T An","year":"2013","unstructured":"An T, Peng J, Tian Z, Zhao H, Li N, Liu Y, et al. Pseudorabies virus variant in bartha-k61-vaccinated pigs, China, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19(11):1749\u201355.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1536_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2013.14.3.363","volume":"14","author":"R Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu R, Bai C, Sun J, Chang S, Zhang X. Emergence of virulent pseudorabies virus infection in northern China. J Vet Sci. 2013;14(3):363\u20135.","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1536_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2001.130531","volume":"20","author":"X Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu X, Zhou Z, Hu D, Zhang Q, Han T, Li X, et al. Pathogenic pseudorabies virus, China, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(1):102\u20134.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1536_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638715593599","volume":"27","author":"D Hu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hu D, Zhang Z, Lv L, Xiao Y, Qu Y, Ma H, et al. Outbreak of variant pseudorabies virus in Bartha-K61-vaccinated piglets in Central Shandong Province, China. J Vet Diagn Investig. 2015;27:600\u20135.","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Investig"},{"key":"1536_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.01.003","volume":"35","author":"J Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou J, Li S, Wang X, Zou M, Gao S. Bartha-k61 vaccine protects growing pigs against challenge with an emerging variant pseudorabies virus. Vaccine. 2017;35:1161\u20136.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1536_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.11.019","volume":"206","author":"CM Freuling","year":"2017","unstructured":"Freuling CM, Muller TF, Mettenleiter TC. Vaccines against pseudorabies virus(PrV). Vet Microbiol. 2017;206:3\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1536_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-011-1080-2","volume":"156","author":"T M\u00fcller","year":"2011","unstructured":"M\u00fcller T, Hahn E, Tottewitz F, Kramer M, Klupp B, Mettenleiter T, et al. Pseudorabies virus in wild swine: a global perspective. Arch Virol. 2011;156(10):1691\u2013705.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1536_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.2.1403-1414.2003","volume":"77","author":"M Lyman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lyman M, Demmin G, Banfield B. The attenuated pseudorabies virus strain Bartha fails to package the tegument proteins Us3 and VP22. J Virol. 2003;77(2):1403\u201314.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1536_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.61.3.796-801.1987","volume":"61","author":"B Lomniczi","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lomniczi B, Watanabe S, Ben-Porat T, Kaplan A. Genome location and identification of functions defective in the Bartha vaccine strain of pseudorabies virus. J Virol. 1987;61(3):796\u2013801.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1536_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.12.008","volume":"183","author":"Y Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun Y, Luo Y, Wang CH, Yuan J, Li N, Song K, et al. Control of swine pseudorabies in China: opportunities and limitations. Vet Microbiol. 2016;183:119\u201324.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"27","key":"1536_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.04.035","volume":"32","author":"C Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang C, Yuan J, Qin H, Luo Y, Cong X, Li Y, et al. A novel gE-deleted pseudorabies virus (PRV) provides rapid and complete protection from lethal challenge with the PRV variant emerging in Bartha-K61-vaccinated swine population in China. Vaccine. 2014;32(27):3379\u201385.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1536_CR12","first-page":"684945","volume":"2015","author":"T Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang T, Xiao Y, Yang Q, Wang Y, Sun Z, Zhang C, et al. Construction of a gE-deleted pseudorabies virus and its efficacy to the new-emerging variant PRV challenge in the form of killed vaccine. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:684945.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"1536_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2000.00407.x","volume":"47","author":"M Ferrari","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ferrari M, Brack A, Romanelli M, Mettenleiter T, Corradi A, Dal Mas N, et al. A study of the ability of a TK-negative and gI\/gE-negative pseudorabies virus (PRV) mutant inoculated by different routes to protect pigs against PRV infection. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2000;47(10):753\u201362.","journal-title":"J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health"},{"key":"1536_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.09.003","volume":"195","author":"Z Gu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gu Z, Dong J, Wang J, Hou C, Sun H, Yang W, et al. A novel inactivated gE\/gI deleted pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccine completely protects pigs from an emerged variant PRV challenge. Virus Res. 2015;195:57\u201363.","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"1536_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.09.066","volume":"33","author":"RM Hu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hu RM, Zhou Q, Song WB, Sun EC, Zhang MM, He QG, et al. Novel pseudorabies virus variant with defects in TK, gE and gI protects growing pigs against lethal challenge. Vaccine. 2015;33:5733\u201340.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1536_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.03.094","volume":"33","author":"C Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang C, Guo L, Jia X, Wang T, Wang J, Sun Z, et al. Construction of a triple gene-deleted Chinese pseudorabies virus variant and its efficacy study as a vaccine candidate on suckling piglets. Vaccine. 2015;33:2432\u20137.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1536_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.11.022","volume":"182","author":"X Cong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cong X, Lei JL, Xia SL, Wang YM, Li Y, Li S, et al. Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of a gE\/gI\/TK gene-deleted pseudorabies virus variant in susceptible animals. Vet Microbiol. 2016;182:170\u20137.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1536_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.03.002","volume":"130","author":"W Tong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tong W, Li G, Liang C, Liu F, Tian Q, Cao Y, et al. A live, attenuated pseudorabies virus strain JS-2012 deleted for gE\/gI protects against both classical and emerging strains. Antivir Res. 2016;130:110\u20137.","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"key":"1536_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.11.022","volume":"182","author":"C X","year":"2016","unstructured":"X C, JL L, SL X, YM W, Y L, S L, et al. Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of a gE\/gI\/TK gene-deleted pseudorabies virus variant in susceptible animals. Vet Microbiol. 2016;182:170\u20137.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1536_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60787-3","volume":"51","author":"LW Enquist","year":"1998","unstructured":"Enquist LW, Husak PJ, Banfield BW, Smith GA. Infection and spread of alphaherpesviruses in the nervous system. Adv Virus Res. 1998;51:237\u2013347.","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res"},{"key":"1536_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9571(98)00012-5","volume":"21","author":"M Ferrari","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ferrari M, Gualandi GL, Corradi A, Monaci C, Romanelli MG, Tosi G, et al. Experimental infection of pigs with a thymidine kinase negative strain of pseudorabies virus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 1998;21:291\u2013303.","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"1536_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2016.05.009","volume":"229","author":"CY Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu CY, Liao CM, Chi JN, Chien MS, Huang C. Growth properties and vaccine efficacy of recombinant pseudorabies virus defective in glycoprotein E and thymidine kinase genes. J Biotechnol. 2016;229:58\u201364.","journal-title":"J Biotechnol"},{"key":"1536_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0897-z","volume":"12","author":"J Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang J, Guo R, Qiao Y, Xu M, Wang Z, Liu Y, et al. An inactivated gE-deleted pseudorabies vaccine provides complete clinical protection and reduces virus shedding against challenge by a Chinese pseudorabies variant. BMC Vet Res. 2016;12:277.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1536_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.04.013","volume":"159","author":"J Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang J, Osterrieder N. Generation of an infectious clone of duck enteritis virus and generation of a vectored DEV expressing hemagglutinin of H5N1 avian influenza virus. Virus Res. 2011;159(1):23\u201331.","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"1536_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-652-8_30","volume":"634","author":"B Tischer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tischer B, Smith G, Osterrieder N. En passant mutagenesis: a two step markerless red recombination system. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;634:421\u201330.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"1536_CR26","first-page":"00371","volume":"14","author":"Z Gu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gu Z, Dong J, Wang J, Hou C, Sun H, Yang W, et al. A novel inactivated gE\/gI deleted pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccine completely protects pigs from an emerged variant PRV challenge. Virus Res. 2014;14:00371\u20132.","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"1536_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(98)00134-8","volume":"59","author":"N Osterrieder","year":"1999","unstructured":"Osterrieder N. Construction and characterization of an equine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein C negative mutant. Virus Res. 1999;59:165\u201377.","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"1536_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.04.013","volume":"483","author":"C Ye","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ye C, Zhang Q, Tian Z, Zheng H, Zhao K, Liu F, et al. Genomic characterization of emergent pseudorabies virus in China reveals marked sequence divergence: evidence for the existence of two major genotypes. Virology. 2015;483:32\u201343.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"1536_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2005.08.011","volume":"33","author":"A Bouma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bouma A. Determination of the effectiveness of pseudorabies marker vaccines in experiments and field trials. Biologicals. 2005;33:241\u20135.","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"1536_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2003.00721.x","volume":"51","author":"J Casal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Casal J, Planasdemunt L, Varo JA, Martin M. The use of different vaccination schedules for sows to protect piglets against Aujeszky\u2019s disease. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2004;51:8\u201311.","journal-title":"J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health"},{"key":"1536_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8794","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.18.8794","volume":"89","author":"H Shizuya","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shizuya H, Birren B, Kim U, Mancino V, Slepak T, Tachiiri Y, et al. Cloning and stable maintenance of 300-kilobase-pair fragments of human DNA in Escherichia coli using an F-factor-based vector. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992;89:8794\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1536_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124595","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/124595","volume":"2011","author":"C Warden","year":"2011","unstructured":"Warden C, Tang Q, Zhu H. Herpesvirus BACs: past, present, and future. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:124595.","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"1536_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472537","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/472537","volume":"2012","author":"B Tischer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tischer B, Kaufer B. Viral bacterial artificial chromosomes: generation, mutagenesis, and removal of mini-f sequences. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:472537. Epub 2012 Feb 23","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1536_CR34","first-page":"330","volume":"26","author":"W Yin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yin W, Yin L, Ye W, Sun X, Yao H, Zhang M, et al. Construction of an infectious clone of pseudorabies virus strain ZJ genome maintained as a bacterial artificial chromosome [Article in Chinese]. Bing Du Xue Bao. 2010;26(4):330\u20135.","journal-title":"Bing Du Xue Bao"},{"key":"1536_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6405","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.8.6405-6414.1999","volume":"73","author":"GA Smith","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smith GA, Enquist LW. Construction and transposon mutagenesis in Escherichia coli of a full-length infectious clone of pseudorabies virus, an alphaherpesvirus. J Virol. 1999;73:6405\u201314.","journal-title":"J Virol"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1536-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1536-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1536-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T13:08:07Z","timestamp":1605013687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1536-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1536-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All animal tests were approved by the Experimental Animal Committee of the Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences and were conducted in accordance with the \u201cGuidelines for Experimental Animals\u201d of the Ministry of Science and Technology (Beijing, China). Experiments involving virulent PRV were conducted under Biosafety Level 2+ containment.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"287"}}